华北陆块南缘富碱侵入岩岩石组合及时空分布

华北陆块南缘（河南段）出露的富碱侵入岩类集中分布于卢氏－确山一线。岩石类型主要分为三大类：①碱性岩类，即含有似长石或碱性暗色矿物的正长岩类；②碱性花岗岩类，包括钠铁闪石花岗岩以及孪生的钾长花岗岩类；③石英正长岩类，包括碱性长石为主的石英正长岩、英碱正长岩和花岗正长（斑）岩类。在空间上构成一条富碱岩浆岩带，据岩石组合自北而南划为三个亚带：北部碱性岩亚带、中部碱性花岗岩类亚带和南部石英正长（斑）岩亚带。在形成时间上富碱岩浆活动集中于晚元古代末期（７００Ｍａ±）和海西晚期（３００Ｍａ±）。     

Rapid initialization of real-time PPP by resolving undifferenced GPS and GLONASS ambiguities simultaneously

Rapid initialization of real-time precise point positioning (PPP) has constantly been a difficult problem. Recent efforts through multi-GNSS and multi-frequency data, though beneficial indeed, have not proved sufficiently effective in reducing the initialization periods to far less than 10 min. Though this goal can be easily reached by introducing ionosphere corrections as accurate as a few centimeters, a dense reference network is required which is impractical for wi de-area applications. Leveraging the latest development of GLONASS PPP ambiguity resolution (PPP-AR) technique, we propose a composite strategy, where simultaneous GPS and GLONASS dual-frequency PPP-AR is carried out, and herein, the reliability of partial AR improves dramatically. We used 14 days of data from a German network and divided them into hourly data to test this strategy. We found that the initialization periods were shortened drastically from over 25 min when only GPS data were processed to about 6 min when GPS and GLONASS PPP-AR were accomplished simultaneously. More encouragingly, over 50% of real-time PPP solutions could be initialized successfully within 5 min through our strategy, in contrast to only 4% when only GPS data were used. We expect that our strategy can provide a promising route to overcoming the difficulty of achieving PPP initializations within a few minutes.     

华东地区二叠纪层序地层分析

华东地区二叠纪地层甚为发育,分布广泛,生物化石丰富,研究程度较高,不仅生物地层研究颇详,同时近几年来在沉积学及岩相古地理方面也做过较多工作,这些均为层序地层研究和划分创造了有利条件。前几年,我们在安徽、江苏、福建、江西、浙江等地实测和详细观察了23条剖面(图1),在详细研究地层、沉积学、沉积相的基础上,试图对研究区二叠纪层序地层作一探讨。一、二叠纪层序地层划分本区二叠纪沉积盆地介于华夏古陆与鲁东古陆之间,为一克拉通盆地,比较稳定。盆地内发育北东向坳陷与隆起以及同沉积断裂。栖霞期和吴家坪期甚为稳定,岩性岩相单一,厚度变化不大。在茅口期和长兴期,盆地发生分异,坳陷与     

西安地裂与地裂学——地球科学的一门新分支

在对西安地裂进行了全面综合研究的基础上,本文对各种不同的地裂灾害进行了归纳分类,並对其各自的成因进行了初步分析。给出了各类地裂在中国的宏观分布及地裂灾害最严重的地区——汾渭盆地的地裂分布。提出了在地裂的研究中,理论上要认识在多因迭加下浅部地层的非均匀、软弱、多相介质中断裂的失稳、扩展及终止的规律;应用上要解决各类建筑的防裂减灾技术问题,並能服务于环境、资源保护和城市规划,同时,还可以为地震预报、开发地热等工作提供某些基础资料。地裂学就是旨在完成上述任务的一门新兴的边缘学科,它将作为地球科学的一门分支学科在“国际减灾十年”中应运而生。     

The experimental study of parameters of rocks under ultrahigh-pressure state

The parameters of rocks in ultrahigh-presure state are very important to understanding the geodynamics and explosion engineering of rocks. In these experiments the plane wave dynamite lenses were used to drive the flying plates. The flying plate hits the target and produces the ultrahigh-pressure shock wave. The propagation velocity and the particle velocity of shock wave in rock samples were measured by probes, and the relation between density of rocks and pressure was obtained by Rankine-Hugoniot formulas. The maximum pressure in experiments was higher than 70 GPa. The ultrahigh-pressure state formulas obtained are: Limestoneρ=3.22+0.016p; Graniteρ=3.20+0.024p. In which the unit for ρ is g/cm³, the unit forp is GPa. The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,13, 96–103, 1991.     

现场大尺度摩擦实验中观测到的断层泥中的塑性变形波

本文介绍了在断层区的岩体中进行的现场大尺度摩擦实验。实验的目的是探索地壳中变形波的存在。实验结果表明,在加载时断层泥屈服时间不一致,加载一端的断层泥先屈服,然后屈服范围逐步扩大,此过程相应于塑性变形波在断层泥中的传播。实验测得试件中塑性变形波波速约为2—3 cm/min,实际相当于10—16km/year。     

武汉和宜昌地区降水的Z-R关系

应用1987-1989年观测的850份雨滴谱资料,统计分析了武汉和宜昌地区降水的Z-R关系。得出武汉地区:层状云降水Z=200.7 R^1.259 对流性降水Z=292.4R^1.265 宜昌地区:层状云降水Z=259.3R^1.407 对流性降水Z=361.9R^1.477。     

The effect of internal tides on the vertical structure of tidal current in the North Huanghai Sea

The tidal current is generally predominant in China's offshore areas. The vertical structure of the observedtidal current is quite complicated with the presence of seasonal thermocline. The observed tidal current may be divided into two parts, an averaged barotropic tide current and a variation tide current. A method for studying the vertical structure of tidal current is developed from the constitution and distribution of energy, and the vertical structure of the observed tide current in the North Huanghai Sea is studied on the basis of the method. The result shows that the reason why the energy of the tidal current is concentrated on the neighbourhood of the thermocline mainly lies in the internal tides i under certain conditions, the fact that the direction of the internal tide current above the thermocline is opposite to the one below the thermocline will be able to cause the rotary directions of the observed tidal current above and below the thermocline to be in opposite. The interaction between th     

实际海域的赤潮生消过程数值模拟

目前所了解的众多与发生赤潮有关的因素均非赤潮发生的充分必要条件，而且不存在稳定的赤潮诱发因子。赤潮的发生是富营养化、适合的光合作用条件和赤潮藻本身的死亡率三方面的综合结果。这3个因素以及这3个因素有关的其他因素都可能成为赤潮发生的激发因子。根据此概念建立了赤潮生消过程的动力－营养盐－赤潮藻间的耦合数值模式，成功地数值模拟了1998年3－4月在香港沿海实际发生的赤潮生消的全过程。该模式对于研究赤潮的发展过程及预报是有益的探索。