鱼耳石元素研究热点及常用测试分析方法综述

鱼耳石是鱼类内耳中的钙质沉积体,组成和结构非常稳定,它的生长轮受其生理控制和环境条件影响有规律地昼夜生长。耳石可作为鱼类的生物学记录者并为重建其生活特征和环境参数提供依据。文中就近20年来国内外关于鱼耳石微量元素和同位素方面的研究热点、鱼耳石元素研究中常用的测试分析方法以及其在环境监测中的应用前景和存在的问题作一整理和综述,望能为广大耳石研究者提供一些思路和揭示其在环境科学中的广阔应用前景。     

基于RINEX格式的GPS联合作业数据统一处理

RINEX格式是GPS数据一种常用的标准数据格式,通用性强,利于多种型号的接收机联合作业,绝大多数商用软件都能处理。本文从生产实践出发,详细介绍了RINEX格式数据信息及常用的几种GPS接收机数据传输与转换方式,以及解算过程中出错数据元的检查和修正,对指导生产实践有一定的借鉴意义。     

遥感技术在城市规划中的应用：以广州市城市规划应用实践为例

遥感影像具有丰富的地表信息,作为空间调查手段和信息源可以满足日益增长的城市建设及其规划的需求,结合传统规划线划图,能为城市规划发挥日益重大的作用。本文结合广州市城市规划中所涉及的总体规划、分区规划、违章建筑调查、环境规划等若干实际应用方面的工作及成果,对遥感技术在城市规划中的具体应用进行了介绍。     

急缺矿种金刚石合成固体密封传压介质叶蜡石资源开发研究及其对策

金刚石合成固体密封传压介质叶蜡石是一个急缺矿种,由于该资源的缺乏将会严重地阻碍我国超硬材料产业的发展。针对我国固体密封传压介质叶蜡石矿产资源的特点,提出了开发利用这种叶蜡石的措施和建议。     

基于DPSIR模型与Theil系数的河南省可持续发展评价

基于"驱动力-压力-状态-影响-响应"(DPSIR)模型,构建了河南省区域可持续发展评价的指标体系,运用熵权法对其可持续发展状况进行评价,引入Theil系数对其进行空间解构,结果表明:1)河南省总体可持续发展能力不强且差异明显。可持续发展能力一般及以下的城市数量占河南省城市总数的94.44%,可持续发展能力较差的达到了1/3;郑州可持续发展能力较强,鹤壁可持续发展能力最弱;2)河南省区域可持续发展能力的空间差异性是由区内和区际差异共同造成的,二者贡献率相当,总体呈下降趋势;中原城市群是区内和区际差异的主要贡献者,黄淮海地区的贡献率最低;3)在区域可持续发展能力构成要素中,响应对区域可持续发展能力的影响最大,是决定性因子;驱动力对区域可持续发展能力的影响最小;基于各地市可持续发展的主要影响因素及组合情况,将其划分为压力约束型、驱动力引领型、压力支撑型、压力状态综合型及多因素共同驱动型5种类型。     

Urban Shadow Detection and Classification Using Hyperspectral Image

Shadow is an inevitable problem in high-resolution remote sensing images. There are need and significance in extracting information from shadow-covered areas, such as in land-cover mapping. Although the illumination energy of shadow pixels is low, hyperspectral image can provides rich enough band information to differentiate various urban targets/materials and to classify them. This study firstly analyzes the spectra difference between shadow and non-shadow classes so as to detect shadow-pixel. To classify the shadow pixels, Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) method was adopted to classify urban land-cover mapping, because it can reduce the influence resulted from different illumination intensity. Then, training samples were collected among different classes from the shadow pixels, and their Jeffries–Matusita (J–M) distance were computed to validate the spectral separability among classes, with the square distances of J–M among classes all bigger than 1.9. Finally, Maximum Likelihood Classifier (MLC) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier were used to classify all the shadow pixels as different land-cover types. The results showed MLC and SVM outperform the SAM in classifying similar classes. The classification result in SVM was validated to find having conformity with ground truth.     

The influence of plant root system architectural properties upon the stability of loess hillslopes,Northeast Qinghai,China

To investigate the influence of root system architectural properties of three indigenous (cold-adapted) shrubs on the hillslope stability of loess deposits in the Xining Basin, northeast part of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP), indoor direct shear tests have been conducted on the remolded rooted soil of three shrubs. Test results show that root system architectural indices (root area ratio (RAR), root length density (RLD) and root density (RD)) of the shrubs decline with depth and the relationship between RAR, RD and depth is exponential, while a power relationship describes the relationship between RLD and depth. The cohesion force of remolded rooted soil for the shrubs initially increases with depth, but it then demonstrates a slightly decreasing trend, which can be described with a power relationship. Power relationships also describe relationships between cohesion force and RAR, RLD and RD for the shrubs. As the growth period increases from 10 to 17 months, the incremental increase in RAR is 48.32% ~ 210.25% for Caragana korshinskii Kom and 0.56% ~ 166.85% for Zygophyllum xanthoxylon (Bunge) Maxim. This proportional increase is notably larger than that for RLD and RD. The increment in RAR is marginally greater for C. korshinskii than it is for Z. xanthoxylon. Correspondingly, the cohesion force incremental rates of remolded rooted soil for C. korshinskii and Z. xanthoxylon are 12.41% ~ 25.22% and 3.45% ~ 17.33% respectively. Meanwhile, as root content increases, the contribution by roots to cohesion force increases markedly until a threshold condition is reached.     

Winter meso-scale shear front in the Yellow Sea and its sedimentary effects

In this paper, the authors explored the presence of shear fronts between the Yellow Sea Coastal Current (YSCC) and the monsoon-strengthened Yellow Sea Warm Current (YSWC) in winter and their sedimentary effects within the shear zone based on a fully validated numerical model. This work added the wind force to a tidal model during simulating the winter baroclinic circulation in the Yellow Sea. The results indicate that the YSWC is significantly strengthened by wind-driven compensation due to a northeast monsoon during winter time. When this warm current encounters the North Shandong-South Yellow Sea coastal current, there is a strong reverse shear action between the two current systems, forming a reverse-S-shaped shear front that begins near 34°N in the south and extends to approximately 38°N, with an overall length of over 600 km. The main driving force for the formation of this shear front derives from the circulation system with the reverse flow. In the shear zone, temperature and salinity gradients increase, flow velocities are relatively small and the flow direction on one side of the shear zone is opposite to that on the other side. The vertical circulation structure is complicated, consisting of a series of meso- and small-scale anti-clockwise eddies. Particularly, this shear effect significantly hinders the horizontal exchange of coastal sediments carried by warm currents, resulting in fine sediments deposition due to the weak hydrodynamic regime.     

环境污染重心与社会经济重心的演变对比分析——以河南省为例

运用空间结构重心计算方法,选取河南省18个行政区的相关数据,对河南省2003—2013年环境污染重心与社会经济重心的空间分布、移动规律和相互影响进行分析。分别计算工业废水、废气、固体废弃物3个环境污染重心,年末总人口、GDP、社会固定资产投资3个社会经济重心,从移动距离、移动方向、移动路径、斜率分析、空间相关性分析等多个角度阐述河南省环境污染重心、社会经济重心的动态变化与空间联系。结果表明:经济重心的移动与河南省区域经济发展政策有关;经济重心与各项污染重心的空间距离越来越大;固体废弃物、废气与废水向经济重心两侧移动,总体呈"个"字型态发展;经济重心所在区位基本不变而且将会保持。     

新疆东准噶尔北塔山蛇绿混杂岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年、氧同位素及其地质构造意义

本文为首次报道东准噶尔北塔山蛇绿混杂岩的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄及氧同位素。北塔山蛇绿混杂岩出露于扎河坝-阿尔曼泰蛇绿混杂岩东南端,中蒙边境附近。岩石地球化学表明,其主要为岛弧玄武岩,稀土元素球粒陨石标准化模式表现为轻稀土相对富集,微量元素的N-MORB标准化蛛网图显示富集大离子亲石元素(LILE),存在Nb和Ta负异常,显示了受消减带影响的信息,其可能是准噶尔地区洋壳俯冲-消减的产物。东准噶尔北塔山蛇绿混杂岩中辉长岩的锆石获得了3组SHRIMP U-Pb年龄,第一组锆石的年龄为494±3Ma(n=14,χ2=1.16),对应δ18O加权平均值为5.2±0.3‰(1σ),与幔源锆石δ18O值(5.3±0.3‰)相一致,代表了辉长岩的形成年龄,亦代表了该蛇绿岩形成时代。辉长岩中第二组锆石的SHRIMP UPb年龄范围为412±13Ma和259~264Ma,对应锆石δ18O值为6.5±0.1‰~11.1±0.1‰,表明它们受到后期高δ18O壳源流体/熔体不同程度的改造。研究区与玄武岩呈侵入接触关系的花岗斑岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄为407±2Ma,代表了该花岗斑岩的形成年龄,并约束了阿尔曼泰洋盆的闭合时限可能为晚志留纪-早泥盆纪。而其对应锆石δ18O值为6.1±0.2‰(1σ),反映了岩浆物质可能主要来源于下伏玄武质洋壳。本文的研究结果不仅表明北塔山蛇绿岩形成于晚寒武世,而且进一步证明它是扎河坝-阿尔曼泰蛇绿岩带的东南延伸。更为重要的是,本文的研究还证明锆石O同位素研究与锆石SHRIMP定年研究相结合是合理解释蛇绿岩中锆石年龄复杂性的有效途径之一。