南沙北部伸展构造的基本特征及其动力学意义

南沙地块辫啊以中南－美洲断裂为分界,其东、西两侧伸展构造的几何学与运动学表明,晚白垩世至早渐新世,其伸展作用以纯剪切为主;中渐新世至早中新世,伸展带东段转换为简单剪切,西段剪切渐停。伸展作用的主要动力来源于陆缘俯冲板片的拆沉、软流圈地幔热物质乘隙上拱和部分熔融作用及周边板块的相互作用。     

长坑金银矿赋矿硅质岩的硅氧同位素地球化学特征及其成因意义

长坑金银矿赋矿硅质岩的硅氧同位素地球化学特征及其成因意义孙晓明孙凯陈敬德陈炳辉（中山大学地球科学系,广州５１０２７５）关键词硅质岩δ３０Ｓｉδ１８Ｏ组成热水沉积长坑金银矿长坑大型金银矿是一种新型的浅成低温热液贵金属矿床,国内外尚未见类似者［１～２...     

一种现代不对称波痕的成因特征及类比分析——以民和盆地红古城地区下白垩统第8岩组为例

本文以黄河边上现代不对称波痕的形成为例,结合民和盆地下白垩统第８岩组沉积环境进行类比分析,一改过去传统的“浅水”认识,而把它定为三角洲平原相沉积。因而不对称波痕不能作为某一种沉积环境,它可以广泛生成于不同的环境。因此应更多强调综合分析、类比分析、层序基本单元和体系域分析,使盆地岩石地层单位的古环境解释建立在可靠的理性基础上。     

头台子—沈旦堡地区油气运移研究

本文对生油岩的特征和分布进行了研究,并论述了头沈地区的油气是以纵向运移和横向运移的方式通过多期次发育的断层由长滩洼陷运移而来。     

阿拉善高原地下水的稳定同位素异常

1987～1995年对降水、黑河水和古日乃草原地下水作了定位观测,在巴丹吉林沙漠水文探险中采集了沙漠和戈壁地下水及湖水.降水同位素组成δD～δ18O与Craig线相同,但发现了地下水的δD～δ18D关系平行于降水线且有氘盈余为负且达-22‰的异常,其成因不明.由地表、地下水环境同位素组成,分析了黑河治理规划实施后可能对地下水资源产生的工程影响,它近期不会成为古日乃草原沙漠化进程的因素,但对额济纳绿洲的影响却不容忽视.     

矿山边坡稳定性研究的回顾与展望

本文阐述了露天矿边坡工程的特点, 回顾了露天矿边坡稳定性研究及其取得的理论成果和进展, 指出露天矿边坡稳定性研究的特点, 提出相应的研究技术路线与方法。     

兰州市区地面脉动特征

为了进行兰州市区的场地小区划,在市区75个点上做了地面脉动观测。观测表明,地面脉动具有明显的区域性。市区不同地点的傅氏谱多少都有相似之处,多数谱峰值出现在0.3—0.45秒范围内。但是在兰州市的不同地段,谱形上也有一定的差别。根据谱形,可将市区划分为5个地区。由此可以想见,地面脉动特征取决于整个区域的综合自然条件,局部表土层的条件反居次要地位。地面脉动的最大幅值显然取决于表层较软土层,如黄土、亚粘土、亚砂土等的厚度,这些软土层的厚度越大,地面脉动的最大幅值也就越大。地面脉动观测结果可用之于场地土小区划分中去。     

Petrogenesis of Archaean ultrabasic and basic volcanics: Evidence from rare earth elements

Rare earth element (REE) and major element data are presented on 44 Archaean samples which include spinifex textured ultramagnesian lavas (STPK) spinifex textured basalts (STB) and low MgO tholeiites. The samples come from the Yilgarn and Pilbara Blocks (W. Australia), Barberton (South Africa), Belingwe and Que Que (Rhodesia), Abitibi (Canada) and the 3.7 b.y. Isua Belt of Western Greenland. In addition REE data are given on three near primitive mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB) and a glassy MORB-type basalt from Taiwan. We suggest that REE patterns, particularly the light REE and Eu, can be affected by metamorphism, but argue that the consistency of pattern from samples both within and between areas enables recognition of primary patterns. La/Sm ratios of 2.7 b.y. STPK are characterised by being lower than those of associated basalts. The 3.5 b.y. STPK Barberton material does not show this feature but instead displays significant heavy REE depletion. The separation of garnet from these liquids is suggested as a possible mechanism for the high CaO/Al₂O₃ ratios, (Al loss) and the heavy REE and Sc depletion. The REE data on Barberton material is equivocal on the derivation of the so-called basaltic komatiites from the peridotitic komatiites. However, REE analyses on STPK and high magnesian lavas from elsewhere suggests that crystal fractionation is not a viable mechanism to produce one from the other. We suggest instead, that varying amounts of partial melting of different sources is responsible for the spectrum of compositions. The STB appear to be an easily recognised rock type within the Archaean. They are characterised by quench (clinopyroxene) textures and a light REE enriched pattern. It is suggested that these are near primary melts and that their REE patterns mirror their mantle source. We propose a two stage model for the 2.7 b.y. mafic complexes, in which, prior to the generation of ultrabasic magmas, the source underwent a small amount of partial melting which resulted in the removal of a melt enriched in incompatible elements. The depletion process could be achieved either during mantle diapirism or by upward migration of interstitial melts into an Archaean low velocity zone. The spread of La/Sm ratios in STPK and STB is used as an argument that the Archaean mantle was chemically heterogeneous and that the degree of heterogeneity was similar to that observed in modern ocean volcanics. As a result, partial melting of the mantle under different P-T conditions produced a spectrum of magma types. The information presently available on Archaean mafic and silicic magmatism and the incompleteness of geochemical data on present day tectonic environments are two major obstacles in formulating Archaean tectonic models. In addition a comparison of present day and Archaean ultramafic and silicic rocks suggests that plate tectonic models as presently understood may not be suitable analogues for all Archaean tectonic environments.     

我国南方燕山期不同矿化花岗岩的判别

在我国南方,广泛发育各种酸性岩浆侵入体,蕴藏着丰富的稀土、稀有和放射性元素等矿产资源。找矿勘探及地质研究证明,其中大部分与燕山期花岗岩体有密切关系。实际情况是只有部分燕山期花岗岩体中,上述有用元素能富集成矿,而在更多的燕山期花岗岩体中,并未发现有工业价值的矿床。铌钽矿化与钨矿化可在一地存在,也可在不同岩体中出现,但铌钽矿化、钨矿化与铀矿化经常不在一地。上述现象纯属偶然的巧合,还是某种内在联系的反映呢?含矿花岗岩与不含矿的花岗岩在化学元素组合上有没有差异?研究这个问题对今后的找矿和勘探显然是有重要意义的。