杰氏风暴潮预报方法在珠海及粤西海域的应用

本文通过杰氏风暴潮预报方法对历史上给珠海和粤西海域造成较大影响的台风增水事件进行后报试验,并通过统计分析方法对原有的预报公式进行订正,总结出适合珠海及粤西海域的风暴潮预报公式.利用5a的时间对珠海及粤西海域的台风增水进行试报,结果表明预报准确率分别达95.0%和87.6%,尤其对一些增水较大、影响较严重的台风增水预报相对更加准确,预报准确率均达90.0%以上.这说明订正后的公式对珠海及粤西海域的风暴潮预报能得到较好的预报效果.     

一种基于启发式算法的等高线局部内插方法

在基于启发式内插等高线算法的基础上提出了一种局部内插方法。首先利用Douglas-Peucker算法提取等高线的特征点,根据特征点判断等高线之间的相似性程度,找出导致等高线出现异常的特征点;然后将相似性程度很低的两条等高线自动分解为若干简单等高线再进行内插。有效地解决了局部弯曲很大、马鞍型地貌等复杂等高线的内插问题。算法已经在以Microstation为平台的数字制图系统中实现并逐渐实用化。     

对我国西南地区河谷深厚覆盖层成因机理的新认识

近年来,在我国水能资源开发过程中,发现各河流现代河床以下普遍堆积厚达数十米甚至上百米的松散堆积物。河谷深厚覆盖层的存在,不仅严重制约了工程坝址的选择,影响相关流域水电资源的开发利用,也给坝工设计带来巨大的困难。由于深厚覆盖层埋藏于现代河床之下,其形成年代一般先于一二级阶地,有悖于河流发育演化的常理,其成因一直令人费解。首次将河谷深切和深厚堆积事件与全球气候变化、海平面升降运动、地壳运动等有机地联系起来,并提出冰期、间冰期全球海平面大幅度升降,是导致河流深切成谷并形成深厚堆积的主要原因的新观点。在此基础上,引入层序地层学原理,从理论上较好地解释了全球气候变化导致海平面和河流侵蚀基准面大幅变化,并产生河谷深切和深厚堆积的原因和过程。最后,进一步将沿河大型古滑坡的孕育和发生与河谷深切事件相联系,提出沿河大型古滑坡是在河谷深切期因前缘临空较好而形成的新观点,从而对沿河古滑坡前缘剪出口高程往往低于现代河床数十米的原因给出了较合理的解释。     

新疆与哈萨克斯坦寒武纪磷块岩资源

新疆和哈萨克斯坦寒武纪均为主要的磷矿成矿时代之一,但所形成的磷块岩资源量差别巨大．新疆寒武纪磷块岩矿层薄、矿石质量差、储量很少,哈萨克斯坦小卡拉套山寒武纪磷块岩矿层厚度大、矿石质量好、储量巨大．从实施“走出去”战略出发,邻国小卡拉套地区丰富的磷矿资源对于弥补新疆磷矿资源的严重不足具有重要意义．     

Chronology and cooling history of the Tianmenshan pluton in South Jiangxi Province and their geological significance

Geochronological studies on the crust-derived Tianmenshan pluton were undertaken by SHRIMP zircon U-Pb dating and Ar-Ar dating of biotite, muscovite and K-feldspar, giving a petrogenetic age of 167 Ma. Owing to the closure systems in different minerals, the cooling history of the pluton can be determined with an age-temperature diagram. The late hydrothermal event has been recognized, which is related probably with mineralization. In terms of the comparative geochronological and petrologic records, it is concluded that there are some constrains on tectonic evolution and that the formation of the Tianmenshan pluton proceeded in a transition period from Indosinian post-orogeny extension to strong compressive tectonics. And the timing of the hydrothermal event matches the compressive climax of the Yanshanian orogeny. The temporal gap between granite emplacement and wolframite mineralization could last 10-20 Ma owing to the low cooling rate of the pluton.     

Oviraptorosaurian Eggs (Dinosauria) with Embryonic Skeletons Discovered for the First Time in China

Two elongatoolithid dinosaur eggs from the Upper Cretaceous of Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province and the embryonic skeletons they bear are described. They represent the first oviraptorosaurian eggs with embryonic skeletons in China and provide the first example that an oospecies can be correlated to certain dinosaur taxon/taxa. The two eggs are the same as the pair of the eggs inside a female oviraptorosaurian pelvis from the same horizon of the same area in both macro- and micro-structures of the egg shells, and can he referred to the oospecies, Macroolithus yaotunensis Zhao, 1975. The morphology of the preserved part of the embryonic skeletons indicates that they may have been laid by an oviraptorid, Heyuannia huangi from Guangdong Province or a closely related oviraptorosaurian, which may have been lived in the Ganzhou area too in the Late Cretaceous. The embryonic skeletons of the two eggs are not in the same developing stage. In one of the eggs, the postzygapophysis of the preserved vertebrae are well ossified, indicating that it was just hatched.     

黑龙江省矿山主要环境地质问题及防治对策

黑龙江省在矿产资源开采过程中产生了诸多的矿山环境地质问题。这些矿山环境地质问题可分为资源毁损、地质灾害、环境污染3大类。又可细分为土地资源压占、植被资源破坏、地下水位下降、风景景观和地质遗迹破坏、地面塌陷、地裂缝、崩塌、滑坡、泥石流、煤层自燃、煤矸石自燃、水土侵蚀、土地沙化、盐碱化、草原退化、水污染、土壤污染、大气污染等种类。这些矿山环境问题给黑龙江省的经济发展和生态环境造成了巨大的损失和危害。论文阐述了主要矿山环境问题及其危害,并提出了有关防治对策建议,以促进黑龙江省矿山环境保护与治理工作的进步。     

天然气溶解过程中组分分馏模型及其应用

天然气不同组分在水中溶解度的差异,导致溶解相与残留游离相天然气组分组成不同,即发生组分的溶解分馏效应。溶解分馏效应在天然气水溶运移、溶解散失等过程中均有发生。揭示天然气组分的溶解分馏规律、建立定量分馏模型,有助于天然气气源对比和成藏过程示踪。以Henry定律为依据,对不同组分溶解特征分析,提出了溶解度分数的概念,并建立了溶解分馏模型。根据该模型和各组分的溶解度分数和天然气溶解量,可计算各组分的溶解分馏量,恢复天然气初始组成特征。计算表明,威远震旦系气藏初期的天然气组成为:CH4为72.70%,C2H6为0.09%,CO2为22.41%,N2为4.07%,干燥系数(C1/C1-5)为99.876%。溶解作用使天然气中CO2含量显著降低,烃类气体含量增加,而天然气干燥系数降低。结果有助于天然气成因判识和气源对比等。