农谚在河南冬小麦种植及气候适应中的应用

农谚是反映人地关系的地方性知识,研究其在农业生产中的应用及适用性,有助于理解人地关系的变迁及地域特点。收集整理河南冬小麦种植的农谚,归纳总结了冬小麦生育期的农谚时序表。进而利用洛阳、开封、信阳1951—2003年的气象观测数据,分析农谚与气候适应的关系。结果显示,随着气候的变化,农谚中的冬小麦适宜播种期比气象实测的适宜播种期略微早。农谚指出冬小麦越冬期怕冬暖,拔节孕穗期间怕春寒及灌浆需晴暖天气,均与实际观测的气象数据相符合。农谚指出了冬小麦缺水及容易出现旱情的生育阶段,并以此进行旱灾适应。     

广州白云山常绿阔叶林的结构特征

在线路调查和样方调查的基础上分析了广州白云山常绿阔叶林的结构特征.群落主要由亚热带科属组成,优势科为芸香科、五加科、茜草科、山茶科、壳斗科、鼠刺科、樟科等.优势树种也以相应的优势科属树种为主.群落中胸径≥3cm的个体密度较小,只有1964株/hm2;群落较为低矮,平均高度只有6m;乔木垂直分化不明显,树种水平分布不均.白云山的植被是次生植被和人工造林改造的结果,只在山谷少数植被没受人类干扰.其现状植被是天然次生植被和人工植被的混合体.在一些由马尾松发展起来的群落,天然侵入的阔叶树种已在主要层中居优势;群落中可见马尾松衰退的痕迹.     

3-D BAROCLINIC NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE SOUTH CHINA SEA I. UPPER CIRCULATION

A three-dimensional baroclinic shelf sea model was employed to simulate the seasonal characteristics of the South China Sea (SCS) upper circulation. The results showed that: in summer, an anticyclonic eddy, after its formation between the Bashi Channel and Dongsha Islands in the northeastern SCS, moves southwestward until it disperses slowly. There exists a northward western boundary current along the east shore of the Indo-China Peninsula in the western SCS and an anticyclonic gyre in the southern SCS. But at the end of summer and beginning of autumn, a weak local cyclonic eddy forms in the Nansha Trough, then grows slowly and moves westward till it becomes a cyclonic gyre in the southern SCS in autumn. At the beginning of winter, there exists a cyclonic gyre in the northern and southern SCS, and there is a southward western boundary current along the east shore of the Indo-China Peninsula. But at the end of winter, an anticyclonic eddy grows and moves toward the western boundary after forming in the Nansha Trough. The eddy‘s movement induces a new opposite sign eddy on its eastern side, while the strength of the southward western boundary current gets weakened. This phenomenon continues till spring and causes eddies in the southern SCS.     

关于大陆动力学几个问题的思考

本文对大陆动力学研究中密切关注的问题，如大陆裂解和碰撞的经典、非经典、非威尔逊旋回；盆─山转换的多类型多阶段；大陆垂向增生与侧向增生──是拆沉还是抽拉？造山带结构的复杂性和多样性以及大陆岩石圈发展与演化的“力源”等问题进行了归纳分析和讨论，同时提出了笔者对上述问题的看法。     

基于反射机制的MVC业务模块简化方案

简要介绍了MVC设计模式，对开发框架FrameServer的MVC实现过程进行丁研究，结合实例讨论了如何利用反射机制开发MVC业务模块，最后阐述了反射机制的优缺点。     

弹性特征约束下的矿物成分页岩脆性评价方法研究

脆性评价对页岩储层可压裂性评估、设计压裂层段、提升压裂改造效果具有重要意义.但传统基于矿物成分的脆性评价方法将不同矿物成分对脆性指数贡献程度进行平均化, 忽略了不同矿物对岩石脆性影响的差异性.本文采用数字岩石物理实验来标定不同矿物成分对岩石脆性整体特征的影响程度, 定量分析了岩石弹性参数随矿物组分含量的变化关系, 采用基于弹性参数的脆性指数来建立不同矿物成分对页岩脆性的差异性影响关系, 建立不同矿物组分相较于黏土矿物与脆性指数的相对关系及敏感因子, 在弹性参数脆性指数的约束下确定了不同矿物成分在脆性指数中的权重, 提出了基于矿物成分贡献程度自适应变化的脆性评价方法.矿物脆性评价结果与弹性参数脆性评价结果的相关性分析及下寺湾地区岩样脆性评价测试表明, 考虑不同矿物成分的差异性所构建的脆性评价方法更加合理有效.

     

The effect of biological soil crusts of different successional stages and conditions on the germination of seeds of three desert plants

Biological soil crusts greatly affect soil surface properties, which, in turn, may alter seed germination of vascular plants. We investigated the effects of two types of biological soil crusts (moss crust and algal crust) at different ages on the seed germination of Bassia dasyphylla and Artemisia ordosica. We also investigated the effects of crust conditions (living crust and dead crust) on seed germination of B. dasyphylla, A. ordosica and Eragrostis poaeoides. The presence of both algal and moss crusts significantly enhanced the germination of B. dasyphylla and A. ordosica compared with uncrusted soil. Crust age had no significant effect on the germination of either B. dasyphylla or A. ordosica for both moss and algal crusts. Germination of B. dasyphylla differed significantly between moss and algal crusts, but germination of both A. ordosica and E. poaeoides did not. Germination of A. ordosica, E. poaeoides and B. dasyphylla was significantly higher on living algal crust than on dead crust and uncrusted soil, while living moss crust enhanced the germination of both A. ordosica and B. dasyphylla but had no significant effect on E. poaeoides.     

pH胁迫对菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)耗氧率、排氨率、免疫和抗氧化酶活性以及组织形态的影响

随着人类工业迅速发展, CO2大量排放,引起了海洋的酸化效应,不仅导致了全球气候变暖,也严重危害了海洋生物的生态健康。以菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)为研究对象,研究pH变化对菲律宾蛤仔耗氧率、排氨率、鳃组织结构以及鳃和内脏团的免疫、抗氧化酶活性的影响。将菲律宾蛤仔置于酸化海水(pH 6.4、7.1和7.7)中,以自然海水(pH 8.1)为对照。结果表明:耗氧率和排氨率随着pH的升高或降低而降低,在pH=8时达到最大值; 6.4酸化组蛤仔鳃组织结构损伤严重,鳃丝间距扩大,纤毛黏合;鳃组织碱性磷酸酶(AKP)第42天所有酸化组活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05),所有酸化组溶菌酶(LZM)和酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活性显著低于对照组(P<0.05), 7.7酸化组超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)显著高于对照组(P<0.05),所有酸化组丙二醛(MDA)含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05);内脏团7.1和7.7酸化组LZM活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05),...     

基于磁异常信号解析的目标速度特性研究

水下磁性目标产生的磁场成为重要的水下目标非声探测信号源,因此对水下磁性目标的静磁场建模原理开展了研究。实现了均匀磁化的旋转椭球体模型和磁偶极子模型,并对2种模型在目标磁异常信号仿真上的适应性进行了分析。研究表明：相比于磁偶极子模型,旋转椭球体模型在传感器与目标距离较近时也能表现很好的适应性。由此,利用旋转椭球体模型,首先通过仿真计算构建了目标在不同运动速度状态下的近距离磁异常信号数据集,然后开展基于深度学习方法的水下磁性目标运动速度识别方法研究,最后识别效果在验证集和测试集上分别取得了0.17m/s和0.74m/s良好的误差精度,为后续目标的航向等状态识别奠定重要基础。     

Whether human-induced activities could change the gradient pattern of coastal land use along the sea-land direction: a case study in Manila Bay,Philippines

Increasing intense human activities have largely changed the coastal landscape and caused many environmental issues. However, whether human-induced activities could change the coastal land use gradient pattern, an important coastal zonal characteristic along the sea–land direction, remains unclear. Manila Bay was selected as the study area in this work. According to the distance of the land use and land cover(LULC) to the coastline, we clustered the typical coastal land use sequence patterns(CLU...