Estimation of hydraulic permeability considering the micro morphology of rocks of the borehole YAXCOPOIL-1 (Impact crater Chicxulub,Mexico)

Internal surface, formation factor, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)-T2 relaxation times and pore radius distributions were measured on representative core samples for the estimation of hydraulic permeability. Permeability is estimated using various versions of the classic Kozeny–Carman-equation (K–C) and a further development of K–C, the fractal PaRiS-model, taking into account the internal surface. In addition to grain and pore size distribution, directly connected to permeability, internal surface reflects the internal structure (“micro morphology”). Lithologies could be grouped with respect to differences in internal surface. Most melt rich impact breccia lithologies exhibit large internal surfaces, while Tertiary post-impact sediments and Cretaceous lithologies in displaced megablocks display smaller internal surfaces. Investigations with scanning electron microscopy confirm the correlation between internal surface and micro morphology. In addition to different versions of K–C, estimations by means of NMR, pore radius distributions and some gas permeability measurements serve for cross-checking and calibration. In general, the different estimations from the independent methods and the measurements are in satisfactory accordance. For Tertiary limestones and Suevites bulk with very high porosities (up to 35%) permeabilites between 10⁻¹⁴ and 10⁻¹⁶ m² are found, whereas in lower Suevite, Cretaceous anhydrites and dolomites, bulk permeabilites are between 10⁻¹⁵ and 10⁻²³ m².     

应用探地雷达探测活动断层

在浅覆盖区采用探地雷达探测地震活动断层。通过实验确定出最佳的采集参数和数据处理流程,在雷达剖面上,能够清晰地显示出断层上部的形态特征、上断点埋深和岩土分层。结合钻孔资料,利用雷达剖面上对第四系覆盖的分层结果和上断点所在的层位可以分析和评价断层的活动性。     

Paleomagnetic studies of the Late Mesozoic deformation stage in the southern Primorye region

The analysis of paleomagnetic data available for the southern Primiorye region revealed that the studied objects were magnetized under regional remagnetization presumably during the Late Mesozoic folding and this magnetization can be interpreted as being synfolding. The interpretation is based on the parameter that characterizes the folding completion degree immediately before regional remagnetization. It is shown that the relaxation of Late Mesozoic horizontal stresses was irregular. The obtained estimates of the degree of folding completion are consistent with the available geological data and Talitskii’s model for tectonic deformations.     

Electromagnetic radiation outbursts from the collision of P/Shoemaker-Levy 9 comet with Jupiter

The forthcoming collision by debris of P/Shoemaker-Levy 9 comet with Jupiter during the week of July 18, 1994 has generated considerable scientific and public interest. This collision may release an amount of energy ranging from 10²⁵-10³¹ ergs in the Jovian atmosphere. Two possible phenomena associated with this event are described in this Letter to the Editor. The first one is the likely display of deformed Jovian magnetic field lines as the comet interacts with the Jovian magnetosphere. The second one is electromagnetic radiation outbursts during comet explosions over a wide frequency range from radio up to gamma ray emissions. If relativistic electrons with energies up to ~ 1000 MeV could be produced during comet explosions, then synchrotron radiations with frequencies from radio up to infrared range could be detectable. Hard X-rays and gamma rays could be produced by bremsstrahlung and inverse Compton processes. Since one cannot exclude the possible transient presence of relativistic electrons with Lorentz factor 2 × 10⁶, synchrotron radiation component might even be extended into gamma ray frequency range during intermittent short time intervals.     

Strange quark matter and models of strange stars

In the framework of the MIT bag model we consider absolutely stable strange quark matter consisting of u, d, and s quarks and electrons. For a realistic range of parameters of the quark bag we compute the threshold density for the appearance of strange quark matter that is realized on the surface of self-sustaining strange stars. On the basis of twelve calculated equations of state we give a detailed study of the series of configurations of strange stars consistent with the best known observational data. We show that the binding energy of the models depends essentially on the quark-gluon interaction constant _c.Translated fromAstrofizika, Vol. 37, No. 3, 1994.The authors are grateful to E. V. Chubaryan and A. M. Atoyan for assistance in overcoming the information blockade. The present paper was written in the framework of area 46/101 93-353, supported by the Ministry of Higher Education and Science of the Republic of Armenia.     

Kinetics of peptide hydrolysis and amino acid decomposition at high temperature

Dipeptide hydrolysis and amino acid decomposition appear to follow a first-order rate law. The hydrolysis rate increases exponentially with increasing temperature in aqueous solution at both 265 atm and water steam pressures over the temperature range of 100 to 220 degrees C. Dipeptide hydrolysis has a lower apparent activation energy at 265 atm (44.1 KJ/mol) than at water steam pressure (98.9 KJ/mol). At lower temperatures (<200-220 degrees C), the rate of peptide bond hydrolysis is faster at 265 atm than at water steam pressure. At higher temperatures (>200-220 degrees C), however, peptide bond hydrolysis is slower at 265 atm than at water steam pressure. In aqueous solution, amino acid decomposition rates also increase exponentially with increasing temperature. Amino acid decomposition rates are much higher at 265 atm than at water steam pressure over the entire temperature range investigated.     

地铁施工对济南白泉泉群流量的影响

为研究地铁建设对济南白泉泉群的影响，在综合分析白泉泉域地质、水文地质条件的基础上，假定研究区岩溶强径流带位置及水力性质，利用FEFLOW软件建立地下水流数值模型。以规划地铁M1号线为研究对象，分析了济南东站、梁王站、梁王东站分别施工及3个站同时施工4种情景下，采用施工降水或施工降水+人工回灌两种施工方式对白泉泉群流量的影响。结果表明：单独采用施工降水的施工方式使得白泉泉群流量衰减，其中3个站同时施工对泉流量的影响最大，泉流量最大衰减达5.48%；各站分别施工时，济南东站对泉流量影响最大，泉流量较未施工时减少了0.043×10⁴ m³/d。采用施工降水+人工回灌的施工方式，能够有效缓解泉流量的衰减，各车站施工时的泉流量衰减由仅施工降水时的2.26%~5.48%降低至0.08%~1.21%。岩溶强径流带有利于地下水形成优势径流，促进白泉泉群补给，一定程度上缓解因地铁施工引起的泉流量衰减。     

The boundary value problem of Poisson’s equation with Stokes’ boundary condition

The following Poisson’s equation with the Stokes’ boundary condition is dealt with $$\left\{ \begin{gathered} \nabla ^2 T = - 4\pi Gp outside S, \hfill \\ \left. {\frac{{\partial T}}{{\partial h}} = \frac{1}{\gamma }\frac{{\partial y}}{{\partial h}}T} \right|_s = - \Delta g, \hfill \\ T = O\left( {r^{ - 3} } \right) at infinity, \hfill \\ \end{gathered} \right.$$ whereS is reference ellipsord. Under spherical approximation transformation, the ellipsoidal correction terms about the boundary condition, the equation and the density in the above BVP are respectively given. Therefore, the disturbing potentialT can he obtained if the magnitudes aboveO(ε⁴) are neglected.     

Investigation by backscatter radar of artificial irregularities produced in ionospheric plasma heating experiments

The artificial ionospheric turbulence occurs in the ionosphere illuminated by high power HF radio waves. There are a lot of irregularities stretched along the geomagnetic field in this region. The investigation of the artificially disturbed ionospheric region is based on the reception of back scattered signals (BSS) which permits the basic parameters of this region to be estimated and its inhomogeneous structure to be described.Experiments were carried out using ‘Sura’ heating facility in the frequency range of ? = 4.7–9 MHz (ordinary mode) with the effective radiated power P_eff = 50–70 MW beamed vertically upwards. The most important dynamic and statistical BSS characteristics (the built-up time, the relaxation and autocorrelation times, the BSS amplitude spatial correlation function and power spectra) were measured using probe waves in the frequency range of that made it possible to obtain the basic parameters of the artificial irregularities. The model representation of a disturbed region in a form of a periodic structure gives a possibity to evaluate the scale of the structure, the whole size of the disturbance and its power and to calculate the main BSS characteristics.     

The appearance of polarization in radiation from hot stars due to the faraday rotation effect as a possible method of determining stellar magnetic fields

The effect of Faraday rotation is shown to lead to the appearance of linear polarization of stellar radiation scattered in an optically-thin circumstellar electron-magnetized shell, even in the case when the shell is spherical. The spectral dependence of the polarization degree is evaluated for scattering in (i) a spherically-symmetric magnetized shell with a power-law radial dependence of the electron density, and (ii) a non-spherical ellipsoidal uniform envelope. The position of maximum in the polarization spectrum permits us to determine the magnetic field magnitude on a star surface. If the rotational and magnetic axes do not coincide, the periodic variability of the polarization will be observed with the period of stellar rotation. Some Be-stars, such as Cas, 48 Lib, EW Lac, Aqr, HD 45677, X Per, are proposed as candidates to be investigated for magnetic fields, as well as some stars of the T Tau-type. This method may be also applied to supernovae shells.