日侧极光弧的发光强度与沉降电子能谱的相关关系

本文利用中国北极黄河站多波段全天空极光观测数据,选取稳定的日侧极光弧,统计研究了极光强度比I_(557.7)/I_(630.0)与极光发光强度I_(557.7)的相关关系.发现I_(557.7)在午前暖点和午后热点区附近出现极大值,分别为2.2kR和2.9 kR;而I_(630.0)在磁正午出现极大值,为1.5kR.当I_(557.7)从0.1kR增加到10kR时,极光强度比I_(557.7)/I_(630.0)也由0.2增加到9.结合DMSP卫星探测的沉降粒子能谱数据,找到17个DMSP卫星穿越黄河站上空极光弧的事件,共穿越40条极光弧.得到了沉降电子的平均能量正比于极光强度比I_(557.7)/I_(630.0),沉降电子的总能通量正相关于极光强度I_(557.7)的关系式.利用该关系式反演所有极光弧的电子能谱,发现在午前和午后扇区,产生极光弧的沉降电子主要来源于等离子体片边界层;在高纬出现强度较弱的弧,对应等离子体幔区域.在磁正午附近,沉降电子的平均能量较低,极光弧处于低纬一侧,粒子源区主要是低纬边界层.     

强震记录对三个土层地震反应分析程序的检验

为了对国内外广泛使用的3个一维土层地震反应分析程序（DENSOR98、SHAKE91和LSSRLI-1）的计算精度进行检验,本文以4次地震中唐山响瞠井下三维台阵的基岩强震记录为输入地震动,利用这3个程序对此测井剖面分别进行计算,计算结果分别与同次地震中相应的台阵地表强震记录相比较,可得如下结论：在地震动不大的情况下,3个程序都可满足工程要求,其差别为SHAKE91算得的峰值偏大,DENSOR98算得的峰值偏小,LSSRLI-1得到的反应谱更接近实际,DENSOR98得到的反应谱偏低,从安全角度和经济角度综合来看,LSSRLI-1程序较好。     

基于GIS分析的泰安市地质灾害风险评价

泰安市地处鲁中山区,山地丘陵广泛分布,崩塌、滑坡、泥石流和岩溶塌陷等地质灾害较为发育。本次研究依托新一轮1∶5万地质灾害风险普查,基于ArcGIS平台空间分析功能对高精度DEM、构造、工程地质和水文地质、降雨及植被等数据分析和提取,利用信息量法和层次分析法分别对崩滑泥石流和岩溶塌陷易发性评价,以降雨作为危险性评价因子,综合考虑人口和经济因素选择用地类型作为易损性条件进行风险区划,最终划分为地质灾害风险高、中、低3个等级,为今后有效开展自然灾害综合防治、衔接国土空间规划和保障经济社会可持续发展提供基础依据。     

不同附着基对毛蚶幼虫附着变态影响的研究

研究对比了5种不同类型的附着基对毛蚶(Scapharca subcrenata)幼虫附着变态的影响。研究发现,聚乙烯网片、红棕帘、波纹板附着基的附苗量显著优于尼龙窗纱和棉布附着基。竖直放置的附着基上附苗量优于水平放置,竖直放置的附着基上、中、下三层苗种附着量也有显著差异,下层苗种附着量显著优于上层和中层。此外,通过比较三种不同颜色的附着基上毛蚶幼虫的附着量,表明深颜色的聚乙烯网片(黑色)较浅颜色的网片(绿色和白色)吸引更多的幼虫附着。因此,在生产过程中通过使用深颜色的聚乙烯网片,并将其放置于水体的中下部将会提高幼虫的附着量,从而获得稳定高效的育苗效果。     

Predicting long-term urban growth in Beijing (China) with new factors and constraints of environmental change under integrated stochastic and fuzzy uncertainties

Numerous studies related to the simulation and prediction of urban growth to address land-use and land-cover (LULC) changes have been conducted in recent years, but very few have considered the impact of climate change, flooding impact, government relocation, corridor cities, and long-term rainfall variations simultaneously. To bridge the gap, this study predicts possible future LULC changes for 2030 and 2050 in Beijing (China), since Beijing is one of the fastest-growing megacities in the world. The proposed integrated modeling analysis covers four key scenarios to reflect the influences of different factors and constraints on LULC changes, in which cellular automata, Markov chain, and multi-criteria evaluation are fully coupled. While fuzzy membership function was used to address the uncertainty associated with the decision analysis, Markov chain, which is regarded as a stochastic process, was applied to predict future urban growth pathways. In addition, a statistical downscaling model driven by possible climate change scenarios was employed to address long-term rainfall variations in Beijing, China. This study differs from previous ones for Beijing in terms of not only the effects of climate change and flooding impact but also the newly-developed economic free trade zone in Xiong’an and the central government’s plan to relocate to the Tongzhou district. Findings indicate that there is no marked difference in LULC over the four key scenarios. Compared to the baseline LULC in 2010, the predicted results indicate that urban expansion is expected to increase more than 6 and 11% in 2030 and 2050, respectively.     

From the editors

正Dear Members of the Editorial Board,Contributors and Friends,2018 is the tenth anniversary of the Wenchuan earthquake disaster.To commemorate the Wenchuan earthquake disaster,the journal of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration(EEEV)will publish special sections with invited papers in the issues of 2018(January,April and July).We sincerely appreciate the contributions from the following experts:Professor Xilin Lu,Professor Michel Bruneau,Professor Baitao Sun,and Professor Gian Paolo Cimellaro.     

辽宁地震前兆台网观测数据跟踪分析探讨

地震前兆台网跟踪分析工作的展开,推进前兆台网从观测向观测、应用并重的转变,强化观测数据质量产出,发挥其观测数据在震情监视、地震会商中的作用,使监测与预报更好的结合,有利于服务地震监测和科学研究。统计了2014年以来的前兆跟踪分析不明原因数据资料和预报研究中心地震会商数据资料,通过对比研究,试图探索跟踪分析新的数据记录方式。     

澜沧江中下游泥沙微表面电荷特性与磷吸附关系研究

河流泥沙是水生态系统生源要素的重要附着载体,其微形貌及电荷特性直接关系着泥沙对溶解态营养盐或污染物的吸附能力。本研究选取澜沧江中下游干流及主要支流为考察对象,采集28个河流水库断面的悬移质泥沙,采用原子力显微镜测定泥沙微表面电荷量,探究澜沧江泥沙的微表面电荷性质,研究纳米尺度下泥沙的微表面特性。研究结果表明:(1)微观界面,形貌对表面电荷分布影响明显,在纳米尺度下电势图与相位差图均展现出明显非均匀分布特征;(2)在流域分布上,不同区域表面电荷存在较大差异,流域沿程变化对泥沙表面电荷产生重要影响,总体变化呈现先减小后增大的趋势,表面电势值变化范围为-201.47～35.34 mV,表面电荷密度范围为0.07～3.65 mC/m²,不同区域电荷特性差别明显;(3)在梯级水电筑坝影响下,坝上坝下泥沙颗粒电势差与水库库容存在较好的线性相关关系,相关系数为0.8214,且坝下电势普遍高于坝上区域;(4)泥沙表面电势与磷吸附之间具有较强相关性,其相关系数为0.6657,同时表现出较好的线性拟合关系。研究结论对深入理解水电大坝建设对流域内污染物的迁移转化及解释泥沙的表面电性特征...     

Assessment of terrain elevation derived from satellite laser altimetry over mountainous forest areas using airborne lidar data

Gaussian decomposition has been used to extract terrain elevation from waveforms of the satellite lidar GLAS (Geoscience Laser Altimeter System), on board ICESat (Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite). The common assumption is that one of the extracted Gaussian peaks, especially the lowest one, corresponds to the ground. However, Gaussian decomposition is usually complicated due to the broadened signals from both terrain and objects above over sloped areas. It is a critical and pressing research issue to quantify and understand the correspondence between Gaussian peaks and ground elevation. This study uses ～2000 km² airborne lidar data to assess the lowest two GLAS Gaussian peaks for terrain elevation estimation over mountainous forest areas in North Carolina. Airborne lidar data were used to extract not only ground elevation, but also terrain and canopy features such as slope and canopy height. Based on the analysis of a total of ～500 GLAS shots, it was found that (1) the lowest peak tends to underestimate ground elevation; terrain steepness (slope) and canopy height have the highest correlation with the underestimation, (2) the second to the lowest peak is, on average, closer to the ground elevation over mountainous forest areas, and (3) the stronger peak among the lowest two is closest to the ground for both open terrain and mountainous forest areas. It is expected that this assessment will shed light on future algorithm improvements and/or better use of the GLAS products for terrain elevation estimation.     

数字化测绘技术在公路改扩建中的应用

主要对现有公路改扩建中的数字化勘测及数字化设计进行了探讨,首先概述了湖南梅城公路改扩建项目背景,然后对数字摄影测量、GPS-RTK三维路基数据获取以及数字路基模型及与地面模型叠加等方面进行了论述,最后指出了生成1:2000三维数字地形图用于纸上定线和建立数字地面模型,能够达到公路改扩建带状图绘测精度的要求。