皱纹盘鲍野生与养殖群体微卫星标记遗传变异研究

采用7个微卫星标记对辽宁大连、山东烟台、荣城、崂山和胶南5个皱纹盘鲍养殖群体,以及山东长岛、荣城、日本岩手、韩国仁川4个皱纹盘鲍野生群体进行了群体遗传多样性与遗传分化的研究.结果表明,从等位基因数与杂合度上分析,养殖群体(N=8.0～9.4,He=0.754～0.787)遗传多样性显著低于野生群体(N=11.3～15.0,He=0.821～0.866);等位基因频率分布揭示出野生群体中一些稀有等位基因在养殖群体中有所丢失;亲鲍选用数量少与性别比例不均衡可能是产生养殖群体中遗传多样性显著减少的原因.通过对等位基因频率比较分析,5个养殖群体之间以及养殖群体与野生群体之间观察到显著差异的Fst与Rst值,野生群体之间日本群体Fst与Rst值与其他3个野生群体差异显著,群体间存在遗传分化;养殖群体间遗传距离与地理距离不相关,可能是皱纹盘鲍育苗过程中亲鲍和苗种频繁交流所造成的结果;日本群体与其他3个野生群体间存在显著遗传分化与皱纹盘鲍短暂的浮游期与有限的扩散能力有关.     

单环刺螠纤溶酶的分离纯化及其性质的初步研究

从单环刺中制得单一组分的纤溶活性纤溶酶,并对其性质进行初步研究.单环刺体组织液经离心,超滤,离子交换层析,凝胶过滤等方法进行分离纯化,制得单一洗脱峰酶组分,经Native-PAGE电泳分析,SDS-PAGE电泳分析和飞行质谱分析,鉴定了酶制品纯度和相对分子量,进行了体外溶血栓试验.所得纯品UFEIa水解酪蛋白的比活力为442.0 U/mg,纯化倍数为12.1倍,回收率为27.0%.UFEIa为单一组分,相对分子量约23 800 Da.体外溶血栓实验表明此纤溶活性蛋白酶与蚓激酶相比具有很好的溶血栓活性.     

Cloning and sequence analysis of a full-length cDNA of <Emphasis Type="Italic">SmPP1cb</Emphasis> encoding turbot protein phosphatase 1 beta catalytic subunit

Reversible protein phosphorylation, catalyzed by protein kinases and phosphatases, is an important and versatile mechanism by which eukaryotic cells regulate almost all the signaling processes. Protein phosphatase 1 （PP1） is the first and well-characterized member of the protein serine/threonine phosphatase family. In the present study, a full-length cDNA encoding the beta isoform of the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase l（PPlcb）, was for the first time isolated and sequenced from the skin tissue of flatfish turbot Scophthalmus maximus, designated SmPPlcb, by the rapid amplification of cDNA ends （RACE） technique. The cDNA sequence of SmPPlcb we obtained contains a 984 bp open reading frame （ORF）, flanked by a complete 39 bp 5＇ untranslated region and 462 bp 3＇ untranslated region. The ORF encodes a putative 327 amino acid protein, and the N-terminal section of this protein is highly acidic, Met-Ala-Glu-Gly-Glu-Leu-Asp-Val-Asp, a common feature for PP1 catalytic subunit but absent in protein phosphatase 2B （PP2B）. And its calculated molecular mass is 37 193 Da and pI 5.8. Sequence analysis indicated that, SmPPlcb is extremely conserved in both amino acid and nucleotide acid levels compared with the PPlcb of other vertebrates and invertebrates, and its Kozak motif contained in the 5＇UTR around ATG start codon is GXXAXXGXXATGG, which is different from mammalian in two positions A6 and G3, indicating the possibility of different initiation of translation in turbot, and also the 3＇UTR of SmPPlcb is highly diverse in the sequence similarity and length compared with other animals, especially zebraf＇lsh. The cloning and sequencing of SmPPlcb gene lays a good foundation for the future work on the biological functions of PP1 in the flatfish turbot.     

Microsatellite Variation in the Oyster Crassostreaplicatula Along the Coast of China

Genetic diversity and differentiation of the oyster Crassostreaplicatula populations from China's coast were studied basedon seven microsatellite loci.All loci showed high polymorphism for all five C.plicatula populations,with an average number of alleleper locus of 19.3-27.9 and an average expected heterozygosity of 0.889-0.952.Significant departures from Hardy-Weinberg equilib-rium and deficits of heterozygotes were observed over most populations at each locus,which were fully explained by null alleles.Microsatellite analysis revealed significant subdivision in the C.plicatula populations.According to the neighbor-joining tree con-structed on the basis of the D,A distance,the five populations fell into three regional groups,showing a relatively homogeneous geneticstructure in geographically close populations.Assignation tests correctly assigned high percentages of individuals to their originalpopulations and groups,and also confirmed the existence of genetic differentiation among C.plicatula populations.The results ob-tained in this study will facilitate the formulation of appropriate fisheries management programs,stock identification and conservationof biodiversity for the species.     

裂陷盆地中的构造变换带及其石油地质意义

构造变换带是裂陷盆地中的重要构造变形。讨论了构造变换带的含义、类型及对油气聚集的意义。裂陷盆地主干正断层之间的几何关系可以分为同向倾斜、背向倾斜和相向倾斜共3种组合方式;正断层之间的构造变换方式可以分为缓冲式、接力式、消长式、传递式和消减式等5种形式,构成15种类型的构造变换带。不同方式的断裂组合所形成的不同构造变换带类型会随着主干正断层位移的渐进增大发生相应的转变。构造变换带是有利的油气聚集区带:(1)它常常是主边界断裂带上地形高差变化较小的部位,是主要碎屑物源注入裂陷盆地的入口处,有利于发育储集层;(2)长期处于盆地内部相对高的构造部位,而且近邻生油凹陷,是油气运移指向区带;(3)它是裂陷盆地构造变形相对复杂的区带,有利于发育多种样式的油气圈闭。     

Dynamic stress concentration of an elliptical cavity in a semi-elliptical hill under SH-waves

The method of wave-function expansion in elliptical coordinates,elliptical cosine half-range expansion and Mathieu function were applied to obtain an exact analytical solution of the dynamic stress concentration factor(DSCF)around an elliptical cavity in a shallow,semi-elliptical hill.An infinite system of simultaneous linear equations for solving this problem was established by substituting the wave expression obtained by the Mathieu function including the standing wave expression of elliptical lining given herein into the boundary condition obtained by the region-matching method.The finite equations system with unknown coefficients obtained by truncation were solved numerically,and the results in the case of an ellipse degenerating into a circle were compared with previous results to verify the accuracy of the method.The effects of different aspect ratios,incident wave angles and aperture ratios on the dynamic stress concentration around the elliptical cavity were described.Some numerical results,when the elliptical hill was changed into a circular one,were analyzed and compared in detail.In engineering,this model can be regarded as a semi-cylindrical hill with an elliptical cylindrical unlined tunnel under the action of SH waves,and the results are significant in aseismic design.     

背景流在内孤立波对小直径桩柱作用力中的影响

本文首先采用GK-dV方程,在考虑背景流和未考虑背景流2种情况下,对南海东北部向西传播的大振幅内孤立波进行了模拟。通过对比两组结果,发现背景流的引入,会使内孤立波的传播速度变快、波形变窄、振幅变大,以及波致流变强。然后,采用Morison’s公式计算了内孤立波对小直径桩柱的作用力和力矩,通过对比,发现在引入背景流后,作用力和力矩均变大,作用力增大9.0%,力矩增大32.5%,因此背景流在内孤立波对小直径桩柱的作用力中有着重要的影响。     

Parametric study for underwater blast-induced pipeline response embedded in marine sediments

Abstract

Blast response of submerged pipelines has been a research focus in recent years. In this article, a three-dimensional numerical model is established to investigate dynamic response of pipelines due to underwater explosion. The u–p approximation is integrated into finite element method (FEM) to simulate pore water effect in the seabed. Numerical continuity between hydraulic pressure in the flow field and pore pressure in the marine sediment is guaranteed to realize the blast response of submerged pipelines in ocean environment. Both fluid–structure interaction (FSI) and pipeline–seabed interaction (PSI) have been considered in the proposed model simultaneously. A comprehensive parametric study is carried out after validation of the present model with test data from underground explosion and underwater explosion, respectively. The effect of embedment depth, TNT equivalent, stand-off distance, pipeline diameter, and pipeline thickness to blast response of the submerged pipelines is investigated based on numerical results. Variation of deformation patterns and stress distribution of the pipeline with various installation and structure parameters has been illustrated and discussed to facilitate engineering practice.     

2种罗非鱼加工下脚料产物替代秘鲁鱼粉养殖奥尼罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus×O.aureus)稚鱼效果评价

采用传统养殖试验方法进行了评价罗非鱼加工下脚料制备的2种产物替代秘鲁鱼粉在奥尼罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus×O.aureus)稚鱼实用日粮中的效果研究。实验设计了3种等蛋白质(33.8%)、等能量(16.50MJ/kg)左右的实用实验日粮,对照组与试验组1、2日粮中分别添加秘鲁鱼粉、罗非鱼加工下脚料产物制备的酶解小肽和鱼粉。实验结果表明,实验期间(63d)各实验组鱼均无死亡;添加罗非鱼鱼粉组鱼的特定生长率和饲料效益均显著性低于秘鲁鱼粉组(P0.05),而添加罗非鱼酶解小肽组鱼的特定生长率和饲料效益均高于秘鲁鱼粉组,但2组间无显著性差异(P0.05);实验各组鱼的肝体比和肠脂比,鱼体水分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗灰分、氨基酸比例与脂肪酸比例均无显著性差异(P0.05)。本实验认为,在奥尼罗非鱼幼鱼罗非鱼实用日粮中罗非鱼酶解小肽可以替代秘鲁鱼粉,但罗非鱼鱼粉养殖效果较秘鲁鱼粉差。