谈大数据时代的“云控制”摄影测量

在当今大数据时代,影像数据采集方式的多样化、高效化、便捷化产生的摄影测量影像大数据需要高效、自动与智能的处理。然而,作为传统摄影测量几何定位主要控制数据的外业控制点,其获取的复杂性与低效性仍然是制约摄影测量处理效率的关键因素。针对该问题,本文提出了"云控制"摄影测量的概念,以带有地理空间信息的数据作为几何控制替代外业控制点,通过自动匹配(或配准)获取大量密集的控制信息;并介绍了基于影像、矢量和LiDAR点云的3种"云控制"摄影测量技术;最后对"云控制"摄影测量的应用前景进行了展望并对其问题进行了讨论。     

高灵敏度机载L波段微波辐射计探测海表盐度

海水盐度是研究大洋环流和全球气候变化的重要参数,L波段(1400-1427MHz)微波辐射计是进行海水盐度遥感的最有效工具.在该频段内,微波辐射亮度温度对海水盐度变化的灵敏度为0.5K/psu,而用于海洋研究的盐度分辨率为0.1-0.2psu,要求微波辐射计的灵敏度优于0.1K.高灵敏度机载L波段微波辐射计,应用数字增益波动自动补偿和温度补偿技术,保证了系统的稳定性,并采用高效的滤波技术有效地抑制了全球定位信号(GPS)对接收机的干扰,灵敏度达到0.08K.进行了多次航空和海上对比遥感试验,获得了分辨率优于0.2psu、误差精度0.42psu的测量结果.     

基于整体最小二乘法的线性回归建模和解法

对基于自变量和因变量误差的回归问题进行了进一步研究,证明了两种方法的实质并未解决同时考虑自变量和因变量的误差问题,其解算结果和不考虑自变量误差的解算结果完全相同。给出了能同时顾及自变量和因变量误差的新的回归模型,并推导了具体的解算方法。算例结果和基于矩阵分解的整体最小二乘法解算方法的结果相同,说明了本文方法的正确性。     

Excel VBA在测量数据处理中的应用

Excel是office办公软件中的一个组件,而VBA是office应用程序共享的一种通用的自动化语言,可以使常用的office应用程序自动化,并可以创建自定义的解决方案。本文对Excel2003的数据处理功能进行分析,论述通过Excel2003的VBA编辑器创建"宏"功能实现测量数据处理的优点;并结合道路工程中桩坐标及其放样数据计算实例,给出了通过VBA编程进行测量数据处理的方法。     

基于GPS技术监测高层建筑物变形的研究

以武汉大学信息学部教学实验大楼为实验对象,分析了大楼在N、E、U方向上的每h变化、d变化及变形规律,阐明GPS技术在高层建筑变形监测中的应用。     

汶川地震灾区无人机遥感影像获取与可视化管理系统研究

介绍无人机遥感影像获取、纠正、配准及可视化管理的关键技术与系统研发.论文设计无人机影像获取及三维可视化管理系统的框架结构,包括航迹规划、无人机影像获取、影像预处理及三维可视化4个子系统;讨论了基于高分辨率遥感影像的无人机影像配准、无人机影像的空间索引管理、基于四叉树的影像金字塔及细节层次模型等关键技术.基于自主研发的虚拟地理环境数字地球平台(VGE-3DGJobeEanh),构建了汶川地震应急三维可视化遥感影像管理系统,在"5·12"汶川地震的救援与次生灾害应急中进行了实践应用.同时该系统可继续服务于汶川地震灾后重建的信息共享管理、发布以及空间决策支持.     

Accuracy assessment of lidar-derived digital elevation models

Despite the relatively high cost of airborne lidar-derived digital elevation models (DEMs), such products are usually presented without a satisfactory associated estimate of accuracy. For the most part, DEM accuracy estimates are typically provided by comparing lidar heights against a finite sample of check point coordinates from an independent source of higher accuracy, supposing a normal distribution of the derived height differences or errors. This paper proposes a new methodology to assess the vertical accuracy of lidar DEMs using confidence intervals constructed from a finite sample of errors computed at check points. A non-parametric approach has been tested where no particular error distribution is assumed, making the proposed methodology especially applicable to non-normal error distributions of the type usually found in DEMs derived from lidar. The performance of the proposed model was experimentally validated using Monte Carlo simulation on 18 vertical error data-sets. Fifteen of these data-sets were computed from original lidar data provided by the International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing Working Group III/3, using their respective filtered reference data as ground truth. The three remaining data-sets were provided by the Natural Environment Research Council's Airborne Research and Survey Facility lidar system, together with check points acquired using high precision kinematic GPS. The results proved promising, the proposed models reproducing the statistical behaviour of vertical errors of lidar using a favourable number of check points, even in the cases of data-sets with non-normally distributed residuals. This research can therefore be considered as a potentially important step towards improving the quality control of lidar-derived DEMs.