Carbon budgets of three temperate forest ecosystems in Dongling Mt.,Beijing,China

There is a general agreement that forest ecosystems in the Northern Hemisphere function as signifi-cant sinks for atmospheric CO2; however, their magnitude and distribution remain large uncertainties. In this paper, we report the carbon (C) stock and its change of vegetation, forest floor detritus, and mineral soil, annual net biomass increment and litterfall production, and respiration of vegetation and soils between 1992 to 1994, for three temperate forest ecosystems, birch (Betula platyphylla) forest, oak (Quercus liaotungensis) forest and pine (Pinus tabulaeformis) plantation in Mt. Dongling, Beijing, China. We then evaluate the C budgets of these forest ecosystems. Our results indicated that total C density (organic C per hectare) of these forests ranged from 250 to 300 t C ha-1, of which 35―54 t C ha-1 from vegetation biomass C and 209―244 t C ha-1 from soil organic C (1 m depth, including forest floor detritus). Biomass C of all three forests showed a net increase, with 1.33―3.55 t C ha-1 a-1 during the study period. Litterfall production, vegetation autotrophic respiration, and soil heterotrophic respira-tion were estimated at 1.63―2.34, 2.19―6.93, and 1.81―3.49 t C ha-1 a-1, respectively. Ecosystem gross primary production fluctuated between 5.39 and 12.82 t C ha-1 a-1, about half of which (46%―59%, 3.20―5.89 t C ha-1 a-1) was converted to net primary production. Our results suggested that pine forest fixed C of 4.08 t ha-1 a-1, whereas secondary forests (birch and oak forest) were nearly in balance in CO2 exchange between the atmosphere and ecosystems.     

南海北部潮汕坳陷侏罗系古地貌特征及沉积相模式

南海北部潮汕坳陷中生界极具油气勘探潜力;综合运用最新采集的地震资料结合测井数据,在侏罗纪地层精细划分的基础上,通过对目的层剥蚀量计算,对侏罗系古地貌进行了恢复;利用残留地层的沉积相标志分析结果,建立了潮汕坳陷侏罗系沉积模式。结果表明,在早侏罗世末期和中侏罗世末期,地层遭受剥蚀改造;古地貌各要素对沉积体系发育的影响,古隆起（凸起）指明了沉积物的来源和方向;古海底峡谷是沉积物从物源区搬运到沉积区的重要运移通道;斜坡带为重要的沉积场所,并对储层的品质和规模有巨大影响,制约着盆地可容纳空间的大小;盆底的地貌形态控制着沉积体形态和产状。研究结果表明,古地貌恢复后的各要素在时空上的有效配置关系是准确把握沉积体系展布特征及范围的关键因素,对沉积储层及烃源岩的控制作用非常明显。该结论对侏罗系下一步勘探及有利储层预测有积极意义。     

青海南山俯冲型侵入体LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年及其地质意义

青海南山侵入体岩石类型为二长花岗岩、花岗闪长岩及英云闪长岩,具俯冲型花岗岩类的地球化学特征。通过高精度的LA-ICP-MS(激光剥蚀等离子体质谱)单颗粒锆石微区U-Pb同位素年龄测定,分别在二长花岗岩、花岗闪长岩及英云闪长岩中获得446.1±3.5Ma、447.2±5.3Ma、443.6±8.6Ma的锆石U-Pb年龄值,为成岩年龄,代表了加里东运动在祁连造山带的地质记录。3种不同岩石类型的成岩年龄可能代表了拉脊山造山带向南俯冲的时代。青海南山地区俯冲型侵入体的形成时代及构造环境的确定,对研究拉脊山造山带的构造演化及动力学机制具有重要意义。     

A New Species of Septuconularia (Hexangulaconulariidae, Cnidaria) from Cambrian Stage 2, South China

Hexangulaconulariids, an extinct family of medusozoan small shelly fossils (SSFs), were a conspicuous component of early Cambrian, shallow marine platform communities in South China. Described herein is Septuconularia crassiformis sp. nov. from Bed 5 of the Yanjiahe Formation (Cambrian Stage 2) in the Three Gorges area of Hubei Province. The new species differs from the type and only other known species, S. yanjiaheensis, in the shape of the abapical portion and in the degree of curvature of the adapertural margin. The anatomy of the apical portion of the new species is unknown. The diagnosis of the genus Septuconularia is emended and the spatio-temporal distribution of hexangulaconulariids in South China is summarized. Finally, S. yanjiaheensis, with its slit-like aperture and very narrow transverse cross-section, may have been better adapted to the shallow platform environment than the broader S. crassiformis, which appears to have been less common than the type species.     

基于响应曲面法研究亚硝酸盐与养殖密度对吉富罗非鱼幼鱼生长与肝脏抗氧化力的影响

采用中心复合实验设计(CCD)和响应曲面方法(RSM),在实验室条件下探讨了亚硝酸盐(0.02—2.8mg/L)和养殖密度(1—5尾/10L)对吉富罗非鱼幼鱼生长和肝脏抗氧化指标(MDA含量,SOD与CAT活力)的联合影响。整个实验周期持续35d。结果显示,本实验条件下,亚硝酸盐和密度的一次效应和密度的二次效应对特定生长率有极显著影响(P0.01),特定生长率随着亚硝酸盐或密度的上升呈先上升后下降的变化。亚硝酸盐与养殖密度之间存在互作效应(P0.05)。亚硝酸盐浓度和养殖密度分别为1.65mg/L和3.28尾/10L时,肝脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活力同时较高。亚硝酸盐与养殖密度的一次效应对MDA含量和两种酶活力均有显著影响(P0.05),二次效应对两种酶活力的表达有极显著影响(P0.01);亚硝酸盐与密度对SOD和CAT活力有互作效应,高浓度亚硝酸盐与高密度环境会抑制SOD和CAT活力的表达,增加肝脏MDA含量。因子与响应值间二次多项回归方程的决定系数分别达到0.9384、0.9004、0.9520和0.9650(P0.01),可用于响应值预测;亚硝酸盐含量比养殖密度对养殖鱼的生长影响更为明显。建议在罗非鱼集约化养殖中,保持溶氧充足,降低氧化胁迫,提高罗非鱼的生长与抗氧化力。     

龙泉市鼎丰壹城大直径钻孔桩施工难点与对策

龙泉市鼎丰壹城桩基项目主要有桩径大、单桩极限承载力大等特点,最大桩径达2400 mm,单桩竖向极限承载力达89600 kN,建筑领域参考经验较少。本桩基工程主要面临砂层和卵石层易塌孔、入岩难和沉渣清理困难等三大挑战。结合国内桥梁、铁路桩基施工经验,通过增加砂层和卵石层稳定性、采用分级扩孔和孔底除渣等关键技术,针对性解决现场施工难题。灌注桩达到龄期后,经现场检测,施工完成的桩大多为I类桩。通过对本工程施工经验的总结,为大直径旋挖钻孔灌注桩在建筑领域的应用提供借鉴。     

2.5Ma以来黄土稳定同位素记录的植被及夏季风变化

洛川剖面2.5Ma以来有机碳同位素组成显示δ13 C值的变化范围为-18.7%～-23.5‰;剖面有机碳同位素变化可分为3个阶段,均与磁化率曲线对应且呈现一致的冰期-间冰期波动。表明研究区第四纪以来主要为C3植物为主的C3、C4混合草原植被类型;黄土序列有机碳同位素δ13 C值对应磁化率曲线在冰期—间冰期尺度上较好地记录了夏季风强度变化;与段家坡和渭南剖面有机碳结果对比显示,2.5Ma以来3个剖面在构造尺度上均出现了两次明显的转变。     

滇池蓝藻对沉水植物生长的影响

本文通过模拟生态系统和大型试验围隔,研究了蓝藻(Cycanobateria)胁迫下的蓖齿眼子菜(Potamogeton pectinatus)和竹叶眼子菜(Potamogeton malaianus)生长情况．模拟生态系统研究结果表明,蓖齿眼子菜生长受蓝藻的影响不大,其在有大量蓝藻胁迫的水体中生长22d后,生物量为试验初始时的91．6％,在没有蓝藻胁迫的水体中,其生物量增加了27．7％,差异不显著;而竹叶眼子菜生长受蓝藻影响显著,在有蓝藻胁迫的水体中生长22d后,其生物量下降了57．1％,在没有蓝藻胁迫的水体中,其生物量增加了24．1％．野外10hm^2大型围隔栽种试验结果显示,在有蓝藻胁迫条件下蓖齿眼子菜生长良好,经过5个月生长其覆盖率达到60％,而竹叶眼子菜几乎全部死亡．综合上述两方面试验结果表明蓖齿眼子菜耐受蓝藻胁迫的能力比竹叶眼子菜强．     

中国东北诺敏河火山岩石圈变形:来自剪切波分裂的证据

中国东北新生代板内火山广泛发育,其中诺敏河火山由于上地幔结构研究的匮乏,火山成因尚不明确.利用布设在诺敏河火山周围的40个流动台站所记录到的远震剪切波数据,测量得到82对各向异性参数和219个无效分裂结果.结果表明,研究区快慢波延迟时间变化范围为0.4～1.4s,平均0.78±0.21s;各向异性快波方向范围为N77°W—N18°E,绝大多数快波方向集中在N6.9°W±9.87°,平行于中生代晚期岩石圈伸展变形方向,推测由残留在岩石圈中的化石各向异性所引起.同时,在火山中心及周边部分台站,只观测到无效分裂而没有观测到有效分裂结果,可能是由于残存在岩石圈内的古老形变被上涌的热地幔物质所侵蚀.     

Territorial suitability assessment and function zoning in the Jiuzhaigou earthquake-stricken area

An earthquake in the Jiuzhaigou area caused numerous secondary disasters, such as rolling stones, land collapse, landslides and debris flow, which badly affected the safety of human settlements and influenced the spatial layout of the post-disaster reconstruction. Therefore, carrying out assessments of land and identifying a suitable zone for human habitats were very important. This research creates the territorial suitability assessment and function zoning conceptual model in the earthquake-stricken area, and the new methods of the territorial suitability evaluation system were used to divide the spatial functional zones of the earthquake stricken area, which provide a theoretical guidance and decisionmaking basis for the reconstruction of the disaster area. The results showed that:(1) The Jiuzhaigou earthquake-stricken area comprises of an ecological area that has a high level of importance to the ecosystem. In the earthquake-stricken area, 65% of national land is at an altitude of 3000-4000 m, and therefore not suitable for a high level of intensive reconstruction, but reconstructed in an eco-friendly manner.(2) The zone suitable for reconstruction comprises mainly of the river valley and the flat terrain of western parts. The land with low suitability is mainly located on steep terrain, such as highmountains and low gullies. The geographic and geomorphic conditions limit the spread of a suitable reconstruction zone.(3) The earthquake-stricken area mainly comprises of a tourism industry gathering area, population gathering area, agriculture and animal husbandry development area, and ecological preservation area with areas of 76 km^2, 44 km^2, 1591 km^2 and 7512 km^2, respectively. Scientifically zoning the reconstruction areas using scientific evaluation may provide guidance for the location of reconstruction sites.