CCM3模式中LSM积雪方案的改进研究(Ⅰ):修改方案介绍及其单点试验

为了改进美国NCARCCM3全球模式中LSM陆面模型中的积雪方案的模拟效果,在Sun等[1]SAST积雪模型的基础上,作了部分修改后,加进CCM3模式LSM模型中.该方案根据格点区域平均积雪深度的不同,把地面雪盖划分为1到3层不等,能在积雪表层和中间层更好地描述温度的日变化和季节变化;较详细地考虑了雪的热传导、太阳辐射的穿透吸收、雪的融化、液态水的储存、渗透和再冻结等积雪内部的主要物理过程;根据Nimbus-7卫星实测雪深资料修改了积雪覆盖度和雪面反照率的计算方案.利用前苏联6个台站1978-1983年的实测积雪资料和大气强迫数据,进行了单点模拟试验,结果表明,新的积雪参数化方案能够较好地再现积雪深度和雪水当量的逐日和季节变化特征,部分提高了积雪参数化方案对积雪的模拟能力.     

基于统一强度理论深埋圆形隧道围岩的剪胀分析

基于连续介质理论中岩体的剪胀角与围压和塑性剪切应变密切相关,隧洞周边岩体的应力状态因开挖卸荷而发生应力重分布,迫使其围压由原地应力逐渐衰减,塑性剪切应变不断增加,引起剪胀效应呈非线性变化。首先,基于统一强度理论和非关联流动法则,将潜在塑性区围岩按等围压释放划分为若干同心圆,提出了考虑中间主应力和非线性剪胀性的有限差分法,计算应变软化围岩的力学问题,并以实例验证其正确性。其次,通过参数分析,研究塑性区内岩体的剪胀角受中间主应力、临界软化系数和支护力的影响规律。研究结果表明,中间主应力主要影响剪胀角的峰值,随着中间主应力效应增加,剪胀峰值增加;临界软化系数主要影响剪胀角的变化率,随着临界软化系数的增加,剪胀角变化缓慢;中间主应力和临界软化系数共同影响塑性区剪胀角的变化;随着支护力的增加,洞壁处的剪胀角增加;双剪强度理论计算的位移值较小,应谨慎采用,同时采用Mohr-Coulomb强度准则时可以适当考虑围岩的承载潜力。     

Recognition of Early Paleozoic Magmatisms in the Supposed Proterozoic Basements of Zhalantun, Great Xing’an Range, NE China

The Zhalantun terrane from the Xing'an massif, northeast China, was used to be considered as Proterozoic basements. However, amounts of detrital zircon ages from the meta-sedimentary rocks deny the existence of Precambrian basements recently. Notably, magmatic rocks were barely reported to limit the exact ages of the Zhalantun basements. In this study, we collected rhyolite, gabbro and quartz diorite for zircon in-situ U-Pb isotopic dating, which yield crystallization ages of ～505 Ma, ～447 Ma and ～125 Ma, respectively. Muscovite schist and siltstone define maximum depositional ages of ～499 Ma and ～489 Ma, respectively. Additionally, these dated supracrustal rocks and plutons also yield ancient detrital/xenocryst zircon ages of ～600–1000 Ma, ～1600–2220 Ma, ～2400 Ma, ～2600–2860 Ma. Based on the whole-rock major and trace element compositions, the ～505 Ma rhyolites display high SiO_2 and alkaline contents, low Fe_2O_3T, TiO_2 and Al_2O_3, and relatively high Mg O and Mg#, which exhibit calc-alkaline characteristics. These rhyolites yield fractionated REE patterns and negative Nb, Ta, Ti, Sr, P and Eu anomalies and positive Zr anomalies. The geochemistry, petrology and Lu-Hf isotopes imply that rhyolites were derived from the partial melting of continental basalt induced by upwelling of sub-arc mantle magmas, and then experienced fractional crystallization of plagioclase, which points to a continental arc regime. The ～447 Ma gabbros exhibit low Si O2 and alkaline contents, high Fe2 O3 T, Ti O2, Mg O and Mg#. They show minor depletions of La and Ce, flat MREE and HREE patterns, and negative Nb, Ta, Zr and Hf anomalies. Both sub-arc mantle and N-MORB-like mantle were involved in the formation of the gabbros, indicative of a probable back-arc basin tectonic setting. Given that, the previously believed Proterozoic supracrustal rocks and several plutons from the Zhalantun Precambrian basements were proved to be Paleozoic to Mesozoic rocks, among which these Paleozoic magmatic rocks were generally related to subduction regime. So far, none Proterozoic rocks have been identified from the Zhalantun Precambrian basement, though some ～600–3210 Ma ancient detrital/xenocryst zircons were reported. Combined with ancient zircon ages and newly reported ～2.5 Ga and ～1.8 Ga granites from the south of the Zhalantun, therefore, the Precambrian rocks probably once exposed in the Zhalantun while they were re-worked and consumed during later long tectonic evolutionary history, resulting in absence of Precambrian rocks in the Zhalantun.     

北京市孤山口村不稳定斜坡底界面的地质雷达标定

在北京市房山区孤山口村不稳定斜坡探测工作中,运用地质雷达法对不稳定边坡的土壤覆盖层厚度和基岩界面的起伏形态进行测定,从而查明该区不稳定斜坡的形态特征、规模大小、潜在威胁等基本情况,为不稳定斜坡治理施工设计提供可靠的工程地质依据,同时为地质雷达法探测法在地质灾害治理领域的应用提供借鉴。     

苏北泗洪晚更新世淮河古菱齿象化石年代学研究

对苏北泗洪县石集的淮河古菱齿象(Palaeoloxodon huaihoensis)进行了光释光(OSL)年代学研究,结果表明,化石埋藏地层年代介于56.2±4.3 Ka B.P.～50.7±4.6 Ka B.P.之间,属晚更新世中期,即MIS 3阶段间冰期。地层归属上更新统戚咀组,为旱季与雨季交替环境下的河漫滩或沼泽湿地沉积。地层特征反映了距今约5.6万年以来该地区在全球"间冰期-冰期"交替变化下的古气候环境。     

考虑吸力效应的非饱和黏土回弹模量预估模型

回弹模量是反映路基弹性支撑能力的重要指标,并受运营期间基质吸力变化的显著影响。通过3种压实黏土试样的土-水特征曲线试验和重复动三轴试验,研究了回弹模量与基质吸力的相关性,并基于非饱和土有效应力原理,提出了考虑吸力效应的回弹模量预估模型。结果表明：基质吸力与回弹模量之间具有较强的非线性相关性,可采用指数形式进行两者的拟合;含水率由最佳含水率-4%提升至最佳含水率+4%时,受基质吸力减小的影响,回弹模量降幅达到29.1%～39.0%;在 土-水特征曲线过渡区,采用以饱和度表征的有效应力参数,可较好地反映基质吸力对于回弹模量的贡献,预估效果优于采用残余含水率或进气值相关的有效应力参数;在相同饱和度的情况下,黏粒含量越多、塑性指数越高,基质吸力对有效应力的贡献比例越小。     

东昆仑夏日哈木铜镍矿区发现早古生代榴辉岩:锆石U-Pb定年证据

<正>1研究目的(Objective)东昆仑夏日哈木超大型岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床所在矿区出露5个镁铁-超镁铁质岩体(编号为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ)(图1a),围岩均为金水口群变质岩系。夏日哈木120万吨Ni金属仅赋存于Ⅰ号岩体内,该岩体走向NEE(约60°),长约2.0 km,宽约1.4km,地表出露长1.6 km,宽0.5 km,面积约为0.9km2,岩性主要为橄榄岩、辉石岩和辉长岩。Ⅱ岩体由4个小岩体组成(图1),仅在北部辉石岩中见少量     

东天山香山中镁铁-超镁铁质岩体岩石学与矿物学特征:对成岩成矿过程的约束

香山中镁铁-超镁铁岩体产出于新疆东天山地区的黄山—镜儿泉镁铁-超镁铁岩带。主要的岩石类型为二辉橄榄岩、(含长)单辉橄榄岩、橄榄辉石岩及角闪辉长岩。矿物学特征显示,岩体造岩矿物的结晶顺序为铬尖晶石→橄榄石→斜方辉石→单斜辉石→斜长石→角闪石。电子探针分析显示,同一侵入期次中各岩相具有良好的过渡渐变关系,钻孔剖面上橄榄石含量与颗粒大小、单斜辉石的成分有随深度连续变化的特征,铬尖晶石则具有良好的Cr→Fe3+、Ti的演化趋势,由此反映岩体的形成主要受结晶分异作用的控制;含长单辉橄榄岩中橄榄石和单斜辉石成分的突然变化显示岩浆结晶过程中受到了地壳物质阶段性的混染;模拟计算表明,橄榄石分离结晶伴随着硫化物的熔离;钻孔ZK3693深度为295~325 m,含长单辉橄榄岩中橄榄石、斜长石、单颗粒单斜辉石成分突然性的变化指示在区间内有新鲜的基性程度更高的岩浆注入,而此区间内矿石的Cu、Ni品位明显高于区间外同一岩相岩体,说明新鲜岩浆的注入是香山中岩体硫化物富集的重要原因。     

SHRIMP Zircon U–Pb Age of the Sidingheishan Mafic–Ultramafic Intrusion in the Southern Margin of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt, NW China and its Petrogenesis implication

<正>Objective The Sidingheishan mafic-ultramafic intrusion is located in the eastern part of the North Tianshan Mountains.This work used zircon U-Pb age data,bulk rock major and trace elements,Sr-Nd-Pb isotope data to assess mantle source characteristics and crustal assimilation of the parental magma of the Sidingheishan intrusion.We have also discussed the tectonic evolution of the southern margin of the Central Asian Orogenic belt in the Late Paleozoic.