Multiple overpressure systems and their relationship with hydrocarbon accumulation in the Qikou Depression of the Bohai Bay Basin,China

Pressure measurements using drill stem tests and estimates from log data calculation indicate that three vertically stacked regional pressure compartments exist in the Qikou Depression of Bohai Bay Basin, N. China. The compartments comprise hydrostatic, upper weak, and lower overpressure systems. Laterally, overpressure (pressure coefficient > 1.2) occurs in the deeper areas and weakens gradually from the centre to the margin of the depression. The accumulation of oil and gas exhibits the interesting characteristics of oil‐bearing layers above gas‐bearing layers in the Qikou Depression. The pattern can be accounted for by the evolution of overpressure system, the maturity process of the source rock and the main fault activity. In the late Dongying Formation (Ed, 30 Ma), the lower overpressure system began to form shape, and the hydrocarbon sources generated a large volume of oil. However, because there was no migration pathway, the oil only accumulated in the original strata. In the late Guantao Formation (Ng, 12 Ma), the gas was generated, the upper overpressure system formed gradually, and the activity of the main fault gradually increased. Then, the overpressure pushed the early gathered oil to flow from the lower overpressure system into the upper overpressure system. Afterwards, the activity of the main fault decreased again and remains weak until now. Thus, later generated natural gas cannot keep migrating along the main fault and can only accumulate in the lower overpressure system. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

香港世界地质公园晚侏罗世荔枝庄组岩石组合及其成岩地质过程解析

中国东南大陆晚侏罗世地层普遍缺失,仅零星见于个别地区,香港新界东北的荔枝庄组即为其一。荔枝庄组出露于香港世界地质公园沉积岩园区的荔枝庄地区,自下往上由火山岩—沉积岩—火山岩组合而成,沉积岩中发育大型包卷层理和滑塌构造等典型沉积构造,是香港地区最具代表性的晚侏罗世火山—沉积岩系。通过实测地层剖面研究,确定其成岩过程大体上可划分为早期普林尼式火山爆发、中期破火山口湖相沉积和晚期普林尼式火山爆发三个阶段,以湖相沉积作用为主、火山喷发作用为辅;受晚期火山岩浆活动的影响,沉积岩层普遍发生硅化或炭化。荔枝庄组独特的岩石组合与形成的古地理环境,为探讨中国东南大陆中生代火山活动—沉积作用方式与成岩过程,提供了难得的研究实例。     

新疆阿尔泰库马苏铅锌多金属矿床成因探讨

库马苏铅锌多金属矿床位于阿尔泰山东段南麓库马苏一带的中蒙边境地区,行政区划隶属新疆维吾尔自治区富蕴县管辖,距富蕴县城约100 km。 该矿床位于阿尔泰陆缘活动带之诺尔特晚古生代上叠盆地中,南部沿库热克特大断裂与哈龙早古生代岩浆弧带毗邻;该地区金、铜及多金属矿（化）点密集分布于下石炭统红山嘴组地层内,而且由西向东,矿产种类呈一定的规律性变化,西部为铜、金,中部为金及多金属,东部以多金属为主;反映在地球化学异常上表现出西部以金、砷、锑异常为主,中部以面积较小的金、砷、锑、铅、锌异常为主,东部铅、锌、铜、银、金、砷、锑异常集中分布。目前,在成矿带内自西向东已发现红山嘴金矿点,小土尔根铜矿、塔斯比伊克金矿点、阿克提什坎金矿点、库马苏金多金属矿等。矿床所在区域构造发育,变质作用强烈,岩浆活动期次多、规模大,是非常有利的成矿环境。结合矿床地质特征,判定库马苏铅锌多金属矿床的形成与该区域岩浆作用和火山活动密切相关,为岩浆热液充填交代成因铅锌金多金属矿床。     

陕南羊坪湾金矿床黄铁矿标型特征研究

羊坪湾金矿位于陕西石泉-汉阴北部金矿带东部,前人曾在该地区开展过大量勘探和综合研究,并取得一定的认识成果（李会民等,1997;李福让等,2009;任小华等,2015）。羊坪湾金矿床中载金矿物主要为黄铁矿,其次为磁黄铁矿,此外还有少量褐铁矿、石英等。本次重点针对矿区内载金黄铁矿进行电子探针测试分析,探讨其同金成之间关系。     

The Upstream “Strong Signals” of the Water Vapor Transport over the Tibetan Plateau during a Heavy Rainfall Event in the Yangtze River Basin

A heavy rainfall event that occurred over the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Basin(YRB) during July11–13 2000 is explored in this study. The potential/stream function is used to analyze the upstream "strong signals" of the water vapor transport in the Tibetan Plateau(TP). The studied time period covers from 2000 LST 5 July to 2000 LST 15 July(temporal resolution: 6 hours). By analyzing the three-dimensional structure of the water vapor flux, vorticity and divergence prior to and during the heavy rainfall event, the upstream "strong signals" related to this heavy rainfall event are revealed. A strong correlation exists between the heavy rainfall event in the YRB and the convective clouds over the TP. The "convergence zone" of the water vapor transport is also identified, based on correlation analysis of the water vapor flux two days and one day prior to, and on the day of, the heavy rainfall. And this "convergence zone" coincides with the migration of the maximum rainfall over the YRB. This specific coupled structure actually plays a key role in generating heavy rainfall over the YRB. The eastward movement of the coupled system with a divergence/convergence center of the potential function at the upper/lower level resembles the spatiotemporal evolution of the heavy rainfall event over the YRB. These upstream "strong signals" are clearly traced in this study through analyzing the three-dimensional structure of the potential/stream function of upstream water vapor transport.     

含变时滞输入的挠性航天器姿态复合控制

对含变时滞输入的挠性航天器姿态复合控制问题进行了研究,主要是通过设计一个时滞依赖的H_∞控制和干扰观测器（DOBC）相结合的复合分层控制结构,实现姿态角和姿态角速度的稳定控制.本文所提方法的优势为：1）对振动引起的干扰进行精确补偿,减少了干扰对控制效果的影响;2）设计了时滞依赖的状态控制器,降低了时滞对姿态的影响;3）在泛函求解过程中引入了时滞积分不等式分解系数,从而降低了设计的保守性.最后,通过数值仿真验证了本文设计的控制方法的有效性,并分析了时滞量及时滞积分不等式分解系数对闭环系统性能的影响.     

中国东部7类暴雨异常环流型

近年来的研究发现,瞬变扰动天气图上的扰动场天气系统对区域暴雨的落区指示能力强于传统天气图上的总场天气系统。为供预报员在业务预报中参考,本文划分1998年发生在中国东部地区的41日次区域暴雨为7类扰动场天气系统。与区域暴雨相联系的7类异常环流型分别是:华南切变线、华南涡旋、华南倒槽、长江切变线与槽、沿江涡旋、华北涡旋和东北涡旋。无论是在对流层的垂直剖面上,还是在850 hPa水平分布上,扰动天气图上位势高度低值和风扰动辐合处并配合大的水汽扰动对应有区域暴雨,而传统天气图上的低值系统和高水汽区与暴雨之间存在位置上的偏移。由此建议,用实况大气变量和中期数值模式产品绘制扰动天气图有助于预报员确定区域暴雨落区。     

高性能计算技术在气象领域的应用

高性能计算通过应用超级计算机与并行处理技术解决复杂的计算问题,是信息技术发展比较迅猛的领域之一。气象应用始终是高性能计算的重要领域,高性能计算技术有效地解决了高分辨率、高精度气象数值预报模式发展限制,在气象预报预测业务中发挥着核心支撑作用。数十年以来,由于数值天气模式研究和业务运行对计算资源的强烈需求,国内外气象领域高性能计算机及应用迅速发展起来。气象领域对高性能计算能力及系统的可靠性需求日益提升。高性能计算技术将与气象预报应用日益融合,相互影响促进,不断创新发展。为满足气象预报预测业务和科研工作需求,中国气象部门将进一步提升高性能计算能力,并致力于优化集约高性能计算系统布局,高效管理计算资源,发挥最大效益。