Time-dependent radiation transfer and a possible explanation of the interpulse in CP 0950

The time-dependent equation of radiative transfer is solved exactly and in then-th Gaussian approximation.The atmosphere is plane-parallel and semi-infinite; isotropic scattering is assumed, but the boundary condition at =0 is arbitrary.The results are used to investigate a suggested mechanism for the origin of the secondary pulses in CP 0950; it is found that a binary system of neutron stars can indeed explain formation, time delay and intensity of the observed interpulse.     

BED CONDITIONS OF NON-EQUILIBRIUM TRANSPORT OF SUSPENDED SEDIMENT

I.INTRODUCTIONSuspendedsedimenttransportissaidbeinanycaseaphenomenaofa3Dprocess.Becauseofthelimitationsincomputercapacity,mostoftheexistingmodelstreateditasatlvoorevenonedimensionalproblem.WiththerapidadvancesofcomputersinbothCPUandmemorycapacity,andbecauseoftheavailabilityof3Dmodelsforturbulentflowsimulationsinpracticalapplications,thefully3Dsimulationofsuspendedsedimentbecomesafeasibleandurgenttaskforhydraulicengineers.TheprocessofsuspendedsedimenttransportisdescribedbytheadVection-d…     

Identifying and mitigating dam-induced declines in river health:Three case studies from the western United States

River health can be defined as the degree to which riverine energy source,water quality,flow regime, habitat and biota match the natural conditions.In a healthy river,physical process and form remain actively connected and able to mutually adjust,and biological communities have natural levels of diversity and are resilient to environmental stress.Both physical diversity and biodiversity influence river health.Physical diversity is governed by hydrology,hydraulics,and substrate,as reflected in the geometry of the river channel and adjacent floodplain,which create habitat for aquatic and riparian organisms.Biodiversity is governed by biological processes such as competition and predation,but biodiversity also reflects the diversity,abundance and stability of habitat,as well as connectivity. Connectivity within a river corridor includes longitudinal,lateral,and vertical dimensions.River health declines as any of these interacting components is compromised by human activities.The cumulative effect of dams and other human alterations of rivers has been primarily to directly reduce physical diversity and connectivity,which indirectly reduces biodiversity.Restoration and maintenance of physical diversity and biodiversity on rivers affected by dams requires quantifying relations between the driver variables of flow and sediment supply,and the response variables of habitat,connectivity,and biological communities.These relations can take the form of thresholds(e.g., entrainment of streambed sediment) or response curves(e.g.,fish biomass versus extent and duration of floodplain inundation).I use examples from Wyoming,Colorado,and Arizona in the western United States to illustrate how to quantify relations between driver and response variables on rivers affected by dams.     

P–T–t conditions of high-grade metamorphic rocks of the Garzon Massif, Andean basement, SE Colombia

The metamorphic evolution of the Garzón Massif, Colombia, is established on the basis of the textural, goethermobarometric, and geochronological relationships of the metamorphic minerals. The geothermobarometric data define a clockwise, nearly isothermal decompression path (ITD) for rocks from Las Margaritas migmatites, constrained by four P–T areas: 780–826 °C and 6.3–8.0 kbar, 760–820 °C and 8.0–8.8 kbar, 680–755 °C and 6.6–9.0 kbar, and 630 °C and 4 kbar. For the a garnet-bearing charnockitic gneiss from the Vergel granulites, the path is counterclockwise, constrained by geothermobarometric data of 5.3–6.2 kbar and 700–780 °C and 6.2–7.2 kbar and 685–740 °C. The clockwise ITD path represents a loop followed by the orogen during the transitional granulite–amphibolite metamorphic conditions, probably associated with a subduction process followed by a collisional tectonic event. This subduction framework produced continental crust thickening between 1148 and 1034 Ma and later collision with another continental block approximately 1000 Ma ago. The orogenic exhumation occurred with moderate uplift rate. The counterclockwise trajectory and two metamorphic events suggest a vertical displacement between the Vergel granulites and Las Margaritas migmatites units, because there is no isotopic difference that indicates the existence of different terranes. The data confirm that the metamorphic evolution for this domain was more dynamic than previously believed and includes: (1) metamorphic processes with the generation of new crust with a possible mixture of old material and (2) metamorphic recycling of continental crust. These geological processes characterize a complex Mesoproterozoic orogenic event that shares certain features with the Grenvillian basement rocks participating in the formation of Rodinia.     

Etude de la repartition du manganese dans le Devonien Superieur de las Cabesses (Ariège)

The authors have studied the distribution of Si, Al, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Ti, Ba, Cu, Ni éléments in Griotte upper devonian limestone by spectrography and polarography and have revealed a double correlation:

1. 1.
   Mn⁴⁺ - Ba confirmed as a result of the examination by Castaing microprobe micro fissures in which manganese has collected.     

DEFORMATION AND ROUGHNESS CHANGES OF THE MAIN CHANNEL AND FLOODPLAIN IN FLOOD EVENTS (CASE STUDY )

LINTRODUCTIONAsfear7specificsurveyshavebeenmadeonthemorphologicalbehavioroftheHuaihefox'erinthepast.Someinformationofbeddeformationduringfloodprocesshavebeenobtained.Beingrelativelystable,theHuaihehiverusedtobeineptlytreatedas"fixedbed".Fortunately,tilehydrometricalstationsweredenselydistributedalongtheHuaihehiverinthe1950s,andthevelocitylareamethodwasusedforthedeterminationofdischarge.Themeasurementsofdischargearelistedin"TheDischargeMeasurementsTable"intheHydrologicalYearbooks.Sinc…     

Problems and perspectives of the current Berlin settlement

Since the implementation of the Quadripartite Agreement in June 1972, Berlin has entered a new phase in East-West relations. Once a city of perpetual crisis, it has now become accustomed to the pleasant effects of détente. Through the establishment of many practical improvements, the life of Berliners has become easier and the city has been defused of much of its explosive potential. Nevertheless, if Berlin no longer appears to serve as a major flash point of international tension, serious unresolved problems remain. It is the point of this investigation to examine the most important areas of conflict, showing what trends have developed and what actions and counteractions can be expected in the future. The major underlying hypothesis of this study is that one may be skeptical of any conclusion that we have seen the last of the “Berlin crises”.