Geological Drilling in Polar Regions: Progress and Perspectives

The Antarctic and the Arctic regions play a key role in global sea level change and carbon cycle, and reserve key information of the Cenozoic transition from a green-house to an ice-house Earth. They have become hot spots in earth science studies. The geological drilling projects in both polar regions (e.g., DSDP/ODP/IODP/ICDP) have achieved remarkable successes, which have freshened the knowledge of global environmental and climatic evolution. Along with the Cenozoic global cooling, the timing of glaciation was almost synchronous on both the Antarctic and the Arctic. Accompanied with the Antarctic ice sheet build-up and increased terrestrial weathering, the enhanced formation of Antarctic Bottom Water exerts significant impact on global ocean circulation. The volume of unstable West Antarctic Ice Sheet fluctuates during glacial-interglacial periods showing 40 ka obliquity cycles, its volume significantly reduced or collapsed during several peak interglacials or long warm intervals. The Southern Ocean plays a significant role modulating atmospheric CO₂ concentration, global deep water circulation and nutrient distribution, productivity at different time scales. Sea level responses to the waxing and waning of polar ice sheets at different time intervals were tested, which provide valuable clue for predicting future sea level changes. The upcoming IODP drilling projects on polar regions will keep focusing on the high latitude ice sheet development, Southern Ocean paleoceanographic evolution, land-ocean linkages in the Arctic, and the impacts on the global climate, which will provide important boundary conditions for predicting global future climate evolution.     

山东胶东地区某些金矿床的氩、氢、氧稳定同位素地球化学及矿床成因

通过矿床地质特征、流体包裹体及氧、氢稳定同位素的研究,认为马家窑金矿属再平衡岩浆热液矿床,金青顶和十里铺金矿属大气降水热液矿床。马家窑金矿石英的δD、δ¹⁸O值高,变化小,比较稳定;蚀变岩石的δ¹⁸O在磺向上由围岩向矿脉逐渐升高。金青顶和十里铺金矿石英的δD、δ¹⁸O值低、变化大;蚀变岩石的δ¹⁸O值由地表向深部逐渐降低。开展金矿的氮稳定同泣素研究,在国内尚数首次。马家窑金矿³⁶Ar在温度300℃以下相对含量不到10%,金青顶和十里铺金矿³⁶Ar则达90%以上,表明前者以岩浆成因⁴⁰Ar为代表,后者则以大气氩³⁶Ar为代表,进而表明马家窑金矿是再平衡岩浆热液成因,金青顶和十里辅金矿是大气降水热液成因。示踪结果与H、O同位素一致,表明氩同位素在示踪成矿热液、矿床成因研究方面是一种较为有效的手段。     

新场气田J3p含气砂体预测研究

利用三维地震资料和大量钻井、测井数据,据储层特征分析以及对储层精细标定,建立含气砂体的地震响应模式,追踪含气砂体,并通过沿层特征参数提取,作出地震相平面图,再结合地质、测井相分析成果,对地震相进行沉积相（微相）解释,准确预测含气砂体的平面分布,形成含气砂体横向预测方法。     

大兴安岭诺敏河火山喷发时代的初步研究

我国东北地区晚新生代火山群分布广泛,诺敏火山群是其中的一个。它位于大兴安岭东坡,东距五大连池火山群约160km。前人对该区火山的地貌特征进行过定性描述,划分了火山锥及其喷发的玄武岩流,但整体上研究工作较少,尤其对火山的喷发时代了解不多。以往的研究认为这套玄武岩属于上更新统大黑山组,而K／Ar测年显示一部分玄武岩的年龄为46-42kaB.P.,属于中更新世;马鞍山火山锥喷出的熔岩地貌特征与五大连池老黑山期的非常相似,可能属于全新世,但其K-Ar年龄为18．7kaB．P.。此外,对诺敏火山的时代所进行的区域对比均缺乏充分可信的测年数据的支持。这些事实显示对该火山群喷发时代的认识远未达到统一。本文用热释光方法测得诺敏河2级阶地及玄武岩烘烤层的年龄,初步约束了玄武岩的喷发时代。     

A comparative study of seismic provisions between International Building Code 2003 and Uniform Building Code 1997

This study focuses on the comparison of the Uniform Building Code （UBC） 1997 and International Building Code （IBC） 2003 in relation to the seismic design and analysis of special steel moment resisting frame buildings （SMRF）. This paper formulates a numerical study of a steel SMRF building, studied in four different situations, namely： as an office building in San Francisco; as an office building in Sacramento; as an essential facility in San Francisco, and as an essential facility in Sacramento. The analytical results of the model buildings are then compared and analyzed taking note of any significant differences. This case study explores variations in the results obtained using the two codes, particularly the design base shear and drift ratios as they relate to different locations and occupancy use. This study also proves that IBC 2003 is more stringent for the redundancy factor under design category E for the SMRF building, and drift limits for essential facilities.     

量子信道大气扰动延时补偿方法的研究

本文对量子卫星定位系统(QPS)中的纠缠光穿过大气电离层和对流层过程中所产生的路径延迟误差进行研究.根据电离层路径延迟与纠缠光频率以及纠缠光传播路径单位面积上电离层自由电子总含量(TEC)之间的关系,提出3种电离层路径延迟修正方案,并对每一种方案的优缺点进行分析.根据对流层路径延迟与气象参数之间的关系,以及气象参数与纬度、高度和年积日的关系,提出5种对流层路径延迟修正方案,并分析各修正方案的优缺点.本文所做研究有助于进一步提高QPS的精度.     

氩同位素及胶东某些金矿床的成因

通过矿床地质特征、流体包裹体、氩及氢氧稳定同位素组成的研究，认为马家窑金矿属再平衡岩浆水热液矿床，金青顶和十里铺金矿属大气降水热液矿床。本文作者首次在国内开展氩稳定同位素的研究，成果表明：马家窑金矿的￣（３６）Ａｒ在温度３００℃以下相对含量低于１０％，金青顶和十里铺金矿则高达９０％以上。说明前者以岩浆成因￣（４０）Ａｒ为代表，而后者则以大气成因￣（３６）Ａｒ为代表。示踪研究结果与氢、氧同位素一致，表明氩同位素在示踪成矿流体及矿床成因研究方面也是一种有效的方法。     

Paleoceanographic records in the Chukchi Basin, western Arctic Ocean during the late Quaternary

The late Quaternary paleoceanographic changes in the western Arctic Ocean are revealed by quantitative studies of foraminiferal abundance, ice-rafted detritus (IRD) and its mineralogical and petrological compositions, planktonic Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (sin.) (Nps)-δ¹⁸O and -δ¹³C, biogenic and non-biogenic components in Core M03 token from the Chukchi Basin during the Second Chinese National Arctic Expedition cruise. Seven IRD events appeared at MIS 7, 5, 3 and 1. These IRD were carried in massive icebergs, which were exported to the Beaufort Sea through the M'Clure Strait Ice Stream, Canadian Arctic Archipelago, and then transported into the Chukchi Basin by the Beaufort Gyre. Low IRD deposition occurred during the glacial times when more extended ice cover and weakened Beaufort Gyre, while the open water condition and the intensified Beaufort Gyre during interglacial periods favored the IRD deposition. Therefore, the IRD events not only indicate the provenance of coarser detritus and ice export events, but also reflect the evolutionary histories of the Beaufort Gyre and North American ice sheet. Seven light Nps-δ¹⁸O and -δ¹³C excursions could respond to enhanced rates of sea ice formation resulting in the production and sinking of isotopically light brines, but was irrelevant to the warm Atlantic water and freshwater inputs. Whereas, the heavy Nps-δ¹⁸O and -δ¹³C values separately reflect the lessened Arctic freshwater and Pacific water, and well-ventilated surface water from the continental shelf and halocline water. Variations of CaCO₃ content and planktonic foraminiferal abundance during the interglacial and glacial periods can demonstrate the incremental or diminishing input of the Atlantic water, while the total organic carbon (TOC) and opal contents increased and decreased during the glacial and interglacial periods, respectively, which could be related to the TOC degradation, opal dissolution and redox conditions of interface between the bottom water and sediments.     

胶北地块与金矿有关的花岗岩类的研究---第一章 胶北地块的地质发展史

Jiaobei block is well known as rich in gold mineral resources. The gold mineralization is closely related to granitoids, but there are different views about the age of granits and the type of granitoids with which gold mineralization is associated. Based on the study of petrology, mineralogy, geochemistry and isotopic geology of the granitoids, enclaves and viens in this region, some conclusions are obtained.     

基于浮游有孔虫Mg/Ca温度重建的末次盛冰期以来北欧海次表层温度的变化

对我国第五次北极科考在北欧海所采集的两根岩芯样品进行了冰筏碎屑(Ice-Rafted Debris,IRD)丰度、AMS 14C测年、有孔虫丰度统计、浮游有孔虫Neogloboquadrina pachyderma(sin.)(Nps)稳定氧碳同位素及其Mg/Ca重建的次表层海水古温度等指标分析,建立了20ka以来的年代框架。结果表明,在末次盛冰期(20.0~17.5kaBP),次表层温度整体较低(~3℃),钙质生产力下降,冰筏碎屑输入增加;在冰消期(17.5~11.7kaBP)的Heinrich Stadial 1(HS1)事件中较轻的δ^18O和δ^13C指示大量淡水输入,水体分层加剧,向北输送的北大西洋水聚集在次表层,导致次表层水温逐渐升高。从B?lling-Aller?d(B/A)事件开始,次表层水温度达到4.5℃,表明北大西洋水流入增强。早全新世(11.7~8.2kaBP)早期次表层温度达到6.5℃,钙质生产力升高,冰筏碎屑输入降低;在中全新世(8.2~4.2kaBP)早期(8.2~5.6kaBP),钙质生产力逐渐升高反映通风作用增强,导致营养盐供应增加;6.6~5.6kaBP,明显降低的次表层温度(~4℃)反映夏季太阳辐射量降低以及大西洋水流入减弱;5.6~4.2kaBP期间次表层水变暖导致δ^18O偏轻,而δ^13C轻值反映生产力降低。晚全新世(4.2~0.8kaBP)的新冰期(4.2~3.0kaBP),次表层温度逐渐降低,Nps-δ^13C偏轻反映生产力下降,Nps-δ^18O偏轻以及IRD增加反映冰融水排放。3.0kaBP以来,生产力上升,次表层水体温度不断上升,可能是向北输送的北大西洋水增强。