Diurnal variation of phytoplankton community in a high frequency area of HABs: Daya Bay, China

Phytoplankton community was investigated in the cage culture area of Daya Bay during a diurnal cycle. Two rainfalls occurred during the course of the experiment and decreased the surface seawater salinity in the aquaculture area. A total of 38 species were identified, of which the dominant species included Pseudo-nitzschia spp. and Skeletonema costatum. Water stratification obstructed the vertical migration of dinoflagellates. Statistical analysis indicated that Synechococcus showed negative relationship with silicate and ammonia, which indicated that Synechococcus adapted to grow at oligotrophic environment. Phytoplankton community structure implied the risk of Pseudo-nitzschia spp. blooms in the aquaculture area of Daya Bay.     

一种根据湿对流区域时空分布调整的BGM扰动改进方案

在增长模繁殖法(Breeding of the Growing Mode,BGM)的动态繁殖过程中,尺度化因子的选择极为关键。利用WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting)模式,在分析飑线系统数值模拟误差增长机制的基础上,根据飑线发展过程中湿对流区域误差更容易快速增长的特点,提出了一种根据湿对流区域时空分布调整的BGM初始扰动改进方案。该方案通过在动态繁殖过程中对小扰动的水平结构进行调整,加强湿对流区域扰动,捕获到增长最快方向上的小扰动并将其作为初始扰动。试验结果表明:根据降水量调整的改进方案相比其他方案扰动能量较大,各集合成员之间差异也较大,集合平均预报误差较小;对强降水范围的模拟相对理想,暴雨的降水评分较高;对风廓线及水汽场的预报更接近于实况,较好地改善了集合预报效果。     

回灌水温对砂岩热储回灌效果的影响分析——以德州市地热田馆陶组热储为例

根据砂岩孔隙型热储地热流体回灌试验中不同尾水温度与回灌量、回灌水位之间的关系,研究了相同回灌量条件下尾水温度对回灌效果的影响,并通过消除回灌尾水温度对井筒存储效应的影响,将回灌时水位升幅的观测值校正为同一温度下的真实水位升幅,从而对不同温度尾水回灌的渗透性能进行了分析。     

A Falling-Head Method for Measuring Intertidal Sediment Hydraulic Conductivity

This paper presents an in situ falling-head method for measuring hydraulic conductivity of beach sediments in tidal environment. A polyvinyl chloride (PVC) standpipe was vertically pushed into the submerged beach sediments so that its lower part was filled by a sediment column. During the experiment, the sediments were submerged by sea water and the standpipe top was higher than the sea level. The pipe was fully filled with sea water at the beginning of the experiment. Then the water level time series inside and outside the standpipe were recorded. Analytical solutions were derived to describe the relation among the sediment's hydraulic conductivity and the water levels inside and outside the standpipe and used to analyze the experiment data obtained from the intertidal zone of Puqian Bay, Haikou, Hainan Province, China. The water levels predicted by the analytical solution agreed very well with all the experiment data. Experiments for horizontal hydraulic conductivity estimation were also conducted using L-shaped standpipe which bends from vertical to horizontal in the beach sediments. The averaged hydraulic conductivity anisotropy ratio at the study area is about 2.9. After each in situ experiment, the sediments in the standpipe were stored in a plastic box and transported to university laboratory to measure the hydraulic conductivity using falling-head method. It is found that the in situ hydraulic conductivity averages one order of magnitude greater than the laboratory one, indicating that the original beach surface sediments were loose due to tidal and wave actions and that the samples were significantly compacted during the transportation to laboratory.     

Complementary DNA sequencing (cDNA): an eff ective approach for assessing the diversity and distribution of marine benthic ciliates along hydrographic gradients

The Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass(YSCWM)is a distinct hydrographic phenomenon of the Yellow Sea,and the distribution pattern of meio-and macrobenthos diff ers inside and outside of the YSCWM.However,such a pattern has never been observed in the microbenthic ciliate communities.Therefore,we hypothesized that benthic ciliates followed a similar distribution pattern as meio-and macrobenthos,but this pattern has not been uncovered by morphological methods.We evaluated the diversity and distribution of benthic ciliates at fi ve stations along hydrographic gradients across the YSCWM and adjacent shallow water by using morphology and DNA and complementary DNA(cDNA)high-throughput sequencing of the V4 region of 18S rRNA gene.Results showed that the diversity of benthic ciliates detected by DNA(303 OTUs),and the cDNA(611 OTUs)sequencing was much higher than that detected by the morphological method(79 species).Morphological method detected roughly diff erent ciliate communities inside and outside of the YSCWM,but without statistical signifi cance.No clear pattern was obtained by DNA sequencing.In contrast,cDNA sequencing revealed a distinct distribution pattern of benthic ciliate communities like meioand macrobenthos,which coincided well with the results of the environmental parameter analysis.More than half of the total sequences detected by DNA sequencing belonged to planktonic ciliates,most(if not all)of which were recovered from historic DNA originating through the sedimentation of pelagic forms because none of them were observed morphologically.The irrelevant historic DNA greatly infl uenced the recovery of rare species and thus limited the understanding of the benthic ciliate diversity and distribution.Our research indicates that the methods used have signifi cant eff ects on the investigation of benthic ciliate communities and highlights that cDNA sequencing has great advantages in estimating the diversity and distribution of benthic ciliates,as well as the potential for benthic environmental assessments.     

Assessment of hydrological extremes in the Kamo River Basin,Japan

A suite of extreme indices derived from daily precipitation and streamflow was analysed to assess changes in the hydrological extremes from 1951 to 2012 in the Kamo River Basin. The evaluated indices included annual maximum 1-day and 5-day precipitation (RX1day, RX5day), consecutive dry days (CDD), annual maximum 1-day and 5-day streamflow (SX1day, SX5day), and consecutive low-flow days (CDS). Sen’s slope estimator and two versions of the Mann-Kendall test were used to detect trends in the indices. Also, frequency distributions of the indices were analysed separately for two periods: 1951–1981 and 1982–2012. The results indicate that quantiles of the rainfall indices corresponding to the 100-year return period have decreased in recent years, and the streamflow indices had similar patterns. Although consecutive no rainfall days represented by 100-year CDD decreased, continuous low-flow days represented by 100-year CDS increased. This pattern change is likely associated with the increase in temperature during this period.

EDITOR D. Koutsoyiannis

ASSOCIATE EDITOR E. Gargouri     

科尔沁沙地沙质草地与固定沙丘植物群落结构对极端干旱的响应

为了探究沙地植物群落结构特征对极端干旱的响应,通过野外模拟试验开展了极端干旱(生长季减雨60％与干旱60 d)对沙质草地和固定沙丘植物群落丰富度、地上生物量和叶性状等群落结构特征影响的研究.结果表明:(1)生境变化对植物群落地上生物量和叶干物质含量(LDMC)具有显著影响(P＜0.05),草地地上生物量和LDMC显著高...     

延安城市地下空间探测技术方法及应用研究

该文选取延安市作为黄土丘陵沟壑区的典型代表,总结出侧向山体地面探测适宜采用航空摄影测量、三维基础地质调查填图等方法,垂向地下空间探测可采用工程地质钻探、随钻监测、钻孔多参数地球物理测井等技术方法,其中工程地质钻探、多参数地球物理测井对于探测黄土丘陵沟壑区地下空间效果较好.探测结果显示,延安市中心城区地下岩土体可划分为8...     

转录组学分析B-3胞外多糖对巨噬细胞RAW264.7基因表达的影响

B-3胞外多糖是从一株南极嗜冷菌Psychrobacter sp.B-3发酵液中提取的胞外多糖,前期研究发现该多糖能够激活巨噬细胞并影响其免疫调控活动。为探明其免疫调控途径,采用转录组学分析对经B-3多糖刺激的RAW264.7巨噬细胞系进行了差异表达基因分析。研究结果表明B-3多糖的刺激引起了420个基因的差异表达,其中上调178个、下调242个。差异表达基因与细胞功能存在诸多关联,但主要集中在代谢和免疫两个通路上：其中在多个免疫相关通路上,富集最显著的是抗原处理和表达途径;另一个明显富集的则是代谢通路,B-3多糖处理引起了大量参与代谢的酶类的表达变化,包括氨基酸,碳水化合物,脂质和核苷酸代谢相关基因均发生了一定程度的改变。因此,B-3胞外多糖作为一种免疫激活剂直接影响了RAW264.7巨噬细胞系的免疫功能,同时也对其胞内的代谢途径产生了影响。本论文首次开展了南极嗜冷细菌胞外多糖对RAW264.7巨噬细胞系的影响,该研究为不同来源的活性多糖对巨噬细胞免疫激活研究提供了科学依据。