谐波分析中波参数的误差分析

谐波分析中由于采用离散数据的有限差分代替对函数的连续积分以及实际离散数据取样方式和数据性质的不同等原因,谐波参数或多或少存在一定的计算误差和拟合误差。本文着重讨论了离散化效应对截断频率谱参数的影响以及气象中各种常用离散数据的谐波参数误差情况和校正误差的方法。     

球面斜压大气中上传行星波与纬向平均气流的相互作用

本文指出在球面斜压大气中的行星尺度扰动与纬向平均气流相互作用中必须考虑非地转风分量对位涡度南北方向输送的作用,从而证明了球面大气中行星尺度运动的波作用守恒,并求得球面大气中的行星尺度扰动与纬向平均气流相互作用的欧拉平均运动方程组。 本义利用1979年2月的实际天气观测资料分析了北半球一次对流层阻塞形势建立与平流层爆发性增温过程的行星波与纬向平均气流的相互作用。从分析结果可以看到:由于行星波向上传播,使得在高纬度对流层中、上层出现行星波的波作用通量(也称E-P通量)辐合,使得西风气流减速,因而在高纬度对流层中、上层形成阻塞形势。并且,随着行星波的继续向上传播,使得平流层下、中层的基本气流相继减速并出现东风,因而在平流层下、中层出现爆发性增温。然而,由于高纬度对流层低层出现东风,行星波不能往上传播,在上层波的E-P通量矢量变成辐散,气流由东风又变成西风。     

北半球冬季环流异常的垂直结构特征

本文对北半球100,500,700和1000hPa四层高度距平资料,应用相关分析,EOF分解和谐波分析方法,分析了北半球冬季环流异常过程中的垂直结构特征。结果表明:第一特征向量在对流层中具有明显的相当正压性结构,并且在环流异常中占有最大权重,它和半球性的天气异常有明显关系。谐波分析表明大气环流异常的正压性主要和超长波的活动有关。     

甘孜地区古地震遗迹的初步研究

本文所指的甘孜地区是指我国四川省西北部甘孜高原西部的甘孜—马尼干戈断裂带、甘孜—理塘断裂带北段以及鲜水河断裂的北西段所展布的范围。作者于1982年对该断裂的近代构造活动性进行了调查,在调查中发现了一些古地震遗迹,现报导如下: 1.甘孜地区地震地质构造背景该区处于青藏高原的东北缘,区内发育一些近于平行和相互斜交的北西向断裂构造(图     

山东埠后古火山机构显微构造研究

埠后古火山机构由早白垩世陆相火山岩和次火山岩组成,铅、锌、铜、硫矿与后者有关。为了圈定火山通道的大致位置,在熔岩中采制定向切片,进行显微构造分析。通过变形、压密、阻挡、涡流等显微构造标志确定流动方位;利用长条状晶体的长轴方向确定流动线理。根据流动方位和流动线理圈出古火山口位置,进而指出在环火山颈的大断裂一侧,可能具区域找矿前景。     

Investigations on variations of the subtropical high in the Western Pacific during historic times

In this paper the 500 mb circulation field over East Asia was reconstructed by means of a stepwise regression technique, based on the relationship between summer (June to August) rainfall in China and 500 mb level heights. As a result of this study, three indices for the subtropical high, the longitude of the west border, and the latitude of the north border and intensity for the period AD 1471–1980 were extracted from reconstructed 500 mb level heights.The power spectrum analysis was carried out to investigate the variation of subtropical high indices for last 500 yr; it is shown that the prominent cycles are 22-, 36-, 55-yr and the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO), among these the latter is more significant.The long-term variations of the 10 yr average 500 mb level heights and subtropical high indices are examined in relation to climate change; it was determined that the longitudinal variation of subtropical high plays an important role in the wetness variations over China.     

Aureoles of Songshugou Alpine-type ultramafic massif

The Songshugou Alpine-type ultramafic massif intruded into the surrounding plagioclase-amphibole schists where high-temperature aureoles are found well exposed but not distroyed. From the outer part inwards, four aureoles are recognized: the oligoclase-hornblende zone, the andesine-hornblende zone, the garnet zone and the pyroxene zone. Toward the massif, systematic variations are noticed in the rocks from one zone to another, i.e., the rocks vary from fine-grained, fibrous, crystalloblastic texture to medium coarse-grained, granular, crystalloblastic texture and from schistose structure to massive structure; hornblende varies from blue-green to brofn; plagioclases vary in composition from An_12–17 to An₃₇, even to An₆₀ near the contact; garnet and pyroxene become more and more abundant; sphene is replaced progressively by titanomagnetite; and Na(K), Al and Ti in the hornblende tend to increase near the contact. Studies have shown that the typical rocks in the four contact metamorphic zones are generally similar in major and trace elements. But different mineral assemblages and mineral chemistry indicate that the rocks were formed under different physical conditions.     

Compositional conversion of feldspathic phase in granitoids and its application to rock-forming temperature calculation

Based on the data on plagioclase number of granitoids and whole-rock chemical analysis, the author has proposed that the percentage of molecules of albite in the coexisting plagioclase and alkali-feldspar can be obtained by direct conversion through a petro-chemical approach. Then, the result is substituted into the formula of J. A. Whitney and J. C. Stormer, Jr. (1975, 1977) to work out, the temperatures at which the coexisting feldspars crystallized, i.e., the possible rock-forming temperature of granitoids. Rock-forming temperature values computed by this method as described in the present paper are in good agreement with those by other geothermometries.     

大气降水对昆明周围地震活动的调制

本文对比分析了昆明周围地区20余年来的大气降水记录和地震资料,指出旱涝变异确实与地震活动存在着一定的统计联系。其中尤以震前一年洪涝的作用较为突出。在此基础上,提出了一个可预测本区中强地震发生的经验性方法。     

太行山区元古代早期和中期地层的古地磁学测定结果及其地质意义

最近十余年来,我国古地磁学工作者曾对南方震旦纪地层以及北方蓟县的元古代地层做过一些古地磁学测定,并且对某些地质现象进行了解释。但是,对再早一些时期岩石的古地磁学研究仍属空白。地球的基本磁场主要起源于地球内部,它的参量必然反映地球的内部特征。按照地磁场的轴向地心偶极子假定,古地磁学的典型研究成果——视古地磁极移动轨迹应与地壳的构造发育演化过程有着内在的联系。太行山区是华北地台中、下元古界一个颇为发育的地区,本文简要报道作者对分布在该区地质年龄约为-2300百万年至-1650百万年的滹沱超群和长城系的古地磁学初步测定结果,并结合太行山区元古代早期和中期的大地构造问题提出粗浅的看法。