The methods used for a building seismic hazard evaluation are presented with the associated results. The goals of the study are (1) to check the soil nature and the existence or not of a possible site effect around the installation and (2) to characterize the dynamic behavior of the building using ambient vibration records.
The results of the soil study with the Nakamura method are very difficult to interpret because they are not stable in space and time. The spectral ratios method has been used with regional earthquake records. The results of the application of this method allowed us to conclude that the installation was free of site effect.
The ambient vibration measurements on the building brought the conclusion to determine the first and second modes of the structure. These results have been used to calibrate numerical model. The modal shapes in plan (high roof) and in elevation (main column) have been evaluated. The damping of the building has been computed using ambient vibration records. 相似文献
A general method is developed for optimal application of dampers and actuators by installing them at optimal location on seismic-resistant
structures. The study includes development of a statistical criterion, formulation of a general optimization problem and establishment
of a solution procedure. Numerical analysis of the seismic response in time-history of controlled structures is used to verify
the proposed method for optimal device application and to demonstrate the effectiveness of seismic response control with optimal
device location. This study shows that the proposed method for the optimal device application is simple and general, and that
the optimally applied dampers and actuators are very efficient for seismic response reduction. 相似文献
1 Introduction Soil is not only the major natural resource on which human being depends for the production of food, feed, fiber, renewable energy and raw materials, but also plays a key role in maintaining the complex terrestrial ecosystems and climate systems of this planet. Recent rapid increase in the human population is placing a great strain on the worlds soil resources. Only about 11% of the global land surface covered by the soils are being used to raise crops and livestock, in other … 相似文献
Based on energy balance equation and mass transfer equation, a general model to estimate actual evaporation from non-saturated
surfaces was derived. Making use of two concepts, “relative evaporation” and “relative drying power”, a relationship was established
to account for the departure from saturated conditions. Using this model, the actual evaporation (evapotranspiration) can
be calculated without the need of potential evaporation estimation. Furthermore, the model requires only a few meteorological
parameters that are readily and routinely obtainable at standard weather stations. Based on nearly 30 years data of 432 meteorological
stations and 512 hydrological stations in China, in combined with GIS, nine typical river basins were selected. Using the
data of the selected river basins, the model was tested. The results show that the actual evaporation rate can be estimated
with an error of less than 10% in most areas of China, except few years in the Yellow River Basin. 相似文献
Through the study of mutual process between groundwater systems and eco-environmental water demand, the eco-environmental
water demand is brought into groundwater systems model as the important water consumption item and unification of groundwater’s
economic, environmental and ecological functions were taken into account. Based on eco-environmental water demand at Da’an
in Jilin province, a three-dimensional simulation and optimized management model of groundwater systems was established. All
water balance components of groundwater systems in 1998 and 1999 were simulated with this model and the best optimal exploitation
scheme of groundwater systems in 2000 was determined, so that groundwater resource was efficiently utilized and good economic,
ecologic and social benefits were obtained. 相似文献
Evapotranspiration (ET) is an important parameter for water resource management. Compared to the traditional ET computation and measurement methods, the ET computation method based on remote sensing has the advantages of quickness, precision, raster mapping and regional scale. SEBAL, an ET computation model using remote sensing method is based on the surface energy balance equation which is a function of net radiance flux, soil heat flux, sensible heat flux and latent heat flux. The former three fluxes can be computed through the parameters retrieved from remote sensing image, then the latent heat flux can be obtained to provide energy for ET. Finally we can obtain the daily ET. In this study SEBAL was applied to compute ET in the Yellow River Delta of China where water resource faces a rigorous situation. Three Landsat TM images and meteorology data of 1999 were used for ET computation, and spatial and temporal change patterns of ET in the Yellow River Delta were analysed. 相似文献
We give some results obtained for the Couplex test cases proposed by the ANDRA. In this paper our aim is twofold. Firstly, to compute the release of nuclides out of the repository by concentrating on the 3D near field (Couplex 2). The simulation of the transport phenomena takes into account the dissolution of the glass containers and congruent emissions of the radio-nuclides including filiation chains and some simplified chemistry. Secondly, it is to use the near field computations in order to simulate the nuclide migrations in a 2D far field (Couplex 3). Coupling in between the two simulations takes into consideration the periodicity of the disposal modules and the geometry of the repository described in Couplex 1. The mixed finite element and discontinuous Galerkin methods are used to solve the convection–diffusion equations. In order to handle the nonlinear precipitation/dissolution term, we developed a new iterative technique that combines Picard and Newton–Raphson methods. 相似文献