Teneurs en tritium des eaux du karst du Taurus occidental et de Pisidie (Turquie)

Summary The hydrologic study, by the mean of tritium of Taurus karst (Turkey), has shown two kinds of underground circulations: aconstant circulation whose waters have a mean residence time of one year andstill waters, several years older, found in a deeper karst. Moreover the averge time of renewal of Lake Beysehir has been put in evidence. The results have very important consequences on the future development of this area and the harnessing of its potentials.      

INVERSION METHOD IN THE SLANT STACK DOMAIN USING AMPLITUDES OF REFLECTION ARRIVALS*

Almost all ray-tracing methods ignore the analysis of the amplitudes of seismic arrivals and therefore utilize only half of the available information. We propose a method which is a combination of ray-tracing imaging and transformation of the amplitudes of wide-aperture data. Seismic data in the conventional X-T domain are first transformed to the domain of intercept time τ and ray parameter p to recover the plane wave response. The next step is the derivation of a series of plane wave reflection coefficients, which are mapped as a function of τ and p. The reflection coefficients R(τ, p) for two arbitrarily chosen traces can then be used in our inversion method to derive a slowness-depth and a density-depth profile. It is shown that the inclusion of amplitudes of seismic arrivals (in this method, we consider the acoustic case) makes the inverse method highly stable and accurate. In a horizontally stratified medium one can recover separate profiles of velocity and density. Since this method utilizes large-offset data, it can be used for separate recovery of velocity and density to a greater depth.     

Indian census cartography

The Indian Census Organization is internationally known for its cartographic literature and coverage. The first Census Atlas series was brought out during 1961 Census. In the 1971 period this programme was strengthened and in addition, materials drawn from updating of jurisdictions were published in diversified cartographic forms. A programme has been added in 1981 Census activities on regional mapping to interpret population data leading to cartographic evaluation in its regional frame. This paper tries to focus attention in these cartographic developments and research to all concerned.     

Geothermometry and geobarometry of a cummingtonite-bearing dacite from Martinique,Lesser Antilles

A dacite sample from a nuée ardente deposit at Pitons du Carbet, Martinique, contained cummingtonite, orthopyroxene, quartz, magnetite, and ilmenite as phenocrysts, and thus was suitable for evaluation of the conditions of crystallization of nuée ardente materials according to the method of Ewart et al. (1971). The estimations were obtained with the aid of a Fortran IV program, which permitted the operation of all the arrangements between the available microprobe analyses. The results indicated that the phenocrystic association crystallized at moderate temperatures (ca. 750° C), under high oxygen fugacities (> NNO) and total pressures (2.3–4.5 Kb, with a maximal density of points at about 3.5 Kb), and water pressures approximating total pressures. The groundmass Fe-Ti oxides equilibrated at lower temperatures and under relatively increasing oxygen fugacities, the variation of which is tentatively ascribed to the aerial emplacement of the nuée ardente materials. The phenocryst data imply that in the case studied the high fluid pressures characterizing the nuée ardente eruptions were not acquired at a shallow level because of the deep intratelluric stage of crystallization of these differentiated calcalkalic magmas.     

On coordinated development of oasis and environment in arid area

1 Formation and evolution of oasisBoth physical environment and human activities influence the formation and evolution of oasis. Natural oasis is a kind of ecological landscape formed mainly by water without human intervention. Its prosperity and adversity primarily depends on the flow direction and discharge of a river. With the increment of intensity of human activities, however, great changes have taken place in oasis in arid area. The evolution of oasis has been transformed from the contr…     

GEODESY AND DIGITAL CARTOGRAPHIC SURVEY IN FILDES PENINSULA,REY JORGE ISLAND,ANTARCTICA

1　ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｉｎｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｉｎｔｈｅＣｈｉｌｅａｎＡｎｔａｒｃｔｉｃＴｅｒｒｉｔｏｒｙｈａｓｂｅｃｏｍｅｍａｎｉｆｅｓｔｏｖｅｒｔｈｅｌａｓｔｔｅｎｙｅａｒｓｉｎｔｈｅｓｕｂｓｔａｎｔｉａｌｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｉｎｔｈｅｎｕｍｂｅｒｏｆｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｆｉｃｓｔａｔｉｏｎｓｅｓｔａｂｌｉｓｈｅｄａｎｄｍａｉｎｔａｉｎｅｄｏｎＲｅｙＪｏｒｇｅＩｓｌａｎｄ ,ｍａｋｉｎｇｉｔｎｅｃｃｅｓａｒｙｔｏｒｅｇｕｌａｔｅｔｈｅｕｓｅｏｆｔｈｏｓｅａｒｅａｓｏｆｉｎｔｅｒｅ…     

KGI-XGIS SUPPORTING DECISION MAKING WITH KNOWLEDGE-BASED TECHNIQUES

1　ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＫｉｎｇＧｅｏｒｇｅＩｓｌａｎｄ (ＳｏｕｔｈＳｈｅｔｌａｎｄＩｓｌａｎｄｓ,Ａｎｔａｒｃｔｉｃａ)ｉｓｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｍｏｓｔｄｅｎｓｅｌｙｐｏｐｕｌａｔｅｄａｒ ｅａｓｉｎＡｎｔａｒｃｔｉｃａ .Ｐｅｒｍａｎｅｎｔｓｔａｔｉｏｎｓｏｆｎｉｎｅｄｉｆｆｅｒ ｅｎｔｎａｔｉｏｎｓａｎｄａｎａｉｒｓｔｒｉｐｓｕｉｔａｂｌｅｆｏｒｈｕｇｅａｉｒ ｃｒａｆｔｓａｒｅｌｏｃａｔｅｄｏｎｉｔｓｉｃｅｆｒｅｅａｒｅａｓ.Ｔｈｅｓｅａｒｅａｓｃｏｍｐｒｉｓｅｌｅｓｓｔｈａｎ 5%ｏｆｔｈｅｉｓｌ…     

STABILITY OF SOLUTION FOR DYNAMIC GEODETIC NETWORK ADJUSTMENT

1　ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＵｓｕａｌｌｙ ,ｔｈｅｓｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅｎｏｎ＿ｌｉｎｅａｒｉｎｖｅｒｓｉｏｎｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｒｅｌｉｅｓｓｔｒｏｎｇｌｙｏｎｉｎｉｔｉａｌｖａｌｕｅｓｏｆｔｈｅｐａ ｒａｍｅｔｅｒｖｅｃｔｏｒ ,ａｎｄａｔｐｒｅｓｅｎｔ,ｔｈｅｒｅｉｓｎｏｇｅｎｅｒａｌｒｕｌｅｆｏｒｓｅｌｅｃｔｉｎｇｔｈｅｉｎｉｔｉａｌｖａｌｕｅｓｔｏｓｏｌｖｅｔｈｅｎｏｎ＿ｌｉｎｅａｒｉｎｖｅｒｓｉｏｎｐｒｏｂｌｅｍ .Ｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｐｏｉｎｔｏｆｖｉｅｗｏｆｔｈｅａｌｇｏｒｉｔｈｍ ,ａｌｌｍｅ…     

A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE ESTABLISHMENT OF OCEAN TIDE MODELS OVER THE SOUTH CHINA SEA FROM T/P ALTIMETRY

1　ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＳｉｎｃｅ 1 96 0’ｓ ,ｅｓｐｅｃｉａｌｌｙｄｕｒｉｎｇｔｈｅｌａｓｔｔｗｏｄｅｃａｄｅｓ,ｍａｎｙｔｉｄａｌｉｓｔｓｈａｖｅｓｔｕｄｉｅｄｏｎｔｈｅｔｉｄａｌｗａｖｅｓｙｓｔｅｍｓｏｆｔｈｅＳｏｕｔｈＣｈｉｎａＳｅａ .ＹｅＡｎｌｅ ,ｅｔａｌ.(1 983 ) ,ＳｈｅｎＹｕｊｉａｎｇ ,ｅｔａｌ.(1 985 ) ,ＦａｎｇＧｕｏｈｏｎｇ,ｅｔａｌ.(1 994) ,ａｎｄＣａｏＤｅｍｉｎｇ ,ｅｔａｌ.(1 997)ｓｉｍｕｌａｔｅｄｔｈｅｔｉｄａｌｆｉｅｌｄｉｎｔｈｉｓａｒｅａｂａｓｅｄｏｎｔｈｅｎｕｍｅｒｉ…