Sedimentation rates in the Wanggang salt marshes, Jiangsu

1 IntroductionLand-ocean interaction in coastalzone is one of the key m atters of the International G eosphereand Biosphere Program (IG BP). The key problem s of the second phase in the next decadeinclude the m aterial cycle, the system evolution process …     

沙南凹陷古近系中深层砂岩储层特征与岩性油气藏勘探

渤海湾盆地沙南凹陷陡坡带古近系沙河街组二段发育辫状河三角洲相砂岩储集层,该储层受构造位置、埋藏速率、古地温变化、断裂作用的影响,在不同构造区特别是中深层,其物性具有明显的差异性。笔者等利用钻井、测井、地震及分析化验等资料,对中深层砂岩储层沉积相、成岩作用及孔隙演化特征进行研究,提出优质储层的主控因素及演化规律。结果表明,研究区中深层砂岩以岩屑长石砂岩为主,孔隙以粒间溶孔、粒内溶孔为主,储层存在中孔中渗型、中孔低渗型、低孔低渗型和低孔特低渗型4类,且以中孔低渗型为主。储层孔隙总体比较发育,储层整体表现为中等孔隙度、中等渗透率,储层物性较好。对区内优质储层发育的控制因素进行研究表明,富含石英、长石的物源区母岩是区内优质储层发育的物质基础,三角洲分流河道沉积相是优质储层发育的主要沉积相类型,成岩晚期方解石胶结物经过强溶蚀作用是优质储层发育的关键因素。对中深层优质储层时空演化规律分析表明,沙南凹陷南次洼曹妃甸14- e构造区发育辫状河三角洲相砂体,且这些砂体都位于有效烃源岩内,油气运聚条件优越,所以岩性油气藏勘潜力较大。已钻井也证明了区内厚油层的存在,说明该区是沙南凹陷岩性油气藏勘探最有利场所。     

安哥拉东北部地区Inkisi组碎屑锆石U- Pb年龄、地球化学特征及其地质意义

Inkisi组是刚果盆地西南缘最古老的沉积地层之一,岩性主要为一套紫红色、红褐色细粒、细中粒长石砂岩、杂砂岩。通过对安哥拉东北部Inkisi组长石砂岩开展碎屑锆石测年、岩石地球化学研究,探讨其沉积时代、物质来源、沉积环境和大地构造背景,为研究刚果盆地演化提供科学依据。结果表明,碎屑锆石206Pb/238U年龄主要集中于3个年龄峰值区间2350~1900 Ma、1150~850 Ma、850~500 Ma,最年轻的锆石峰值年龄为531±9 Ma,据此,笔者等认为Inkisi组的沉积时代上限应厘定为早寒武世。Inkisi组砂岩地球化学特征显示,物源具有长英质物源近源搬运特征,沉积时期的水体为陆相开阔的淡水环境。通过碎屑锆石年龄谱特征、主微量元素物源判别及构造判别图解,本文认为,West Congo构造带为安哥拉东北部地区Inkisi组主要物源区,Lufilian构造带、Angola 地盾等是其次要物质来源,物源区构造环境主要为活动大陆边缘和被动大陆边缘构造环境背景。     

An approximately analytical solution method for the cable-driven parallel robot in FAST

The Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope(FAST)is the largest single-dish aperture telescope with a cable-driven parallel robot introduced to achieve the highest sensitivity in the world.However,to realize the high-precision,mechanical equations of such a robot are always complicated,so that it is difficult to achieve real-time control by the traditional iterative method.In this regard,this paper proposes an approximately analytical solution method,which uses the approximately linear relationship between the main parameters of FAST to bypass some iterations.With the coefficients of the relationship extracted,static or quasi-static mechanical equations can be analytically solved.In this paper’s example,this method saves at least 90%of the calculating time and the calculated values are consistent with the experimental data.With such huge efficiency improvements,real-time and high-precision control of the FAST will no longer be difficult work.Besides,all the work in this paper is expected to be used in the FAST.     

气象卫星观测资料全球交换的基础——FM94 BUFR码原理及实现

针对风云二号(02)批应用系统项目建设中气象卫星观测资料全球交换的需求,介绍了FM94 BUFR码的压缩原理、BUFR编码软件的信息结构和软件结构,并以风云二号C星云导风产品BUFR编码为例,给出了报文段3的详细内容和段4的数据宽度。编码结果表明BUFR编码有较高的数据压缩率,非常适合数据传输。     

Influence of sedimentary environments on mechanical properties of clastic rocks

The sedimentary environments are the intrinsic factor controlling the mechanical properties of clastic rocks. Examining the relationship between rock sedimentary environments and rock mechanical properties gives a better understanding of rock deformation and failure mechanisms. In this study, more than 55 samples in coal measures were taken from seven different lithologic formations in eastern China. Using the optical microscope the sedimentary characteristics, such as components of clastic rocks and sizes of clastic grains were quantitatively tested and analyzed. The corresponding mechanical parameters were tested using the servo-controlled testing system. Different lithologic attributes in the sedimentary rocks sampled different stress–strain behaviors and failure characteristics under different confining pressures, mainly due to different compositions and textures. Results demonstrate that clastic rocks have the linear best-fit for Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion. The elastic moduli in clastic rocks are highly dependent upon confining pressures, unlike hard rocks. The envelope lines of the mechanical properties versus the contents of quartz, detritus of the grain diameter of more than 0.03 mm, and grain size in clastic rocks are given. The compressive strength or elastic modulus and the grain diameter have a non-monotonic relation and demonstrate the “grain-diameter softening” effect.     

石灰岩含水介质中苯系物（BTEX） 生物可降解性判识

    岩溶含水系统遭受石油烃污染的环境问题十分普遍。相对于多孔含水介质,石油烃BTEX在石灰岩含水介质中的生 物可降解性还不确定。为此,本研究开展了BTEX在石灰石和岩溶地下水介质中的静态微元体实验。经过77天的实验检测 分析,结果表明：（1） BTEX化合物在可利用电子受体溶解氧或硝酸盐存在条件下具有生物可降解性;（2） 向系统中补充 电子受体硝酸盐,具有促进生物降解的作用,其对BTEX的去除率可高达94%;（3） 未发现补充硫酸盐能够促进BTEX生物 可降解性;（4） 甲苯和二甲苯容易被生物降解,但苯的去除具有一定的难度。     

湘黔地区震旦纪菌藻硅质岩特征及形成机理探讨

湘黔地区震旦纪菌藻硅质岩化学成分纯净,硅质矿物含量95%以上,几乎都为泥晶—微晶石英,石英结晶度平均为6.35。岩石具菌藻生物结构,以纹层状构造为主。其中丰富的菌藻生物化石,按形态可划分为三种类型。岩石属原生沉积成因,二氧化硅的聚沉一方面通过菌藻有机体的硅化作用,另一方面是菌藻生物化学作用引起微环境变化而导致二氧化硅的聚沉。