2013年夏季黄、渤海颗粒有机碳分布及来源分析

本文根据2013年夏季黄、渤海海域航次获得的颗粒有机碳(particulate organic carbon, POC)、叶绿素a(chlorophyll a, Chl a)和总悬浮颗粒物(total suspended particles, TSP)数据,结合同步获得的水文环境参数,综合探讨该区夏季POC时空分布特征,以及在不同温盐深水团中POC的主要影响因素。结果表明:在整个研究区POC的浓度范围为102.3～1850.0 μg/L,平均值为(383.7±269.6) μg/L,分布呈现出近岸高、远海低、表层低、底层高的特征。苏北外浅滩海域和北黄海东北区域的10 m层和底层为POC高值区,苏北外海域受到陆源输入、沿岸流混合作用和浮游植物光合作用的影响,POC上下混合均匀且浓度高;南黄海中部因受黄海环流的影响,水体中浮游植物生产力水平低,POC浓度较低。在垂直分布上,近岸海域受陆源输入和再悬浮影响POC浓度高,上下混合均匀;在南黄海和北黄海中部受到黄海环流和黄海冷水团的控制,浮游植物生产力水平低,POC浓度低。对不同温盐水团中POC的影响因素分析发现,在高温低盐水团中,POC受浮游植物初级生产和陆源输入的共同影响;在温盐适中区真光层海水中,浮游植物的初级生产是POC的主要来源;底层的冷水团区,POC主要来源为上层海水中颗粒物的沉降和底层再悬浮作用。     

南北构造带北部香山地区中-新生代构造抬升事件

南北构造带北部位于鄂尔多斯地块和阿拉善地块,秦祁褶皱造山带和兴蒙褶皱带四大构造单元的结合交汇部位,演化历史复杂。本文以南北构造带北部香山地区为研究对象,探讨该区中-新生代的隆升过程和阶段。对采自香山地区的9件样品分别进行了锆石、磷灰石裂变径迹测年及热历史模拟分析。香山地区的裂变径迹年龄主要分布在4个区间,对应地质时代分别为晚三叠世末-早侏罗世、晚侏罗世末-早白垩世初、晚白垩世和始新世,反映出香山地区在这4个时期内发生了明显的冷却事件。而这4期冷却抬升事件与区域构造背景及野外地质特征均有很好的响应关系。同时热历史模拟表明,香山地区晚白垩世以来整体上经历了2期快速隆升事件,其中始新世的快速隆升主要是该区对鄂尔多斯地块新生代周缘裂陷解体事件的响应。值得注意的是,香山地区并未反映出8Ma左右的快速隆升,说明青藏高原隆升对该区的影响是较为有限的。     

贵州金沙县安洛煤矿仁和勘查区试井曲线分析

本文以安洛煤矿仁和勘查区为研究区,以地质勘探资料、现场样品分析及实验室测试成果为基础,通过注入/压降现场测试,使用saphir软件做了相关试井解释分析,选用具有井筒储集效应+表皮效应+径向复合井的模型,数值模拟了26-4孔特征鲜明的4#、8#和13#煤层,浅析该区煤储层基本地层特征。分析发现:注入初期压力波动大,压降阶段出现"回吐"现象,分析认为这可能与地层(煤层)具有较强的塑性且地层渗透性较差有关。从双对数曲线的开口较大,半对数曲线呈"厂"字形的形态看,本井煤层存在一定程度的污染。半对数曲线斜率发生变化,导数曲线上翘,并非反应某种边界,而是由于超过注水时间造成的。在试井过程中,储层渗透率受煤层有效厚度、流体水粘度控制极为显著;孔隙度和综合压缩系数对除储层渗透率以外其它储层参数的控制作用较为明显;流体地层体积系数在实际工作中可以忽略。     

SARS对中国入境旅游人数影响的研究

今年爆发的SARS对中国旅游业冲击很大。本文利用双变量ARIMA模型,结合突发事件后人的心理发展变化曲线研究本次突发事件对入境旅游人数的影响。根据同类事件旅游心理恢复期的研究,结合中国实际情况,笔者讨论了恢复期分别为12、18、24个月时,SARS对入境旅游人数的影响。当恢复期为12个月时,入境旅游同比增长率平均降幅为1796%,入境旅游人数共减少238493万人次;当恢复期为18个月时,入境旅游同比增长率平均降幅为1707%,入境旅游人数共减少311703万人次;当恢复期为24个月时,入境旅游同比增长率平均降幅为1655%,入境旅游人数共减少385233万人次。     

基于串口控制的人影作业指挥系统

介绍基于RS-232串口控制的人影作业指挥系统的串口通信硬件电路连接、程序结构和地理模型.     

高煤级煤的煤层气开发潜力——以沁水煤田为例

通过分析研究山西省沁水煤田的煤层气地质条件和储层特征,结合煤层气开发试验结果,对无烟煤等高煤级煤的煤层气资源开发潜力进行了评价。结果表明:无烟煤等高煤级煤只要煤储层特征参数组合匹配良好,尤其是在较简单的构造条件下,煤体结构完整,煤中裂隙网络较发育且保存较好,煤储层渗透率较高,煤层气资源开发就具有良好的前景。      

Transforming the Miocene Altyn Tagh fault slip into shortening of the north‐western Qilian Shan: insights from the drainage basin geometry

Although it has long been proposed that active crustal shortening within the Qilian Shan accommodates slip along the Altyn Tagh fault, questions regarding the temporal and spatial amount of slip transfer remain debated. Traditional shortening calculations cannot yet be made accurately, because the geology is not known well enough. Following the view that long, linear drainage basins in the north‐western Qilian Shan developed in response to internal shortening associated with slip transfer along the Altyn Tagh fault, we targeted this special irregular drainage basin geometry to develop an alternative way to estimate shortening. We infer a total of ~66 km of shortening in the western Qilian Shan with a north‐eastward decrease in the magnitude of shortening. This ~39% shortening strain is comparable to previous estimates. Estimates of dates of initiation support the view that significant shortening and topographical growth within the north‐western Qilian Shan occurred in post‐Middle Miocene time.     

A coupled model for simulating surface water and groundwater interactions in coastal wetlands

Coastal wetlands are characterized by strong, dynamic interactions between surface water and groundwater. This paper presents a coupled model that simulates interacting surface water and groundwater flow and solute transport processes in these wetlands. The coupled model is based on two existing (sub) models for surface water and groundwater, respectively: ELCIRC (a three‐dimensional (3‐D) finite‐volume/finite‐difference model for simulating shallow water flow and solute transport in rivers, estuaries and coastal seas) and SUTRA (a 3‐D finite‐element/finite‐difference model for simulating variably saturated, variable‐density fluid flow and solute transport in porous media). Both submodels, using compatible unstructured meshes, are coupled spatially at the common interface between the surface water and groundwater bodies. The surface water level and solute concentrations computed by the ELCIRC model are used to determine the boundary conditions of the SUTRA‐based groundwater model at the interface. In turn, the groundwater model provides water and solute fluxes as inputs for the continuity equations of surface water flow and solute transport to account for the mass exchange across the interface. Additionally, flux from the seepage face was routed instantaneously to the nearest surface water cell according to the local sediment surface slope. With an external coupling approach, these two submodels run in parallel using time steps of different sizes. The time step (Δt_g) for the groundwater model is set to be larger than that (Δt_s) used by the surface water model for computational efficiency: Δt_g = M × Δt_s where M is an integer greater than 1. Data exchange takes place between the two submodels through a common database at synchronized times (e.g. end of each Δt_g). The coupled model was validated against two previously reported experiments on surface water and groundwater interactions in coastal lagoons. The results suggest that the model represents well the interacting surface water and groundwater flow and solute transport processes in the lagoons. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

黑龙江省东部古生代—早中生代的构造演化:火成岩组合与碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学证据

黑龙江省东部松嫩—张广才岭地块与佳木斯地块之间的演化历史以及古亚洲洋构造体系与环太平洋构造体系的叠加与转化一直是地学领域研究的热点问题之一。依据该区古生代—早中生代火成岩的年代学与岩石组合研究,结合碎屑锆石的年代学研究成果,讨论了松嫩—张广才岭地块与佳木斯地块之间的演化历史以及两大构造体系叠加与转化的时间。锆石U-Pb定年结果表明:黑龙江省东部古生代—早中生代岩浆作用可划分成8期:早奥陶世(485Ma)、晚奥陶世(450Ma)、中志留世(425Ma)、中泥盆世(386Ma)、早二叠世(291Ma)、中二叠世(268 Ma)、晚三叠世(201～228 Ma)以及早侏罗世(184 Ma)。早奥陶世—中志留世,岩浆作用主要分布在松嫩—张广才岭地块的东缘,并呈南北向带状展布,主要由闪长岩-英云闪长岩-二长花岗岩组成,显示活动陆缘—碰撞的构造演化历史,揭示松嫩—张广才岭地块与佳木斯地块于中志留世(425Ma)已经拼合在一起,这也得到了早泥盆世地层碎屑锆石年代学的支持。中泥盆世,火山作用分布在佳木斯地块东缘和松嫩—张广才岭地块上,前者为双峰式火山岩组合,后者为A型流纹岩,它们共同揭示该区处于一种碰撞后的伸展环境。早二叠世,佳木斯地块东缘发育一套钙碱性火山岩组合,揭示古亚洲洋俯冲作用的存在,而同期的张广才岭地区则发育一套典型的双峰式火成岩组合,揭示了陆内伸展环境的存在。中二叠世,同碰撞型火山岩分布于佳木斯地块东缘及东南缘,其形成可能与佳木斯地块和兴凯地块的碰撞拼合有关。晚三叠世,张广才岭地区存在的双峰式火山岩和敦—密断裂东南区发育的A型流纹岩均显示陆内的伸展环境,其形成应与古亚洲洋最终闭合后的伸展环境相联系。此外,结合牡丹江断裂两侧均发育中—晚二叠世花岗岩以及佳木斯地块上晚三叠世—早侏罗世岩浆作用的缺失,暗示松嫩—张广才岭地块与佳木斯地块在三叠纪早期沿牡丹江断裂可能存在一次裂解事件。而早—中侏罗世陆缘(东宁—汪清—珲春)钙碱性火山岩和陆内(小兴安岭—张广才岭)双峰式火成岩组合的出现,结合牡丹江断裂两侧"张广才岭群"和"黑龙江群"构造混杂岩的就位,暗示松嫩—张广才岭地块与佳木斯地块在早—中侏罗世再次拼合,这也标志着环太平洋构造体系的开始。