Magnetostratigraphy of the Neogene Chaka basin and its implications for mountain building processes in the north‐eastern Tibetan Plateau

Magnetostratigraphy of sedimentary rock deposited in the Chaka basin (north‐eastern Tibetan Plateau) indicates a late Miocene onset of basin formation and subsequent development of the adjacent Qinghai Nan Shan. Sedimentation in the basin initiated at ～11 Ma. In the lower part of the basin fill, a coarsening‐upward sequence starting at ～9 Ma, as well as rapid sedimentation rates, and northward paleocurrents, are consistent with continued growth of the Ela Shan to the south. In the upper section, several lines of evidence suggest that thrust faulting and topographic development of the Qinghai Nan Shan began at ～6.1 Ma. Paleocurrent indicators, preserved in the basin in the proximal footwall of the Qinghai Nan Shan, show a change from northward to southward flow between 6.5 and 3.8 Ma. At the same location, sediment derived from the Qinghai Nan Shan appears at 6.1 Ma. Finally, the initiation of progressively shallowing dips observed in deformed basin strata and a change to pebbly, fluvial deposits at 6.1 Ma provide a minimum age for the onset of slip on the thrust fault that dips north‐east beneath the Qinghai Nan Shan. We interpret a decrease in sediment accumulation rates since ～6 Ma to indicate a reduction in Chaka basin accommodation space due to active faulting and folding along the Qinghai Nan Shan and incorporation of the basin into the wedge‐top depozone. Declination anomalies indicate the beginning of counter‐clockwise rotation since 6.1 Ma, which we associate with local deformation, not regional block rotation. The emergence of the Qinghai Nan Shan near the end of the Miocene Epoch partitioned the once contiguous Chaka‐Gonghe and Qinghai basin complex. In a regional framework, our study adds to a growing body of evidence that points to widespread initiation and/or reactivation of fault networks during the late Miocene across the north‐eastern Tibetan Plateau.     

近40年内蒙古候平均气温变化趋势近

基于1964-2003年内蒙古有关台站的逐日气温数据,对前20年(1964-1983年)和后20年(1984-2003年)的候平均气温中值进行了对比,并利用k-means方法进行了候平均气温变化趋势的聚类分析,旨在阐明内蒙古气温变化的时空特点和规律.研究结果表明:内蒙古全境年平均气温普遍上升,没有下降的现象.不同地区、不同季节气温变化格局不同,北部变暖比南部更为明显,冬季和夏末秋初变暖出现得更频繁.绝大部分地区大多数候平均气温都有所上升,而且候平均气温变化存在纬向地带性.大多数台站四季里都有一些显著升温的候,显著升温在冬季发生得更为频繁.同时,有少数几个候出现气温下降的现象,但未达到显著下降的程度.内蒙古绝大部分地区候最高、最低气温都有所升高,但二者的差值在缩小.候最低气温出现时间有所提前,候最高气温出现时间有提前也有推迟,但总体上不同地区候最高、最低气温出现时间更加同步.因此,候最高、最低气温的时空均一性有所增强.候最高气温出现时间与候最低气温出现时间的间隔有扩大迹象.总之,全球气候变暖降低了气温的季节和地区差异.     

塔里木盆地中南部麻扎塔格逆冲—褶皱带变形特征及其意义

麻扎塔格地区地层、地貌及构造变形特征的研究,对于认识塔里木盆地新生代构造演化过程、塔里木—西昆仑的盆山耦合关系、新构造运动对塔里木油气资源分布的影响以及塔克拉玛干沙漠的气候、环境变化都具有重要意义。本文通过卫星照片解译、野外变形观察、剖面实测、地球物理资料解释等手段,对该地区晚新生代的构造特征进行了研究,确定了麻扎塔格构造带为典型的逆冲—褶皱带,并探讨了麻扎塔格逆冲—褶皱带的构造指向、活动时限、隆升速率及缩短速率、东西方向的延伸等问题,取得如下认识:1)麻扎塔格逆冲—褶皱带为西昆仑山前陆褶皱冲断带的前缘部位,和田河气田就是处在逆冲前锋背斜顶部,晚新生代变形作用已明显地改造了塔里木盆地南部及中部的古生代和中生代构造,并促成了和田河气田的形成;2)麻扎塔格山在中新世末(约7 Ma)和中更新世(约780 ka B.P.)经历了两次构造隆升,后一次形成了麻扎塔格逆冲—褶皱带和麻扎塔格山现今的地貌特征;3)估算出麻扎塔格逆冲—褶皱带中更新世以来的隆升速率约为0.26～0.4 mm/a,缩短速率约为0.9 mm/a;4)认为麻扎塔格逆冲—褶皱带向西应与同属西昆仑山前褶皱—冲断带前缘的喀什背斜相连,东端的突然消失可能是由于东段和田河附近存在北东—南西向的走滑断层造成。     

Chronology and geochemistry of Mesozoic granitoids in the Bengbu area,central China: Constraints on the tectonic evolution of the eastern North China Craton

We performed zircon U–Pb dating and analyses of major and trace elements, and Sr–Nd–Pb isotopes for granitoids in the Bengbu area, central China, with the aim of constraining the magma sources and tectonic evolution of the eastern North China Craton (NCC). The analyzed zircons show typical fine-scale oscillatory zoning, indicating a magmatic origin. Zircon U–Pb dating reveals granitoids of two ages: Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous (²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U ages of 160 Ma and 130–110 Ma, respectively). The Late Jurassic rocks (Jingshan intrusion) consist of biotite-syenogranite, whereas the Early Cretaceous rocks (Huaiguang, Xilushan, Nushan, and Caoshan intrusions) are granodiorite, syenogranite, and monzogranite. The Late Jurassic biotite-syenogranites and Early Cretaceous granitoids have the following common geochemical characteristics: SiO₂ = 70.35–74.56 wt.%, K₂O/Na₂O = 0.66–1.27 (mainly < 1.0), and A/CNK = 0.96–1.06, similar to I-type granite. The examined rocks are characterized by enrichment in light rare earth elements, large ion lithophile elements, and U; depletion in heavy rare earth elements, Nb, and Ta; and high initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0.7081–0.7110) and low ε_Nd (t) values (? 14.40 to ? 22.77), indicating a crustal origin.The occurrence of Neoproterozoic magmatic zircons (850 Ma) and inherited early Mesozoic (208–228 Ma) metamorphic zircons within the Late Jurassic biotite-syenogranites, together with the occurrence of Neoproterozoic magmatic zircons (657 and 759 Ma) and inherited early Mesozoic (206–231 Ma) metamorphic zircons within the Early Cretaceous Nushan and Xilushan granitoids, suggests that the primary magmas were derived from partial melting of the Yangtze Craton (YC) basement. In contrast, the occurrence of Paleoproterozoic and Paleoarchean inherited zircons within the Huaiguang granitoids indicates that their primary magmas mainly originated from partial melting of the NCC basement. The occurrence of YC basement within the lower continental crust of the eastern NCC indicates that the YC was subducted to the northwest beneath the NCC, along the Tan-Lu fault zone, during the early Mesozoic.     

软岩巷道聚丙烯混凝土钢筋网壳复合衬砌试验及工程应用研究

根据大跨度空间壳体力学原理,研究聚丙烯网壳锚喷支护新技术。其技术特色是用一种在地面加工成型的特殊三维钢筋支架代替普通的二维钢筋网,大幅度提高了锚网喷结构的支撑能力,不需要使用型钢支架、锚索、围岩注浆等手段进行加固就能有效地支护高地压大变形巷道、跨采动压巷道、冲击地压巷道以及大断面硐室等。依托西山煤电集团大巷破碎段修复工程,完成了聚丙烯纤维混凝土钢筋网壳复合衬砌支护结构的室内模型试验,研究了复合衬砌的变形、破坏形态与发展规律。现场应用表明,在不降低支护的承载能力的情况下,与重型金属支架相比,该支护形式降低了钢材用量和混凝土回弹量,且具有良好的柔性,是软岩巷道一种优良的让压支护结构,具有较好的推广应用前景。     

济南环境地质

济南市历史文化悠久,文物古迹众多,泉水驰名中外,古城格局独特,是融山、泉、湖、河、城为一体的山水城市,是国家级历史文化名城。本文分析了济南地质环境的形成条件及其独特的自然环境优势,对其地质环境现状进行了评价,提出了开发与保护建议,认为济南具有建设成为现代化多功能区域中心城市的优越环境条件。     

MAPGIS在遥感解译中的应用

MAPGIS是国内优秀的、集GIS功能与遥感图像处理功能于一体的软件平台。本文简要介绍了其专业图像处理子系统的基本功能，并根据笔者工作体会，总结出利用该软件开展遥感解译、制作数字化专题图的工作流程。     

北京山地系统的土地利用控制与景观生态环境建设规划

在分析北京山地系统的三大景观生态区域的现状和土地利用特点以及存在的生态环境问题基础上提出北京市景观生态环境建设的规划分区原则 ,那立北京市的三个一级规划分区和 8个类型区 ,指出各区的土地利用调整和类型区的景观生态环境建设方向。本文建立土地利用控制分区与生态环境建设相结合的规划模式 ,体现两个《规划》的基本要求 ,从而将人类经济活动、土地资源利用和生态环境建设融合在一起 ,实现土地利用规划“一保吃饭 ,二保建设 ,三保生态环境”的原则。     

云南墨江金矿床含金石英脉中流体包裹体的地球化学特征及其意义

本文对含金石英脉中流体包裹体进行了研究 ,结果表明主阶段石英中流体包裹体均一温度为 1 2 2～ 30 6℃ ,存在两个区间分别为 1 30～ 2 2 0℃、2 5 0～ 2 70℃ ,均一温度在水平和垂直方向存在规律性变化 ,盐度主要集中在3%～8%NaCl范围内 ,密度为 0 .80～ 0 .95g/cm3 ,流体包裹体具有相对稳定的气液比 ,流体包裹体气液相成分与典型的岩浆水和大气降水不同。结合氢氧锶和稀有气体同位素研究 ,认为墨江金矿成矿流体曾发生过部分地幔流体、大气降水等多种类型水不充分的混合 ,水岩反应和多种流体混合可能为墨江金矿矿质迁移沉淀主要机制。结合哀牢山金矿带成矿流体类似性和流体包裹体特征分析认为墨江金矿深部可能存在有含金石英脉型矿体。