Influence of geology in the geochemistry signature of Itacolomi State Park waters,Minas Gerais-Brazil

In all geological scenarios, mineral water reactions will affect the water chemistry. As such, water resources in different rocks commonly involve different hydrogeological compartments. The aim of this work is to evaluate the influence of geology in the geochemistry signature of Itacolomi State Park waters. To do so, a survey of the geological units in the area was carried out, a geological/stratigraphic division was made, and its correlation with the main geological events was determined. Using the advantages of GIS, all the catchments were delimited. Based on this division, near 30 stream and lake segments were chosen for analyses. In each point, all physiochemical properties of the water were measured, and samples were collected to determine the concentrations of major and trace elements by ICP–OES. The dynamics of the Itacolomi State Park rock-soil and stream water solutions suggest that mixing of drainage waters from different bedrock and soil sources regulates stream water physical–chemical parameters and solute concentrations. The analytical data showed a clear correlation between the chemical compositions of the solute and the geological characteristics of the catchment. Units that are covered by iron oxide hardpan (Manso unit) and iron-banded formations (Custódio unit) show a large amount of soluble elements, including high values of Fe and Mn. On the other hand, the presence of high values of Al and K (Itacolomi unit) are a direct consequence of the presence of quartzite associated with low pH values.     

胶东苏鲁地体范家埠金矿成矿作用与矿床成因浅析:兼与胶北地体金矿对比

范家埠金矿是胶东半岛苏鲁地体内规模最大的石英脉型金矿。含金石英脉中锆石阴极发光和LA-ICP-MS微量元素及U-Pb同位素分析结果表明,含金石英脉中的锆石均为捕获围岩(新元古代威海片麻状花岗岩)的岩浆锆石,其中15个颗粒在U-Pb图解上位于谐和线上,其206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为(726±14)Ma(MSWD=4.6);另外7颗锆石位于不一致线上,其上交点年龄为(758±25)Ma,下交点年龄为(123±11)Ma(MSWD=0.45)。这些锆石的下交点年龄与金矿脉旁侧斜闪煌斑岩脉的角闪石40Ar/39Ar年龄分别为(118.8±1.6)Ma和(117.5±1.5)Ma,在误差范围内一致,表明范家埠金矿的成矿时代为120Ma左右。由此认为,苏鲁地体和胶北地体的金矿成矿作用均发生于早白垩世晚期120Ma前后,与目前多数人认为的华北克拉通岩石圈减薄的峰期时间一致,表明苏鲁地体的金矿成矿受岩石圈减薄的构造背景控制。范家埠金矿床成矿流体具中高温、中高盐度15.5%～23.2%(NaCleq)、低δ18OH2O(-3.84‰～-4.05‰)和低δDH2O(-82.5‰～-80.8‰)值等特点,载金矿物黄铁矿富32S(δ34S=-5.5‰～-9.1‰),与含油气盆地热卤水的组成相近,暗示范家埠金矿的成矿流体可能来源于中生代胶莱盆地。这种盆地流体沿断裂——五莲—米山深大断裂及其次级构造迁移,同时萃取基底岩石中的金形成含矿热液并在还原的环境中成矿。相反,胶北地体大量金矿床成矿流体具有低盐度、高δ18OH2O和δDH2O,δ34S(‰)为正值等特点。胶北和苏鲁地体早白垩世金成矿强度和成矿作用的差异可能反映了两者在地壳基底、流体来源和成矿环境等方面的不同。     

Improving the descendant relationship of cluster galaxies at z < 1

In this work, we study how to improve well-known techniques for detecting progenitors/descendants of galaxies, such as the NDpredict program, when applied to galaxies in clusters. The improvement of this particular method is based on the use of the red sequence of galaxies in those environments. Objects close to the red sequence in the color and magnitude diagram are more likely to belong to the cluster. This defines a probability scale which is then combined with the one generated by NDpredict. This procedure is optimized for the study of galaxies in clusters over different epochs. Our main result is that, for a sample composed of $120$ clusters, with masses greater than ${10}^{13.25}{M}_{\odot }$, selected from the IllustrisTNG simulations (namely, the TNG100 runs). In $99\%$ of the cases (i.e., $119$ systems), we obtain better performance with the red sequence method in comparison to the original NDpredict, and the average gain obtained is $28\%$ in the identification of descendants for this sample of cluster galaxies.