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The Great Lakes shoreline in Ontario is subject to severe flooding and erosion due to frequent high water level periods and storm events leading to wind and wave action. After extensive property damages in 1985 and 1986, the province established a shoreline management program to be administered by the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. A key component of this program is the development of Great Lakes shoreline management plans by Ontario conservation authorities. A review of three such plans reveals a focus on understanding the range and frequency of shoreline flooding and erosion, and the use of land use regulations and shoreline protection structures to reduce the impact from these hazards. Limited attention and responses are provided for the range of issues and concerns that occur in these shoreline areas such as ecosystem management, species and habitat protection, and water quality. A lack of consistency, enforcement, monitoring and coordination occurs in the provincial program which has also recently been affected by related land use and environmental planning initiatives and government financial restraints. 相似文献
985.
Effects of oil on phytoplankton metabolism in natural and experimental estuarine ponds 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Armando A. De La Cruz 《Marine environmental research》1982,7(4):257-263
A low level oil spill was simulated in small shallow natural estuarine marsh ponds in Ocean Springs and in experimental impoundments near St. Louis Bay, Mississippi. In the natural tidal pond in situ light and dark BOD bottle experiments on the phytoplankton community revealed a 44 to 65 % reduction in primary production and a 30 to 50 % reduction in respiration 2 weeks after spillage of 1·45 mg Empire Mix crude oil per litre of water. Two months after the spill, primary productivity and respiration in the oiled pond were only 17% and 7% lower, respectively than in the control pond. In the experimental impoundments at a concentration of 0·2 mg Arabian, Empire Mix and Nigerian oil per litre of water, in situ radiocarbon uptake by phytoplankton was lower—but not significantly lower—than that of the control impoundment. One to two months later, primary productivity was significantly higher in the Nigerian and Arabian oil ponds than control and Empire Mix ponds. The changes in plankton metabolism in both natural ponds and impoundments were evaluated on the basis of data simultaneously obtained from adjoining control ponds. 相似文献
986.
秦皇岛市海岸风成沙丘的研究 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
秦皇岛市北戴河向南直至滦河河口发育着我国最长的沙丘海岸,沙丘高约20~30m,最高42m。在沙丘发育最充分的地区自岸向陆,沙丘按形态可分成岸前沙丘,沿岸主沙丘链,斜向沙丘链和平坦沙席等4种类型。沙丘由分选极好的中细砂组成,具有微弱的负偏态和双跃移特征。沙丘内部发育有高角度板状交错层理、低角度楔状交错层理等层理构造。滦河新三角洲和沿岸海滩的丰富沙源、向岸和离岸两盛行风的频繁交替以及适宜的空旷地形空间是塑造沙丘的主要条件。加强管理,保护沙丘的自然面貌是当务之急。 相似文献
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David A Brown Richard W Gossett G Patrick Hershelman Charles F Ward Alvin M Westcott Jeffrey N Cross 《Marine environmental research》1986,18(4)
Sediments and organisms were examined for concentrations of organic and metal contaminants from near the Los Angeles County (JWPCP) municipal outfall at Palos Verdes (PV) station 7-3, the Los Angeles City (Hyperion) municipal outfall at Santa Monica Bay (SMB) station 6-4 and reference station SMB 2–3 near Malibu Beach. Flows and mass emission rates of suspended solids, PCBs, Cd and Zn were similar at the two outfalls. Mass emission rate of copper was almost twice as high from Hyperion as from JWPCP, while mass emission rate of DDTs was an order or magnitude higher from JWPCP than from Hyperion.Surficial sediments at PV 7-3 were enriched in most contaminants relative to SMB 6-4 and relative to the mass emission rates of contaminants from the JGVPCP and Hyperion outfalls. Some of this enrichment could be accounted for by the greater accumulation of organic material, measured as total volatile solids, at PV 7-3 relative to SMB 6-4. Some might be accounted for by resurfacing of more contaminated historical deposits buried at PV 7-3. Some of the enrichment of DDTs relative to PCBs could be accounted for by the greater abundance of oxygenated metabolites of PCBs (PCBols) relative to DDTs (DDTols) in sediments.The degree of contamination of organisms by DDTs increased with proximity to PV 7-3 but contamination by PCBs was similar at PV 7-3 and SMB 6-4. DDT concentrations in fish livers ranged from 12 ± 4 (
) mg/wet kg in longspine combfish from SMB 2–3 to 610 ± 105 (n = 5) mg/wet kg in Pacific sanddab from PV 7-3. DDT concentrations in fish gonads ranged from 0·003 ± 0·003 (n = 5) mg/wet kg in yellowchin sculpin from SMB 6-4 to 1.5 ± 6 (n = 3) mg/wet kg in Pacific sanddabs from PV 7-3. PCB concentrations in fish livers ranged from 1·2 ± 0·4 (n = 4) mg/wet kg in yellowchin sculpin from SMB 2–3 to 16 ± 3 (n = 6) in Pacific Sanddab from SMB 6-4. DDT and PCB concentrations in invertebrate hepatopancreas were only slightly lower than those in fish livers. DDTols and PCBoIs comprised an average of 91 % of the total of parent compounds and oxygenated metabolites in sediments and 66 % in livers and hepatopancreas. Trace metals were frequently decreased in livers and hepatopancreas from near outfalls even though they were highly elevated in sediments.Comparison of sediment and tissue chlorinated hydrocarbon data with that from Elliot and Commencement Bays, Puget Sound, indicated that none of the southern California coastal stations considered in this study were sufficiently lacking contamination to be considered as adequate control sites. 相似文献