全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1427篇 |
免费 | 81篇 |
国内免费 | 17篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 26篇 |
大气科学 | 107篇 |
地球物理 | 372篇 |
地质学 | 521篇 |
海洋学 | 123篇 |
天文学 | 233篇 |
综合类 | 12篇 |
自然地理 | 131篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 9篇 |
2022年 | 5篇 |
2021年 | 28篇 |
2020年 | 24篇 |
2019年 | 23篇 |
2018年 | 47篇 |
2017年 | 44篇 |
2016年 | 49篇 |
2015年 | 45篇 |
2014年 | 61篇 |
2013年 | 101篇 |
2012年 | 58篇 |
2011年 | 87篇 |
2010年 | 72篇 |
2009年 | 102篇 |
2008年 | 79篇 |
2007年 | 63篇 |
2006年 | 62篇 |
2005年 | 59篇 |
2004年 | 53篇 |
2003年 | 45篇 |
2002年 | 58篇 |
2001年 | 21篇 |
2000年 | 19篇 |
1999年 | 21篇 |
1998年 | 21篇 |
1997年 | 18篇 |
1996年 | 27篇 |
1995年 | 18篇 |
1994年 | 14篇 |
1993年 | 3篇 |
1992年 | 20篇 |
1991年 | 5篇 |
1990年 | 9篇 |
1989年 | 9篇 |
1988年 | 11篇 |
1987年 | 11篇 |
1986年 | 7篇 |
1985年 | 12篇 |
1984年 | 14篇 |
1983年 | 13篇 |
1982年 | 15篇 |
1981年 | 10篇 |
1980年 | 13篇 |
1979年 | 6篇 |
1978年 | 6篇 |
1977年 | 8篇 |
1976年 | 7篇 |
1975年 | 4篇 |
1973年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有1525条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
911.
912.
913.
GUNTHER KLETETSCHKA Peter J. WASILEWSKI Patrick T. TAYLOR 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2000,35(5):895-899
Abstract— Recent discovery of intense magnetic anomalies on Mars, which are due to remanent magnetization, requires some explanation for the possible minerals responsible for the anomalous signature. Thermoremanent magnetization (TRM) in single domain (SD) and multidomain (MD) sized magnetite, hematite, and pyrrhotite, all potential minerals, are considered. The intensity of TRM (in 0.05 mT) is in descending order: SD‐sized magnetite, SD‐sized pyrrhotite, MD‐sized hematite, MD‐sized pyrrhotite, MD‐sized magnetite, SD‐sized hematite. The TRM intensity is <4% of the saturation isothermal remanence (SIRM) for all but the MD hematite, which may have >50% of the SIRM. Each of these minerals and estimated concentrations of magnetic remanence carriers (assumed to be titanomagnetite) in the Shergotty‐Nakhla‐Chassigny martian meteorites are used in a thin sheet approximation model to reveal the concentration of each mineral required for the generation of an observed magnetic anomaly (1500 nT at 100 km altitude) assuming TRM acquisition in a 0.05 mT magnetic field. 相似文献
914.
915.
Federica Costantini Marco Taviani Alessandro Remia Eleonora Pintus Patrick J. Schembri Marco Abbiati 《Marine Ecology》2010,31(2):261-269
The precious red coral Corallium rubrum (L., 1758) lives in the Mediterranean Sea and adjacent Eastern Atlantic Ocean on subtidal hard substrates. Corallium rubrum is a long‐lived gorgonian coral that has been commercially harvested since ancient times for its red axial calcitic skeleton and which, at present, is thought to be in decline because of overexploitation. The depth distribution of C. rubrum is known to range from c. 15 to 300 m. Recently, live red coral colonies have been observed in the Strait of Sicily at depths of c. 600–800 m. This record sheds new light on the ecology, biology, biogeography and dispersal mechanism of this species and calls for an evaluation of the genetic divergence occurring among highly fragmented populations. A genetic characterization of the deep‐sea red coral colonies has been done to investigate biological processes affecting dispersal and population resilience, as well as to define the level of isolation/differentiation between shallow‐ and deep‐water populations of the Mediterranean Sea. Deep‐water C. rubrum colonies were collected at two sites (south of Malta and off Linosa Island) during the cruise MARCOS of the R/V Urania. Collected colonies were genotyped using a set of molecular markers differing in their level of polymorphism. Microsatellites have been confirmed to be useful markers for individual genotyping of C. rubrum colonies. ITS‐1 and mtMSH sequences of deep‐water red coral colonies were found to be different from those found in shallow water colonies, suggesting the possible occurrence of genetic isolation among shallow‐ and deep‐water populations. These findings suggest that genetic diversity of red coral over its actual range of depth distribution is shaped by complex interactions among geological, historical, biological and ecological processes. 相似文献
916.
Gavin M. Elliott Patrick M. Shannon Peter D.W. HaughtonLena K. Øvrebø 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2010
The Rockall Bank Mass Flow (RBMF) is a large, multi-phase submarine slope failure and mass flow complex. It is located in an area where the Feni Drift impinges upon the eastern flank of the Rockall Bank in the NE Atlantic. A 6100 km2 region of slope failure scarps, extending over a wide water depth range and with individual scarps reaching up to 22 km long and 150 m high, lies upslope of a series of mass flow lobes that cover at least 18,000 km2 of the base of slope and floor of the Rockall Trough. The downslope lobe complex has a negative topographic relief along much of its northern boundary, being inset below the level of the undisplaced contourite drift at the base of slope. The southern margin is topographically more subtle but is marked by the sharp termination of sediment waves outside the lobe. Within the lobe complex the southern margin of the largest lobe shows a positive relief along its southern margin. The initial failure is suggested to have occurred along coherent layer-parallel detachment surfaces at depths of up to 100 m and this promoted initial downslope block sliding which in turn transformed into debris flows which moved out into the basin. The remains of a deep erosional moat linked to the onlapping contourite complex bisects the region of failed slope, and post-failure thermohaline currents have continued to modify the mass flow in this area. Differential sedimentation and erosion associated with the moat may have promoted slope instability. Following the major failure phase, continuous readjustments of the slope occurred and resulted in small-volume turbidites found in shallow gravity cores collected on the lobes. The short term trigger for the failure remains uncertain but earthquake events associated with a deep-seated tectonic lineament to the north of the mass flow may have been important. A Late Pleistocene age for the slope failure is likely. The RBMF is unusual in that it records large-scale collapse of a contourite body that impinged on a sediment-undersupplied slope system. Unlike many other large slope failure complexes along the NE Atlantic margin, the RBMF occurs in a region where there was little overloading by glacial sediment. 相似文献
917.
918.
919.
In this study, electrospray ionization coupled to Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI-FTICR-MS) is utilized to molecularly characterize DOM as it is transported along a river to estuary to ocean transect of the lower Chesapeake Bay system. The ultrahigh resolving power (greater than 500,000) and mass accuracy of FTICR-MS allow for the resolution of the thousands of components in a single DOM sample, and can therefore elucidate the molecular-level changes that occur during DOM transformation from a terrestrial location to the marine environment. An important feature of FTICR-MS is that its sensitivity allows for direct analysis of low salinity samples without employing the traditional concentration approaches involving C18 extraction or ultrafiltration. To evaluate the advantages of using direct analysis, a C18 extract of riverine water is compared to its whole, unfractionated water, and it was determined that the C18 extraction is selective in that it eliminates two major series of compounds. One group is aliphatic amines/amides that are not adsorbed to the C18 disk because they exist as positive ions prior to extraction. The second group is tannin-like compounds with higher oxygen contents and a more polar quality that also allow them not to be adsorbed to the C18 disk. This direct approach could not be used for brackish/saline waters, so the C18 method is resorted to for those samples. Along the subject transect, a significant difference is observed in the molecular composition of DOM, as determined from assigned molecular formulas. The DOM tends to become more aliphatic and contain lower abundances of oxygen-rich molecules as one progresses from inshore to the offshore. A considerable amount of molecular formula overlap does exist between samples from sites along the transect. This can be explained as either the presence of refractory material that persists throughout the transect, due to its resistance to degradation, or that the assigned molecular formulas are the same but the chemical structures are different. ESI-FTICR-MS is a powerful technique for the investigation of DOM and has the ability to detect compositional variations along the river to ocean transect. Visualization tools such as two dimensional and three dimensional van Krevelen diagrams greatly assist in highlighting the shift from the more aromatic, terrestrial DOM to the more aliphatic, marine DOM. 相似文献
920.
Mohammad M. Sohrabi Daniele Tonina Rohan Benjankar Mukesh Kumar Patrick Kormos Danny Marks Charlie Luce 《水文研究》2019,33(8):1260-1275
Hydrological processes in mountainous settings depend on snow distribution, whose prediction accuracy is a function of model spatial scale. Although model accuracy is expected to improve with finer spatial resolution, an increase in resolution comes with modelling costs related to increased computational time and greater input data and parameter information. This computational and data collection expense is still a limiting factor for many large watersheds. Thus, this work's main objective is to question which physical processes lead to loss in model accuracy with regard to input spatial resolution under different climatic conditions and elevation ranges. To address this objective, a spatially distributed snow model, iSnobal, was run with inputs distributed at 50‐m—our benchmark for comparison—and 100‐m resolutions and with aggregated (averaged from the fine to the large resolution) inputs from the 50‐m model to 100‐, 250‐, 500‐, and 750‐m resolution for wet, average, and dry years over the Upper Boise River Basin (6,963 km2), which spans four elevation bands: rain dominated, rain–snow transition, and snow dominated below treeline and above treeline. Residuals, defined as differences between values quantified with high resolution (>50 m) models minus the benchmark model (50 m), of simulated snow‐covered area (SCA) and snow water equivalent (SWE) were generally slight in the aggregated scenarios. This was due to transferring the effects of topography on meteorological variables from the 50‐m model to the coarser scales through aggregation. Residuals in SCA and SWE in the distributed 100‐m simulation were greater than those of the aggregated 750 m. Topographic features such as slope and aspect were simplified, and their gradient was reduced due to coarsening the topography from the 50‐ to 100‐m resolution. Therefore, solar radiation was overestimated, and snow drifting was modified and caused substantial SCA and SWE underestimation in the distributed 100‐m model relative to the 50‐m model. Large residuals were observed in the wet year and at the highest elevation band when and where snow mass was large. These results support that model accuracy is substantially reduced with model scales coarser than 50 m. 相似文献