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31.
BLÁZQUEZ-CASADO Ángela GONZÁLEZ-OLABARRIA José R. MARTÍN-ALCÓN Santiago JUST Ariadna CABRÉ Mariló COLL Lluís 《山地科学学报》2015,197(4):841-853
We evaluated how historical storm events have shaped the current forest landscape in three Pyrenean subalpine forests (NE Spain). For this purpose we related forest damage estimations obtained from multi-temporal aerial photographic comparisons to the current forest typology generated from airborne LiDAR data, and we examined the role of past natural disturbance on the current spatial distribution of forest structural types. We found six forest structural types in the landscape: early regeneration (T1 and T2), young even-aged stands (T3), uneven-aged stands (T4) and adult stands (T5 and T6). All of the types were related to the timing and severity of past storms, with early-regeneration structures being found in areas markedly affected in recent times, and adult stands predominating in those areas that had suffered lowest damage levels within the study period. In general, landscapes where high or medium levels of damage were recurrent also presented higher levels of spatial heterogeneity, whereas the opposite pattern was found in the less markedly affected landscape, characterized by the presence of large regular patches. Our results show the critical role that storm regimes in terms of timing and severity of past storms can play in shaping current forest structure and future dynamics in subalpine forests. The knowledge gained could be used to help define alternative forest management strategies oriented toward the enhancement of landscape heterogeneity as a measure to face future environmental uncertainty. 相似文献
32.
A New Genus and Species of Damsel-Dragonfly (Odonata: Isophlebioidea: Campterophlebiidae) in the Middle Jurassic of Inner Mongolia, China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The campterophlebiid new genus and species Ctenogampsophlebia reni is described from the Middle Jurassic of Inner Mongolia, China. It shows close similarities with the Lower to Middle Jurassic genera Gampsophlebia, and Petrophlebia, with closed and short subdiscoidal cells, confirming the attribution of these two other genera to the Campterophlebiidae. 相似文献
33.
Simone Bizzi Marco Tangi Rafael J. P. Schmitt John Pitlick Hervé Piégay Andrea Francesco Castelletti 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2021,46(14):2946-2962
In this article we apply the CASCADE network-scale sediment connectivity model to the Vjosa River in Albania. The Vjosa is one of the last unimpaired braided rivers in Europe and, at the same time, a data scarce environment, which limits our ability to model how this pristine river might respond to future human disturbance. To initialize the model, we use remotely sensed data and modeled hydrology from a regional model. We perform a reach-by-reach optimization of surface grain size distribution (GSD) and bedload transport capacity to ensure equilibrium conditions throughout the network. In order to account for the various sources of uncertainty in the calculation of transport capacity, we performed a global sensitivity analysis. The modeled GSD distributions generated by the sensitivity analysis generally match the six GSDs measured at different locations within the network. The modeled bedload sediment fluxes increase systematically downstream, and annual fluxes at the outlet of the Vjosa are well within an order of magnitude of fluxes derived from previous estimates of the annual suspended sediment load. We then use the modeled sediment fluxes as input to a set of theoretically derived functions that successfully discriminate between multi-thread and single-thread channel patterns. This finding provides additional validation of the model results by showing a clear connection between modeled sediment concentrations and observed river morphology. Finally, we observe that a reduction in sediment flux of about 50% (e.g., due to dams) would likely cause existing braided reaches to shift toward single thread morphology. The proposed method is widely applicable and opens a new avenue for application of network-scale sediment models that aid in the exploration of river stability to changes in water and sediment fluxes. 相似文献
34.
Castro-Miguel Rutilio Legorreta-Paulín Gabriel Bonifaz-Alfonzo Roberto Aceves-Quesada José Fernando Castillo-Santiago Miguel Ángel 《Natural Hazards》2022,113(1):767-788
Natural Hazards - Little study has been done on the effect of the pixel neighborhood information when modeling landslide susceptibility using multiple logistic regression (MLR). The present... 相似文献
35.
36.
Validation of Landslide Susceptibility Maps; Examples and Applications from a Case Study in Northern Spain 总被引:9,自引:3,他引:9
Remondo Juan González Alberto De Terán José Ramón Díaz Cendrero Antonio Fabbri Andrea Chung Chang-Jo F. 《Natural Hazards》2003,30(3):437-449
A procedure for validating landslide susceptibility maps wasapplied in a study area in northern Spain and the results obtained compared. Validationwas used to carry out sensitivity analysis for individual variables and combinationsof variables. The validity of different map-making methods was tested, as well as theutility of different types of Favourability Functions. The results obtained show thatvalidation is essential to determine the predictive value of susceptibility maps. Italso helps to better select the most suitable function and significant variables, thus improving the efficiency of the mapping process. Validation based on a temporal strategy makes it possible to derive hazard maps from susceptibility maps. 相似文献
37.
E. Pascale I. P. Waldmann C. J. MacTavish A. Papageorgiou A. Amaral-Rogers R. Varley V. Coudé du Foresto M. J. Griffin M. Ollivier S. Sarkar L. Spencer B. M. Swinyard M. Tessenyi G. Tinetti 《Experimental Astronomy》2015,40(2-3):601-619
EChOSim is the end-to-end time-domain simulator of the Exoplanet Characterisation Observatory (EChO) space mission. EChOSim has been developed to assess the capability of the EChO mission concept to detect and characterise the atmospheres of transiting exoplanets. Here we discuss the details of the EChOSim implementation and describe the models used to represent the instrument and to simulate the detection. Software simulators have assumed a central role in the design of new instrumentation and in assessing the level of systematics affecting the measurements of existing experiments. Thanks to its high modularity, EChOSim can simulate basic aspects of several existing and proposed spectrometers including instruments on the Hubble Space Telescope and Spitzer, ground-based and balloon-borne experiments. A discussion of different uses of EChOSim is given, including examples of simulations performed to assess the EChO mission. 相似文献
38.
Josep M. Trigo-Rodriguez José M. Madiedo Peter S. Gural Alberto J. Castro-Tirado Jordi Llorca Juan Fabregat Standa Vítek Pep Pujols 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》2008,102(1-4):231-240
By using high-resolution, low-scan-rate, all-sky CCD cameras, the SPanish Meteor Network (SPMN) is currently monitoring meteor
and fireball activity on a year round basis. Here are presented just a sampling of the accurate trajectory, radiant and orbital
data obtained for meteors imaged simultaneously from two SPMN stations during the continuous 2006–2007 coverage of meteor
and fireball monitoring. Typical astrometric uncertainty is 1–2 arc min, while velocity determination errors are of the order
of 0.1–0.5 km/s, which is dependent on the distance of each event to the station and its particular viewing geometry. The
cameras have demonstrated excellent performance for detecting meteor outbursts. The recent development of automatic detection
software is also providing real-time information on the global meteor activity. Finally, some examples of the all-sky CCD
cameras applications for detecting unexpected meteor activity are given. 相似文献
39.
Wagner José Barreto Ieda Scarminio Maria Cristina Solci Dílson Norio Ishikawa Melissa Tiemi Ogasawara Sônia Naomi Nomi Sônia Regina Giancoli Barreto 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2007,35(3):239-245
Seventeen physical and chemical parameters were obtained from a hydroelectric reservoir located in a tropical region in the south of Brazil. Multivariate Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Group Analysis (HGA) were used to identify the parameters discriminating the origin of water from the Tibagi and the Primeiro de Maio River, after it has passed the mixing region. The study was conducted during the dry and rainy seasons in July 2002 and February 2003 at three depths and three sampling sites located 0, 5, and 10 km away from the mixing region. The statistical methods showed to be appropriate for identifying the contribution of each tributary in the water mixing site of a complex water system. The most important discriminating parameter was the absorbance relation A(253 nm)/A(203 nm), followed by the concentrations of Fe(III), Mn(III), and Ni(II). An anthropogenic interference was found in the reservoir due to high Ni(II) and orthophosphate concentrations caused by a nearby town sewage discharge. The interference was more important during the dry periods due to the lower dispersion of the pollutants. Urgent initiatives should be taken from the state government to build treatment stations for the wastewater of the small cities around the Capivara hydroelectric reservoir to prevent the drinking water quality from deteriorating. 相似文献
40.
Sébastien Gogo Jean-Baptiste Paroissien Fatima Laggoun-Défarge Jean-Marc Antoine Léonard Bernard-Jannin Guillaume Bertrand Philippe Binet Stéphane Binet Guillaume Bouger Yohann Brossard Thierry Camboulive Jean-Pierre Caudal Stéphane Chevrier Geneviève Chiapiuso Benoît D'Angelo Pilar Durantez Chris Flechard André-Jean Francez Didier Galop Laure Gandois Daniel Gilbert Christophe Guimbaud Louis Hinault Adrien Jacotot Franck Le Moing Emilie Lerigoleur Gaël Le Roux Fabien Leroy Alexandre Lhosmot Qian Li Elodie Machado Da Silva Jean-Sébastien Moquet Juanita Mora-Gomez Laurent Perdereau Thomas Rosset Marie-Laure Toussaint 《水文研究》2021,35(6):e14244
Mitigating and adapting to global changes requires a better understanding of the response of the Biosphere to these environmental variations. Human disturbances and their effects act in the long term (decades to centuries) and consequently, a similar time frame is needed to fully understand the hydrological and biogeochemical functioning of a natural system. To this end, the ‘Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique’ (CNRS) promotes and certifies long-term monitoring tools called national observation services or ‘Service National d'Observation’ (SNO) in a large range of hydrological and biogeochemical systems (e.g., cryosphere, catchments, aquifers). The SNO investigating peatlands, the SNO ‘Tourbières’, was certified in 2011 ( https://www.sno-tourbieres.cnrs.fr/ ). Peatlands are mostly found in the high latitudes of the northern hemisphere and French peatlands are located in the southern part of this area. Thus, they are located in environmental conditions that will occur in northern peatlands in coming decades or centuries and can be considered as sentinels. The SNO Tourbières is composed of four peatlands: La Guette (lowland central France), Landemarais (lowland oceanic western France), Frasne (upland continental eastern France) and Bernadouze (upland southern France). Thirty target variables are monitored to study the hydrological and biogeochemical functioning of the sites. They are grouped into four datasets: hydrology, fluvial export of organic matter, greenhouse gas fluxes and meteorology/soil physics. The data from all sites follow a common processing chain from the sensors to the public repository. The raw data are stored on an FTP server. After operator or automatic processing, data are stored in a database, from which a web application extracts the data to make them available ( https://data-snot.cnrs.fr/data-access/ ). Each year at least, an archive of each dataset is stored in Zenodo, with a digital object identifier (DOI) attribution ( https://zenodo.org/communities/sno_tourbieres_data/ ). 相似文献