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541.
Prakash Kumar Shrivastava Rajesh Asthana Sandip Kumar Roy 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2011,78(2):117-123
Recession of the snout of Dakshin Gangotri glacier in the western part of Schirmacher Oasis, East Antarctica has been recorded
over two decades. However, the rate of retreat is not uniform and varies at different locations. The ice wall forming the
western flank of the glacier has shown an average retreat of 17.07 m between 2001 and 2009 while the snout had gone back by
6.94 m (average) during the same period. Before 2001, the snout had shown a complete recession of 3.13 m (average). The snout
occupies valley area receiving less amount of solar radiation as compared to the western wall, which is a vertical cliff receiving
maximum amount of solar radiation. The notable difference in the rate of recession in different parts of the Dakshin Gangotri
glacier overriding Schirmacher Oasis can be attributed to combined effect of natural factors, including meteorological parameters,
ice sheet dynamics and geomorphology of that area. 相似文献
542.
Sanjay Kumar Shukla Ashish Gupta Nagaratnam Sivakugan 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2011,29(4):613-618
In this paper, an analytical expression for the deflection of a thin circular elastic plate resting on the Pasternak foundation
is derived by adopting the strain energy approach. The parametric study is carried out to observe the location of the plate
lift-off and the variation of the deflection profiles for comparing the variation pattern reported in the literature based
on an approximate solution technique. It is found that the radial distance of the point of lift-off of the plate decreases
with increase in the values of both the shear modulus and the modulus of subgrade reaction of the foundation soil; the reduction
being more for their lower values. It is also observed that the variation in deflection of the plate at any radial distance
due to change in soil subgrade conditions is significant for lower values of modulus of subgrade reaction. 相似文献
543.
In the present paper, the analysis of a strip footing resting on a layered soil system has been carried out considering the elastic moduli of soil layers as random variables. Three layers of soil have been considered and the analysis employs Monte Carlo simulation. The modulus of elasticity has been considered as random variable having lognormal distribution. Factors of safety with respect to settlement of footing and the interfacial stresses have been determined and have been related to the associated risk factor and coefficient of variation of the random variable. A detailed parametric study revealed that for a given risk level, the factors of safety is strongly dependent on the coefficient of variation of elastic modulus and only mildly upon other parameters of the soil?Cfoundation system. This facilitated the development of closed form equations for the upper bounds on factors of safety only in terms of allowable risk of failure and the coefficient of variation of elastic modulus. 相似文献
544.
Movement of seasonal eddies in the Bay of Bengal (BOB) and its relation with cyclonic heat potential (CHP) and cyclogenesis
points have been investigated in this study using 6 years (2002–2007) of global ocean monthly analysis datasets based on the
Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA) package (SODA v2.0.4) of Carton et al. (2005) and Indian Meteorological Department cyclogenesis points. The region dominated by anticyclonic eddies with CHP greater than
70 × 107 J/m2 as well as good correlations (>0.9) with sea surface height (SSH) and 26°C isothermal depth (D
26) can be a potential region of cyclogenesis. The region dominated by cyclonic eddies with CHP greater than 50 × 107 J/m2 and good correlation (>0.9) with both SSH and D
26 can serve as a potential region of high-level depression. Potential cyclogenesis regions are the southern BOB (5°N–12°N)
for the post-monsoon season and the head of BOB (north of 15°N) during southwest monsoon. Seven potential regions are identified
for the eddy formation for different seasons, which are consistent with the cyclogenesis points. The CHP distributions alone
are able to explain the cyclone tracks for the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons but not for the monsoon season. 相似文献
545.
Devleena Mani T. Satish Kumar M. A. Rasheed D. J. Patil A. M. Dayal T. Gnaneshwar Rao V. Balaram 《Natural Resources Research》2011,20(1):75-88
The association of iodine with organic matter in sedimentary basins is well documented. High iodine concentration in soils
overlying oil and gas fields and areas with hydrocarbon microseepage has been observed and used as a geochemical exploratory
tool for hydrocarbons in a few studies. In this study, we measure iodine concentration in soil samples collected from parts
of Deccan Syneclise in the west central India to investigate its potential application as a geochemical indicator for hydrocarbons.
The Deccan Syneclise consists of rifted depositional sites with Gondwana–Mesozoic sediments up to 3.5 km concealed under the
Deccan Traps and is considered prospective for hydrocarbons. The concentration of iodine in soil samples is determined using
ICP-MS and the values range between 1.1 and 19.3 ppm. High iodine values are characteristic of the northern part of the sampled
region. The total organic carbon (TOC) content of the soil samples range between 0.1 and 1.3%. The TOC correlates poorly with
the soil iodine (r
2 < 1), indicating a lack of association of iodine with the surficial organic matter and the possibility of interaction between
the seeping hydrocarbons and soil iodine. Further, the distribution pattern of iodine compares well with two surface geochemical
indicators: the adsorbed light gaseous hydrocarbons (methane through butane) and the propane-oxidizing bacterial populations
in the soil. The integration of geochemical observations show the occurrence of elevated values in the northern part of the
study area, which is also coincident with the presence of exposed dyke swarms that probably serve as conduits for hydrocarbon
microseepage. The corroboration of iodine with existing geological, geophysical, and geochemical data suggests its efficacy
as one of the potential tool in surface geochemical exploration of hydrocarbons. Our study supports Deccan Syneclise to be
promising in terms of its hydrocarbon prospects. 相似文献
546.
The response to the tropical cyclone Phyan, which developed in the eastern Arabian Sea during 9-11 November 2009, was rapid cooling of sea surface temperature (SST), enhancement of chlorophyll a and two-fold increase in net primary productivity (NPP). Cooling of SST was immediate in response to the strong wind-mixing, and the subsequent upward Ekman pumping sustained the cooling even after the dissipation of Phyan. The biological response mediated by the upward Ekman pumping driven vertical transport of subsurface nutrient showed a time lag of 3-4 days. The CO? flux to the atmosphere associated with Phyan was 0.123 Tg C, which accounted for ~85% of the total out-gassing from the eastern Arabian Sea during November. Thus, an increased occurrence of cyclones in a warming environment will lead to an enhanced biomass production and also increase in CO? out-gassing. 相似文献
547.
Quantitative assessment of landslide hazard along transportation lines using historical records 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
In this paper, a quantitative landslide hazard model is presented for transportation lines, with an example for a road and
railroad alignment, in parts of Nilgiri hills in southern India. The data required for the hazard assessment were obtained
from historical records available for a 21-year period from 1987 to 2007. A total of 901 landslides from cut slopes along
the railroad and road alignment were included in the inventory. The landslides were grouped into three magnitude classes based
on the landslide type, volume, scar depth, and run-out distance. To calculate landslide hazard, we estimated the total number
of individual landslides per kilometer of the (rail) road for different return periods, based on the relationship between
past landslides (recorded in our database) and triggering events. These were multiplied by the probability that the landslides
belong to a given magnitude class. This gives the hazard for a given return period expressed as the number of landslides of
a given magnitude class per kilometer of (rail) road. The relationship between the total number of landslides and the return
period was established using a Gumbel distribution model, and the probability of landslide magnitude was obtained from frequency–volume
statistics. The results of the analysis indicate that the total number of landslides, from 1- to 50-year return period, varies
from 56 to 197 along the railroad and from 14 to 82 along the road. In total, 18 hazard scenarios were generated using the
three magnitude classes and six return periods (1, 3, 5, 15, 25, and 50 years). The hazard scenarios derived from the model
form the basis for future direct and indirect landslide risk analysis along the transportation lines. The model was validated
with landslides that occurred in the year 2009. 相似文献
548.
Sridevi Jade H. J. Raghavendra Rao M. S. M. Vijayan V. K. Gaur B. C. Bhatt Kireet Kumar Saigeetha Jaganathan M. B. Ananda P. Dileep Kumar 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2011,100(6):1293-1301
Deformation rates derived from GPS measurements made at two continuously operating stations at Leh (34.1°N, 77.6°E) and Hanle
(32.7°N, 78.9°E), and eight campaign sites in the trans-Himalayan Ladakh spanning 11 years (1997–2008), provide a clear picture
of the kinematics of this region as well as the convergence rate across northwestern Himalaya. All the Ladakh sites move 32–34 mm/year
NE in the ITRF2005 reference frame, and their relative velocities are 13–16 mm/year SW in the Indian reference frame and ~19 mm/year W
with reference to the Lhasa IGS station in southeastern Tibet. The results indicate that there is no statistically significant
deformation in the 200-km stretch between the continuous sites Leh and Hanle as well as between Leh and Nubra valley sites
along the Karakoram fault, whereas the sites in and around the splayed Karakoram fault region indicate surface deformation
of 2.5 mm/year. Campaign sites along the Karakoram fault zone indicate a fault parallel surface motion of 1.4–2.5 mm/year
in the Tangste and western Panamik segment of the Karakoram fault, which quantifies the best possible GPS-derived dextral
slip rate of 3 mm/year along this fault during this 11-year period. Baselines of Ladakh sites show convergence rates of 15–18 mm/year
with respect to south India and 12–15 mm/year with respect to Delhi in north India and Almora in the Himalaya ~400 km north-northeast
of Delhi. These constitute an arc normal convergence of 12–15 mm/year across the western Himalaya, which is consistent with
arc normal convergence all along the Himalayan arc from west to east. Baseline extension rates of 14–16 mm/year between Lhasa
and Ladakh sites are consistent with the east–west extension rate of Tibetan Plateau. 相似文献
549.
Prosanta Kumar Khan 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2011,100(7):1749-1758
Present study addresses the role of major plate-driving forces, particularly the slab pull and slab resistive forces, for
the generation of 26 December 2004 M
w > 9.0 off Sumatra megathrust earthquake. Major controls on the plate-driving forces are normally visualized through age,
speed, and average dip of the slab during subduction. Wide variation in age, plate obliquity, stress obliquity, subduction
rate, dip angle, and flexing depth of the subducting oceanic lithosphere between Andaman and Sumatra thus allowed us for quantitative
evaluation of the slab pull (F
SP) and slab resistive (F
SR) forces in three well-defined sectors (I, II and III). Computed values of these forces in the three sectors: (1) F
SP = 1.29 × 1013 N/m, F
SR = 1.41 × 1013 N/m; sector I, (2) F
SP = 2.10 × 1013 N/m, F
SR = 1.13 × 1013 N/m; sector II, and (3) F
SP = 2.08 × 1013 N/m, F
SR = 2.72 × 1013 N/m; sector III clearly suggest a spatial variation of stress regime in the subducting oceanic lithosphere. Excess F
SR in sectors I and III are interpreted as the causative forces behind the triggering of major seismic energy bursts near Sumatra
and Andaman on 26 December 2004. A gap of minimum seismic energy burst near Great Nicobar possibly was controlled by the excess
of F
SP in sector II. This study further advocates that the cyclic stress, resulted from unbalanced component of slab resistive force,
had a definite control on the occurrence of 2004 off Sumatra megathrust earthquake around the flexing zone of the subducting
lithosphere. 相似文献
550.
Manish Kumar M. Someshwar Rao Bhishm Kumar Algappan Ramanathan 《Hydrogeology Journal》2011,19(2):463-474
Recharge zones and sources in an urban setup (NCT of Delhi, India) were identified using environmental isotopes (2H, 3H, 18O); they were then correlated with hydrogeological conditions. The isotopic results showed that groundwater is being recharged by surface water during the dry season, while recharge associated with local precipitation becomes prominent during the monsoon. The effect of source-water evaporation and altitude on the isotopic characteristics of groundwater was clearly noted. A gradual increase in groundwater age, i.e. decrease in tritium content, while moving away from the river/canals/drains, suggests a degree of mixing of old-aged groundwater with relatively young recharging water. Further, to substantiate the findings of isotopic investigations, surface recharge conditions were differentiated into potential pervious (recharge prone) and impervious (recharge resistant) surfaces through mapping of potential recharge areas based on soil type and water-table depth, to depict a three-dimensional illustration of hydrogeologically mediated recharge zones of the area. The hydrogeological evidence thus obtained about the spatial distribution of permeable zones, slope and boundary conditions, aptly substantiates the isotopic findings. The study seeks its impact by correlation of the isotopic findings with the regional groundwater flow regime which has been altered by the urban development. 相似文献