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41.
S. Nakamoto S. Prasanna Kumar J. M. Oberhuber H. Saito K. Muneyama R. Frouin 《Journal of Earth System Science》2002,111(3):339-349
Western tropical Indian Ocean, Arabian Sea, and the equatorial Pacific are known as regions of intense bio-chemical-physical
interactions: the Arabian Sea has the largest phytoplankton bloom with seasonal signal, while the equatorial Pacific bloom
is perennial with quasi-permanent upwelling. Here, we studied three dimensional ocean thermodynamics comparing recent ocean
observation with ocean general circulation model (OPYC) experiment combined with remotely sensed chlorophyll pigment concentrations
from the Coastal Zone Color Scanner (CZCS). Using solar radiation parameterization representing observations that a higher
abundance of chlorophyll increases absorption of solar irradiance and heating rate in the upper ocean, we showed that the
mixed layer thickness decreases more than they would be under clear water conditions. These changes in the model mixed layer
were consistent with Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) observations during the 1994-1995 Arabian Sea experiment and epi-fluorescence
microscopy (EFM) on samples collected during Equatorial Pacific Ocean Climate Study (EPOCS) in November, 1988. In the Arabian
Sea, as the chlorophyll concentrations peak in October (3 mg/m3) after the summer plankton bloom induced by coastal upwelling, the chlorophyll induced biological heating enhanced the sea
surface temperature (SST) by as much as 0.6‡C and sub-layer temperature decreases and sub-layer thickness increases. In the
equatorial Pacific, modest concentrations of chlorophyll less than 0.3 mg/m3 is enough to introduce a meridional differential heating, which results in reducing the equatorial mixed layer thickness
to more than 20 m. The anomalous meridional tilting of the mixed layer bottom enhances off equatorial westward geostrophic
currents. Consequently, the equatorial undercurrent transports more water from west to east. We proposed that these numerical
model experiments with use of satellite andin situ ocean observations are consistent under three dimensional ocean circulation theory combined with solar radiation transfer
process. 相似文献
42.
Static deformation of two monoclinic elastic half-spaces in welded contact due to a long inclined strike-slip fault situated
in one of the half-spaces is studied analytically and numerically. Closed-form algebraic expressions for the displacement
at any point of the medium are obtained. The variation of the displacement at the interface with the horizontal distance from
the fault is studied. The effect of anisotropy on the displacement field is examined. It is found that while the anisotropy
of the source half-space has a significant effect on the displacement at the interface, the anisotropy of the other half-space
has only a marginal effect. 相似文献
43.
44.
Pradeep Srivastava Indra Bir Singh Shikha Sharma Uma Kant Shukla Ashok Kumar Singhvi 《Geomorphology》2003,54(3-4):279-292
Abandoned channel belts, ponds and point bar deposits of palaeochannels in the interfluve regions of the central Ganga Plain suggest changes in the morphohydrologic conditions during the Latest Pleistocene–Holocene. Stratigraphy of these ponds comprises channel sand at the base overlain by shell-bearing clayey silt. The contact of the two facies marks the phase when channels converted into standing water bodies. Point bar deposits of some palaeochannels are overlain by oxidised aeolian sand, indicating that the channel abandonment possibly occurred due to the desiccation and aridity in the region.Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) chronometry of the pond sediments suggests that the deposition of the basal channel sand started before 13 ka and continued up to 8 ka. The ponds formed around 8–6 ka when the channel activity ceased. Evidence from the point bar deposits also indicates that the fluvial activity in the region ended sometime during 7–5 ka. This was followed by aeolian aggradation. The present study thus suggests that the hydrologic conditions in the Gangetic plains, i.e. initiation of channels and their abandonment, formation of microgeomorphologic features such as ponds and their eventual siltation, were controlled largely by climatic changes (i.e. monsoon changes) supported by tectonic activity. For the past 2 ka, increasing human and related agricultural activity has substantially accentuated the natural siltation rate of ponds. 相似文献
45.
Ashwani Kumar S. C. Gupta A. K. Jindal Sanjay Jain Vandana 《Journal of Earth System Science》2003,112(3):391-395
Following a large-sized Bhuj earthquake (M
s = 7.6) of January 26th, 2001, a small aperture 4-station temporary local network was deployed, in the epicentral area, for
a period of about three weeks and resulted in the recording of more than 1800 aftershocks (-0.07 ≤M
L <5.0). Preliminary locations of epicenters of 297 aftershocks (2.0 ≤M
L <5.0) have brought out a dense cluster of aftershock activity, the center of which falls 20 km NW of Bhachau. Epicentral
locations of after-shocks encompass a surface area of about 50 × 40 km2 that seems to indicate the surface projection of the rupture area associated with the earthquake. The distribution of aftershock
activity above magnitude 3, shows that aftershocks are nonuniformly distributed and are aligned in the north, northwest and
northeast directions. The epicenter of the mainshock falls on the southern edge of the delineated zone of aftershock activity
and the maximum clustering of activity occurs in close proximity of the mainshock. Well-constrained focal depths of 122 aftershocks
show that 89% of the aftershocks occurred at depths ranging between 6 and 25 km and only 7% and 4% aftershocks occur at depths
less than 5 and more than 25 km respectively. The Gutenberg-Richter (GR) relationship, logN = 4.52 - 0.89ML, is fitted to the aftershock data (1.0<-M
L<5.0) and theb-value of 0.89 has been estimated for the aftershock activity. 相似文献
46.
The Gondwana successions (1–4 km thick) of peninsular India accumulated in a number of discrete basins during Permo-Triassic period. The basins are typically bounded by faults that developed along Precambrian lineaments during deposition, as well as affected by intrabasinal faults indicating fault-controlled synsedimentary subsidence. The patterns of the intrabasinal faults and their relationships with the respective basin-bounding faults represent both extensional and strike-slip regimes. Field evidence suggests that preferential subsidence in locales of differently oriented discontinuities in the Precambrian basement led to development of Gondwana basins with varying, but mutually compatible, kinematics during a bulk motion, grossly along the present-day E–W direction. The kinematic disparity of the individual basins resulted due to different relative orientations of the basement discontinuities and is illustrated with the help of a simple sandbox model. The regional E–W motion was accommodated by strike-slip motion on the transcontinental fault in the north. 相似文献
47.
Sarbari Ghosh Utpal Kumar De Atmospheric Science Research Department of Physics Jadavpur University Calcutta India Received April revised July 《大气科学进展》1997,(1)
AComparativeStudyoftheAtmosphericLayersbelowFirstLiftingCondensationLevelforInstantaneousPre-MonsoonThunderstormOcurenceatAga... 相似文献
48.
Summary The rate of oceanic heat storage of the upper 200m of the Arabian Sea is explained in terms of net air-sea heat flux (Q
F), heat change due to horizontal divergence and vertical motion (Q
V) and heat change due to lateral advection (Q
A). The analysis revealed that the heat storage of the Arabian Sea is mainly controlled byQ
V while the effect ofQ
A is much larger than expected. Parameterisation of summer cooling revealed that the depletion of energy from the mixed layer is mainly due to upwelling and horizontal advection though large amount of heat is accumulated due to net air-sea heat flux. The annual heat balance of the upper 200m of the Arabian Sea suggested large heat gain by air-sea exchange processes. About two third of this heat gain is compensated by horizontal advection and one third by vertical advection.With 4 Figures 相似文献
49.
Santanu Kumar Bhowmik 《Journal of Earth System Science》1997,106(3):131-146
A suite of rocks from Borra Carbonate Granulite Complex (BCGC) in the Eastern Ghats granulite belt displays superposed structures
and overprinted mineral assemblages that reveal multiple episodes of tectonothermal reworking of the complex under granulite
facies condition. Five distinct episodes of deformation (D1, D2, D3, D4 and D5) and four phases of metamorphism (M1, M2, M3 and M4) are recorded. The signature of the earliest tectonothermal event, D1 is a gneissic foliation (S1) denned by segregation of peak granulite facies mineral assemblages corresponding to prograde M1 metamorphism. M2 metamorphic overprint represents an episode of near-isobaric cooling of the complex under a static condition. D2 represents an episode of ductile deformation manifested by isoclinal folding (F2) and associated extensional structures, within a broad framework of coaxial bulk deformation. The present study reveals that
D2 took place subsequent to M2 - Subsequent deformation, D3, produced F3 folds and also deformations of boudins formed during D2. M3, which is synchronous with F3, represents a near isothermal decompression of the BCGC. This was followed by a weak structural readjustment (D4), producing E-W cross folds. The latter was not, however, associated with any recognizable petrological reworking. In the
terminal events, deformation (D5) and mineral reactions (M4) were localized along narrow intersecting shear zones. The latter acted as channelways for carbonic and still later hydrous
fluid infiltration. The available thermobarometric data from BCGC and other areas of the Eastern Ghats belt reveal that reworking
during M2 and M3 ensued in a thermally perturbed regime. The high thermal regime might also have persisted during carbonic fluid infiltration
related to terminal reworking (M4). 相似文献
50.