To study the effect of uncertain factors on the temperature field of frozen soil, we propose a method to calculate the spatial average
variance from just the point variance based on the local average theory of random fields. We model the heat transfer coefficient
and specific heat capacity as spatially random fields instead of traditional random variables. An analysis for calculating the random
temperature field of seasonal frozen soil is suggested by the Neumann stochastic finite element method, and here we provide the
computational formulae of mathematical expectation, variance and variable coefficient. As shown in the calculation flow chart, the
stochastic finite element calculation program for solving the random temperature field, as compiled by Matrix Laboratory
(MATLAB) software, can directly output the statistical results of the temperature field of frozen soil. An example is presented to
demonstrate the random effects from random field parameters, and the feasibility of the proposed approach is proven by comparing
these results with the results derived when the random parameters are only modeled as random variables. The results show that
the Neumann stochastic finite element method can efficiently solve the problem of random temperature fields of frozen soil based
on random field theory, and it can reduce the variability of calculation results when the random parameters are modeled as spatially
random fields. 相似文献
Salix gordejevii, a species of dune-fixing pioneer shrub in the Hunshandak Sandland in China, plays a vital role in maintenance and improvement of the local ecological environment. Salix gordejevii has an r-type reproductive countermeasure, which means it produces large quantities of seeds that have a high germination rate but relatively low seedling viability. Our research on the seed regeneration and sprouting regeneration characteristics of Salix gordejevii shows that its sprouting regeneration process is more productive and efficient than its seed regeneration process. At the same time, growth of Salix gordejevii would decline when the drifting sand dune was fixed. To assess its sprouting regeneration process, we analyzed the number, length, and diameter of new shoots under different cutting treatments, and found significant differences based on various cutting heights and different cutting times (April vs. October). We conclude that cutting measures which take advantage of this species’ robust sprout tillering can increase the biomass of this shrub and also can improve its canopy density and its forage properties for livestock grazing, with the added benefits of improved sand-fixing and prevention of wind erosion. 相似文献
Occurrence of rainstorm events can be characterized by the number of events, storm duration, rainfall depth, inter-event time and temporal variation of rainfall within a rainstorm event. This paper presents a Monte-Carlo based stochastic hourly rainfall generation model considering correlated non-normal random rainstorm characteristics, as well as dependence of various rainstorm patterns on rainfall depth, duration, and season. The proposed model was verified by comparing the derived rainfall depth–duration–frequency relations from the simulated rainfall sequences with those from observed annual maximum rainfalls based on the hourly rainfall data at the Hong Kong Observatory over the period of 1884–1990. Through numerical experiments, the proposed model was found to be capable of capturing the essential statistical features of rainstorm characteristics and those of annual extreme rainstorm events according to the available data. 相似文献