Reevaluation of formation of metal nodules in ordinary chondrites

Abstract— Compositions of four metal nodules from two ordinary chondrites, WIS91627 (H3.7) and Juin (H5), were determined by instrumental and radiochemical neutron activation analyses. Compared with bulk metal fractions, the metal nodules are characterized by strong and variable depletion of the refractory siderophile elements Re, Os, Ir, Ru, Pt and Rh but normal W and Mo, some fractionation of Co from Ni, and low Cu concentrations. These characteristics are difficult to explain by shock-induced vaporization followed by fractional condensation, a mechanism suggested by Widom et al. (1986). We propose formation of metal nodules during metamorphism in the parent body. Refractory siderophile elements, such as Ir, Os, Rh, etc., are partly locked up in noble metal nuggets and cannot participate in kamacite formation. The occurrence of metal nodules in both equilibrated and unequilibrated ordinary chondrites suggests that diffusion along grain boundaries was important in the development of kamacite and taenite in ordinary chondrites.     

POSTGLACIAL TRANSGRESSIVE-REGRESSIVE SEQUENCES IN COASTAL AND DELTAICAREAS IN EAST CHINA SEA

This paper mainly deals with the internal characteristics, and formation of the post-glacial trans-gresnve-regressive sequence, as well as the distribution regularity of the sand bodies, peats and barrier-lagoon systems within post-glacial bed along the coastal and deltaic areas in Eastern China. The internal characteristics of post-glacial transgressive-regressive sequences along the coastal zones over the world are the same as those in Eastern China, and the other Quaternary marine beds arc similar to post-glacial ones in Eastern China. The conclusion, therefore, obtained from the study of postglacial transgressive-regressive sequences may be useful to the study of the other marine beds.     

THE CHARACTERISTICS AND DISTRIBUTION OF HOLOCENE SAND BODIES IN THE CHANGJIANG DELTA AREA

The holocene sand bodies in Changjiang delta area may be classified genetically as river mouth sand, marine sand and river channel-filled sand, which are different in external geometry, internal characteristics, spatial distribution and contact with overlying and underlying beds, The sand bodies ate distributed in two-storeyed beds in vertical sequence. The transgressive sands are overlain by regressive ones, and there is a wedge of marine clay between them.     

2015年7月中旬京津冀持续性夜间雷雨天气成因初步分析

2015年7月15日00:00至20日00:00（协调世界时,下同）期间,京津冀地区每天傍晚均有明显雷阵雨天气过程发生,持续约一周时间。天气形势分析发现:虽然都是傍晚到夜间出现雷雨天气,但15~17日的雷雨过程,500 hPa主要表现为两槽一脊天气形势,京津冀地区处于低槽前部的不稳定区。18~19日两天,京津冀地区西部为低槽,东部为副热带高压（副高）,主要表现为西低东高的天气形势,是华北地区典型的暴雨天气型之一。15~17日与18~19日的水汽输送路径也有明显区别,15~17日以西南暖湿气流直接向东北方向输送以及台风外围偏东风气流向京津冀输送水汽为主,18~19日则为西南暖湿气流向东北方向直接输送到东海以东洋面后转为偏东风向京津冀输送为主,但是,水汽辐合中心均出现在京津冀附近,且水汽通量及辐合总是在12:00大于00:00,意味着傍晚的水汽条件好于白天。动力条件方面,整个降水期间,京津冀区域的对流层高层均处于南亚高压外围辐散区,低层辐合层次主要集中在700 hPa以下,近地面层12:00的辐合更为剧烈,中层均有干冷偏西气流下沉后与低层暖湿偏东气流辐合抬升,12:00的干冷气流下沉层次更低,与偏东风的辐合更强。温度层结方面,京津冀区域平均的气温垂直温差在800 hPa以下总是12:00高于00:00。降水期间,上升速度在中高层均表现为00:00大于12:00,但是低层的上升速度都是12:00强于00:00,傍晚的动力和水汽条件都更利于降水发生。     

用图像质量评价量实现的真实图像和计算机生成图像的鉴别方法

真实图像和计算机生成图像的鉴别是数字图像盲取证中的一个重要问题.提出了一种真实图像和计算机生成图像的鉴别方法.借用模式识别中的二分类概念,采用图像质量评价量来建立模型,以捕获真实图像和计算机生成图像的统计差异,选用支持向量机作为分类器进行训练和测试.实验结果表明,该方法计算方便、实用性强、可靠性高.     

基于图像质量评价量和隐马尔科夫模型的图像拼接检测

基于对图像拼接技术的分析,提出了基于图像质量评价量和隐马尔科夫模型(hidden Markov model,HMM)的拼接图像检测方法,提取了图像的特征值,使用支持向量机(support vector machine,SVM)对特征值进行训练和分类,得到了较好的效果.     

Geochronology,geochemistry and geological significance of Early Cretaceous volcanic rocks from Niangniangshan Formation,Ningwu Basin,middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River

Ningwu Basin is one of the Mesozoic continental volcanic basins in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.The volcanic rocks of the Longwangshan,dawangshan,Gushan and Niangniangshan formations,as well as the homologous subvolcanic rocks or small intrusions,are developed from old to new in the Ningwu Basin.Zircon U-Pb dating results show the latialite phonolite of Niangniangshan Formation was erupted at 128±1 Ma(i.e.,Early Cretaceous).The latialite phonolite contains moderate SiO2 contents(57.28%-60.96%)with high Na 2O+K 2O contents,belonging to shoshonite series.The samples have high REE contents,and display right-inclined REE distribution pattern.They are characterized by enrichment in some large ion lithophile elements(e.g.,LILEs,Rb,K),and depletion in some high field strength elements(e.g.,HFSEs,Nb,Ta,Ti).All volcanic samples have relatively depleted Nd isotopic compositions(ISr=0.707197--0.707878;εNd(t)=-0.5--0.9),indicating no genetic relationship with the lower crust of Yangtze plate,but a drift trend towards the EMII.The geochemical data suggest that the Early Cretaceous latialite phonolite was derived from the partial melting of an enriched lithospheric mantle metasomatized by subduction-related fluids in an arc-related setting.Based on the temporal and spatial distribution and geochemical variation characteristics of the regional volcanic rocks,it is suggested that the tectonic system within the study area changed from a subduction-related compression to an extensional environment in the early Early Cretaceous,which was caused by the ridge subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Ocean.     

走出去才能可持续——矿产资源风险勘探考察团访问澳大利亚、新西兰报告

报告简述了澳大利亚背景情况。西澳大利亚地质调查局有关人员介绍了西澳的矿业法律法规;阐述了矿业项目前期应进行的尽职调查和评估,一般的矿业项目在这方面的工作总是不足的;概述了铁矿,铜、铅、锌等贱金属资源状况及前景。西澳大利亚的矿业勘探公司向我们推介了矿产勘探项目,并与我方企业家进行了风险勘探商务会谈。报告最后比较了两国的矿业政策、资源等情况,谈了些看法、体会。     

利用GPS探测电离层异常中的高斯过程处理方法

平静状态下电离层总电子含量（TEC）随时间的变化通常可以视为平稳随机过程。然而，太阳或地球的突发事件（如太阳耀斑、地磁场的扰动）会引起电离层的扰动，破坏该平稳过程，从而引起其统计参数的变化。依据平稳随机过程——高斯过程的相关性质，利用其自协方差函数和TEC时间系列，构建了独立同标准正态分布的观测样本，并利用X^2假设检验的方法来探测电离层异常现象。此外，还利用了2000年7月14日太阳耀斑期间我国国际IGS跟踪站武汉GPS跟踪站的数据，进行了实例分析。结果表明，该方法可以有效地探测电离层异常现象。