台湾岛地形对“麦德姆”台风的影响

采用WRF模式,以2014年10号台风"麦德姆"为例,针对台湾岛中央山脉的局部地形,设计精细化地形试验,数值模拟了"麦德姆"台风登陆台湾岛前后地形对其路径、强度及风雨分布的影响。研究结果表明:真实的地形能更好的模拟和再现"麦德姆"台风发生发展的过程;台湾岛中央山脉地形对登岛"麦德姆"台风的路径有实质性的影响,降低台湾地形高度试验导致台风路径向西南偏转,而提高台湾岛地形高度则导致台风路径向东北偏转,地形高度改变的程度与路径偏转程度成正相关,地形高度改变所导致阻挡效应及台风环流与大尺度环流的相互作用是导致路径偏转的主要原因;台湾岛地形高度的改变对台风强度有明显的影响,增加或减少台湾岛地形高度,都会使台风强度有所减弱,这与地形变化引起的动力狭管效应、云水物质分布及外围云带的对流运动有关;台湾岛地形影响"麦德姆"台风降水的机制更为复杂,其不仅与地形引发的台风强度及结构变化有关,更与地形引起的眼区对流活动和螺旋云带及外围云系的时空分布有关。     

基于MGS探测器掩星观测的火星电离层数据初步分析

该文简要介绍了行星无线电掩星技术的意义、历史和原理.利用MGS探测器无线电科学掩星实验得到的火星电离层电子浓度EDS数据,可研究火星电离层的结构.文中分析了MSG电子浓度廓线的峰值高度随经度的变化特性,并结合火星电离层的Chapman模型和实测的电子浓度廓线,探讨了火星电离层的双层或多层结构的可能性及其物理机制.分析了峰值电子浓度和峰值高度同太阳天顶角的关系和TEC在各数据集中的分布.     

重力卫星检测到的全球陆地水储量变化

利用GRACE时变重力位模型反演了2004年至2008年共60个月的全球陆地水存储量变化,并采用滑动年平均,对全球陆地水储量的长期性变化情况进行了分析,同时也推求了全球陆地水储量的季节性变化。研究表明,使用滑动年平均对GRACE重力位模型数据进行处理,可以较好地揭示全球陆地水储量的长期和季节性变化情况,其监测能力足以揭示几cm的等效水高变化。     

国外规划实施评价理论与方法及其在国内应用的研究进展

在我国,修编土地利用总体规划、城市总体规划之前,开展对现行规划实施情况的评价,已经纳入规范的工作程序,与之相应,规划实施评价研究逐渐成为关注的焦点。该文首先对国外规划实施评价理论与方法进行简要的介绍,再对国内开展的实证研究进行归纳分类,并做出简要评述,以期为今后的规划实施评价研究提供一些新的视角和参考。     

The quiescence of earthquakes with ML34.0 as an important precursory characteristic prior to strong shocks in North China region

Before a strong earthquake, there is often a process of quiescence or 2absence2 of regional seismic activity, which is a phenomenon that has attracted the attention of many scholars in China and other countries (LU, et al, 1985; Wesson, 1973). In the past ten-odd years, some Chinese seismologists made, earlier or later, special studies on the quiescence anomaly of seismicity in some specified areas from different angles. Taking the converted annual frequency of M=5.0 earthquakes in North China region as a characteristic quantity, JIANG and FENG (1989) analyzed the quiescence anomaly of seismic activity by fuzzy recognition.     

Current crustal motion and deformation in the Chinese mainland and its surrounding area determined from GPS data

Based on the geodetic data taken from the National GPS Network established by China Climbing Program "Investigation of Crust Motion and Geodynamics in Modern Time",we derived the movement velocities of the GPS sites. In terms of the power series expansion of a rotation function for horizontal velocities on a spherical surface proposed by Haines and Holt (1993), we computed the horizontal velocity and strain-rate field. We preliminarily studied the appearances and characteristics of the present-day crustal movement and deformation in the Chinese mainland with the computed results. The researches demonstrated: ① The present-day crustal movement and deformation in the Chinese mainland are being jointly controlled by Indian, Pacific and Philippines Ocean Plates and Siberia-Mongolia block, and these three large plates and block form a situation of tripartite confrontation, but Indian Plate seems to play a leading role; ② The North-South Earthquake Zone plays an important adjustment role in the present-day crustal movement and deformation process, displaying clear characteristics of demarcation line of tectonics in large areas; ③ There seems to be another adjustment zone along the latitude line approximate N35°, but its characteristics are less obvious than that of the former; ④ Dynamic actions of these three large plates and block on the Chinese mainland are dynamic stable; appearing in stable push-press velocities. These results are generally accorded with the results determined from geology, geophysics, and seismology. By the contrast with seismicities, it appears preliminarily that there is some corresponding relation between intense shear strain zone and future strong seismicity area, but this problem needs further examination of earthquake examples.     

东秦岭岩石层的地电模型

根据大地电磁测深结果,东秦岭河南叶县-湖北南漳地区的岩石层由4个电性单元组成,其中华北地块南缘为相对高温的低阻区;秦岭北部为低温的高阻异常区;南秦岭为高温的低阻区,岩石层平均厚度仅80km,南秦岭的南部推覆到扬子地块之上达40-50km;扬子地块为相对低温的中等电阻率区,岩石层厚度150-200km．利用秦岭地区地壳上地幔岩石样品高温高压条件下电阻率的测定结果推断了各单元岩石层内电性层可能的岩石组成类型,并建立了剖面通过地区岩石层的地电模型．     

增厚大陆岩石层热边界层对流剥离的数值模拟

用数值模拟方法模拟了增厚大陆岩石层热边界层被对流地幔剥离并为软流层物质替代的动力学过程．结果表明,在初始温度分层分布、侧向均匀但存在微小热扰动的流场中,80km厚的增厚岩石层热边界层约需60Ma才能被完全剥离,剥离的速率微弱地依赖扰动的强度;在已建立好的流场中,同样厚度的增厚热边界层只需约10Ma就可被剥离．模拟结果暗示青藏高原地壳及岩石层在岩石层增厚和剥离以前就很热,其下伏地馒中可能已存在建立好的上地幔小尺度对流系统,而该尺度的对流系统很可能是由特提斯海洋岩石圈俯冲和消减诱发的     

点力源在横向各向同性介质中激发的弹性波

点力源在均匀横向各向同性介质中激发的弹性波可以用透射-反射矩阵法进行求解。假定点力源位于一假想的各向同性层中,并利用各向同性介质中等效于势函数的过源面间断,从而易于求出介质中各个点上的弹性波场;再令假想的各向同性层的厚度趋近于0,则可求出原始问题的解,即横向各向同性介质中的格林函数。最后得出的结果和假想的各向同性层的性质无关,表明这一方法用于求解点力源在各向异性介质中激发的弹性波场是可行的。     

Microearthquake analysis for hydraulic frac－turing proces

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