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961.
KANG Dujuan & WANG Huijun . NZC/LASG Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China . Environmental Fluid Mechanics Laboratory Stanford University Stanford CA USA 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2005,48(12):2260-2266
Dust storm is a disastrous weather that can cause serious environmental consequences and hazards. It causes excessive soil mass and nutrient loss in source areas, and air pollution in deposition area, which result in bad influence on agriculture, industry, traffic, and peoples’ daily life[1-4]. Dust storm can also affect the thermal balance of planetary radiation and then lead to meso- to macroscale climatic modification[5-7]. North- west China and North China are two high-frequency centers … 相似文献
962.
Energy distributions of the large-scale horizontal currents caused by wind in the baroclinic ocean 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
ZHOU Lei TIAN Jiwei & WANG Dongxiao . Physical Oceanography Laboratory Ocean University of China Qingdao China . Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Environmental Dynamics South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangdong China 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2005,48(12):2267-2275
Wind is the main energy source for the generation of the internal waves and the ocean mixing. Wunsch[1] estimated that about 1 TW (1 TW = 1012 W) energy was transported into the ocean from the winds by us-ing the altimeter data. Watanabe et al.[2] numerically calculated that the mixing processes obtained 0.7 TW energy from the global wind, which afforded most of the energy needed by the maintenance of the Merid-ional Overturning Circulation (MOC). During the past 50 years, in the Norther… 相似文献
963.
Guangyou?ZhuEmail author Shuichang?Zhang Yingbo?Liang Jinxing?Dai Jian?Li 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2005,48(11):1960-1971
The northeastern area of Sichuan Basin, southwestern China, is the area with the maximal reserve of natural gas containing
higher hydrogen sulphide (H2S) that has been found among the petroliferous basins of China, with the proven and controlled gas reserve of more than 200
billion cubic meters. These gas pools, with higher H2S contents averaging 9%, some 17%, are mainly distributed on structural belts of Dukouhe, Tieshanpo, Luojiazhai, Puguang,
etc., while the oolitic-shoal dolomite of the Triassic Feixianguan Fm. (T1f) is the reservoir. Although many scholars regard the plentiful accumulation of H2S within the deep carbonate reservoir as the result of Thermochemical Sulfate Reduction (TSR), however, the process of TSR
as well as its residual geological and geochemical evidence is still not quite clear. Based on the carbon isotopic analysis
of carbonate strata and secondary calcite, etc., together with the analysis of sulfur isotopes within H2S, sulphur, gypsum, iron pyrites, etc., as well as other aspects including the natural gas composition, carbon isotopes of
hydrocarbons reservoir petrology, etc., it has been proved that the above natural gas is a product of TSR. The H2S, sulphur and calcite result from the participation of TSR reactions by hydrocarbon gas. During the process for hydrocarbons
being consumed due to TSR, the carbons within the hydrocarbon gas participate in the reactions and finally are transferred
into the secondary calcite, and become the carbon source of secondary calcite, consequently causing the carbon isotopes of
the secondary calcite to be lower (−18.2‰). As for both the intermediate product of TSR, i.e. sulfur, and its final products,
i.e. H2S and iron pyrites, their sulfur elements are all sourced from the sulfate within the Feixianguan Fm. During the fractional
processes of sulfur isotopes, the bond energy leads to the 32S being released firstly, and the earlier it is released, the lower δ 34S values for the generated sulphide (H2S) or sulfur will be. However, for the anhydrite that participates in reactions, the higher the reaction degree, the more
32S is released, while the less 32S remains and the more δ 34S is increased. The testing results have proved the process of the dynamic fractionation of sulfur isotopes. 相似文献
964.
Our two newly obtained high-quality 40Ar/39Ar ages suggest that the high-K volcanic rocks of the Lawuxiang Formation in the Mangkang basin, Tibet were formed at 33.5
± 0.2 Ma. The tracing of elemental and Pb-Sr-Nd isotopic geochemistry indicates that they were derived from an EM2 enriched
mantle in continental subduction caused by transpression. Their evidently negative anomalies in HFSEs such as Nb and Ta make
clear that there is an input of continental material into the mantle source. The high-K rocks at 33.5 ± 0.2 Ma in the Mangkang
basin may temporally, spatially and compositionally compare with the early one of two-pulse high-K rocks in eastern Tibet
distinguished by Wang J. H. et al., implying that they were formed in the same tectonic setting. 相似文献
965.
Guojiang?WanEmail author Jing’an?Chen Siqin?Xu Fengchang?Wu P.?H.?Santschi 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2005,48(4):484-496
The fundamental assumption of 210Pb sediment dating is the stable flux of 210Pbex, which was derived from atmosphere and then transferred into sediments via lake water. When the sedimentation rate is relatively
constant, the 210Pbex activity in sediments will be exponentially reduced with sedimentation age. 210Pbex in lake water is incorporated into sediments mainly via organic particulates. If the sedimentation flux of organic matter
in lake water is suddenly increased, 210Pbex will be significantly deposited and then transferred into sediments. On the one hand such sudden purification effect is obviously
unfit for the fundamental assumption of 210Pb dating; on the other hand, the sudden enhancement of 210Pbex flux would be indicative of the conspicuous variation of primary productivity of lake water. This problem will be discussed
in accordance with the variation trend of 210Pbex in the vertical profile of recent sediments of Lake Chenghai, Yunnan Province. The sediment core was collected from the deep-water
area of Lake Chenghai in June 1997. The vertical profile of 137Cs activity is characterized by a tree-peak pattern. This profile gave reliable ages, and also showed the stability of sediment
accumulation in the recent ten years. The vertical profile of 210Pbex activity displays a specific distribution of peaks, and is similar to the vertical profile of Corg. This phenomenon seems to be related to the mechanism of constraining the transfer of 210Pbex into lake sediments. The average atomic ratios of Horg/Corg and Corg/Norg in Lake Chenghai sediments are 5.51 and 7.04, respectively, indicating that the organic matter was predominantly derived
from the remains of endogenic algae. In terms of the three-stage evolutionary characteristics of organic matter in sediments,
i.e., “deposition-de-composition-accumulation”, the sedimentation fluxes (F(Corg)) of organic carbon (Corg) since 1970 were calculated by modeling. The sedimentation fluxes of 210Pbex (F(210Pbex)) in different years display good synchronous relations with the sedimentation flux of organic carbon (F(Corg)), especially in the years of 1972–1974 and 1986–1989. The variation of F(Corg) led to the variation of F(210Pbex); the variation of F(210Pbex) reflects, to some extent, the historical variation of lake productivity. 相似文献
966.
Nicheng?ShiEmail author Zhesheng?Ma Ming?Xiong Mingquan?Dai Wenji?Bai Qingsong?Fang Binggang?Yan Jingsui?Yang 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2005,48(3):338-345
(Fe4Cr4Ni)9C4 is a metal carbide mineral formed by combination of Fe, Cr and Ni with C. It occurs in a chromite deposit in
the Luobusha ophiolite, Tibet. Based on the determination of its crystal structure, the empirical formula is (Fe4.12Cr3.84Ni0.96)8.92C3.70
and the simplified formula is (Fe4Cr4Ni)4C9. The mineral is hexagonal with a = 1.38392(2) nm, c = 0.44690(9) nm, pace group P63 m c, Z=6 and the calculated specific gravity Dx = 7.089 g/cm3. Fe, Cr and Ni occupy different crystallographic sites and their coordination numbers are approximately 12,
forming an alternate stacking sequence of flat and puckered layers along the c axis. Some metallic atoms have a defect structure. The interatomic distances of Fe, Cr and Ni are 0.2525-0.2666 nm, and the
distances between Fe, Cr, Ni and C are 0.1893-0.2169 nm. The coordination number of carbon is 6. It occurs in interstices
of the metallic atoms Fe, Cr and Ni to form trigonalprismatically coordinated polyhedra. These coordination polyhedra are
linked with each other via shared corners or shared edges into a new type of metal carbide structure. 相似文献
967.
Valentina?MontaldoEmail author Ezio?Faccioli Gaetano?Zonno Aybige?Akinci Luca?Malagnini 《Journal of Seismology》2005,9(3):295-316
In the framework of the 2004 reference seismic hazard map of Italy the amplitude of the strong-motion (expressed in terms
of Peak Horizontal Acceleration with 10% probability of non-exceedence in 50 years, referred to average hard ground conditions)
was computed using different predictive relationships. Equations derived in Italy and in Europe from strong-motion data, as
well as a set of weak and strong-motion based empirical predictive relationships were employed in a logic tree procedure,
in order to capture the epistemic uncertainty affecting ground-motion attenuation. This article describes the adjustments
and conversions required to eliminate the incompatibilities amongst the relations. Particularly significant are distance conversions
and style-of-faulting adjustments, as well as the problems related to the use of regional relations, such as the selection
of a reference depth, the quantification of random variability and the strong-motion prediction. Moreover, a regional attenuation
relationship specific for volcanic areas was also employed, allowing a more realistic evaluation of seismic hazard, as confirmed
by the attenuation of macroseismic intensities. 相似文献
968.
The central part of the Apulia region, in southern Italy, has been generally considered practically free from significant level of seismicity, but historical documentation, geological indicators and recent instrumental observations suggest that the activity of local minor tectonic structures could have been masked (and partly also induced) by that of major seismogenic structures located in the neighbouring regions. A revision of the central Apulia seismicity characteristics was conducted considering its space and time distribution, energy release rate and focal mechanisms, in view of possible hazard implications. To better constrain the seismicity rates inferable from the set of available historical data, special attention was paid to the declustering of a catalogue of low energy events (magnitude < 3.5) instrumentally detected in about 20 years: a new declustering procedure, useful for cases like to the one at hand, was purposely devised taking into account the peculiarity of local seismicity characteristics and the limitations of the available database. The results obtained by combining instrumental and historical data show that this area is affected by a rather sporadic seismicity, likely associated to a general tensional regime and possibly stimulated by the interaction with Apenninic and northern Apulia seismogenic activity. Even though less energetic, the local seismicity contributes to increase the moderately damaging shaking probability due to the activity of seismic sources located in the near areas, so to justify the adoption of at least a minimum level of caution in relation to the local definition of seismic protection measures. 相似文献
969.
970.
Hildegard?WestphalEmail author Iris?Surholt Christian?Kiesl Holger F. ?Thern Thomas?Kruspe 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2005,162(3):549-570
Carbonate rocks are well known for their complex petrophysical behavior where, in contrast to siliciclastic rocks, different parameters, including porosity and permeability, usually are not directly related. This behavior is the result of thorough reorganization of porosity during diagenesis, and it turns prediction of reservoir quality of carbonate rocks into a challenge. The study presented here deals with the problem of utilizing NMR techniques in prediction of petrophysical properties in carbonates.We employ a visual porosity classification as a priori knowledge for better interpreting NMR data for prediction purposes. This allows for choice of suitable T2 cutoff values to differentiate movable from bound fluids adapted for the specific carbonate rock, thus resulting in better interpretation of NMR data. The approach of using a genetic pore type classification for adapting the conventional method for T2 cutoff determination, which originally was developed for siliciclastic rocks, is promising. Similarly, for permeability determination on the basis of NMR measurements, the classification of carbonate rocks based on porosity types also shows potential. The approach implemented here has the promise to provide a basis of standardized interpretation of NMR data from carbonate rocks.Acknowledgment We are grateful to Baker Hughes INTEQ, Celle, for permission to publish the results of this work. This study was part of I.S.s Masters Thesis at Hannover University that was carried out in collaboration with Baker Hughes INTEQ, Celle, Germany. We appreciate comments of an anonymous referee and PAGEOPH editor Brian J. Mitchell. 相似文献