高压合成的黄玉米Al2SiO4（OH）2中H的占位

Ｘ射线单晶衍射测定了高压合成的完全含水的黄玉类Ａｌ２ＳｉＯ４（ＯＨ）２中Ｈ的位置。两个非等效的Ｈ位置相距２．４Ａ。两个Ｈ的位置明显地代替了在天然的含ＯＨ的氟黄玉中所发现的单个Ｈ位，并至少局部地影响了空间群ｐｂｎｍ的对称面。     

The effect of the Jessica grounding on subtidal invertebrate and plant communities at the Galápagos wreck site

Impacts of the grounding of the oil tanker Jessica off San Cristóbal island, Galápagos, included both effects of oil on biota and also mechanical effects associated with a shallow furrow 50 m x 30 m gouged across the rocky seafloor and wreckage strewn over 7500 m(2). The wreckage represented a minor but potentially chronic source of pollution to the surrounding environment through delayed releases of oil, antifouling compounds and other toxic chemicals, and a possible source of exotic marine taxa. Investigation at the wreck site indicated that impacts on subtidal plant and macro-invertebrate communities were largely confined within 100 m of the wreck site itself. Observed population effects included significant increases in cover of opportunistic algae (filamentous green algae, filamentous red algae and Ulva sp.) and the hydroid Ectopleura media adjacent to the wreck, while densities of the green sea urchin Lytechinus semituberculatus significantly decreased from 0.3 m(-2) adjacent to the wreck to 11 m(-2) at 100 m distance.     

采用双台子台阵方法的实时地震预警

地震定位是地震学最基本的问题之一。在速度作为确定系统成功水平关键因素的实时地震预警系统中，快速对具有潜在毁坏性大地震的定位能力具有特别重要的意义。我们开发了一种简单的、仅采用台阵中两个最先到达的P波到时的方法。假设一个简单的速度模型，这两个P波波至可用于绘制一条期待包含有近似地震震中的双曲线。根据台阵中其他台站的初波至不是最先到达的P波初至的事实，可将双曲线上的震中位置进一步加以约束。当应用到加州赫克托矿地震以及美国中部一个较小的地震事件时，模型结果表明与实际地震震中位置符合。虽然子台阵对大地震定位的方法存在固有的不确定性，但对早期预警系统而言这是可以接受的折衷，因为这可节省几秒至十几秒的时间，而不用等待其他台站的P波波至。尽管本文的主要目的是提出一种定位方法，但本文还表明：最靠近赫克托矿地震震中的台站，在P波到达的2s和3s内，分别记录到0．3mm和1mm的地面运动，这表示一个大的地震事件已经发生。     

非表层热流—构造活动沉积盆地的一个实例

在现在的表层热流模型中,有重要地球动力学意义的热异常并不总是可以认识的。假象的出现是因为表层热流响应地幔热,地壳放射性,岩浆作用,地壳变表,埋藏和或剥露以及流体运动,其中任何一种都可能抵销其它的热效应。沉积盆地特别适合于将热流分成不同的组分,以新西兰Ｔａｒｎａｋｉ盆地为例。与构造活动的东部正好相反,该盆地西部的变形相对较弱。     

1996年11月9日长江口外6.1级地震影响场与震中区地震地质概述

1996年11月9日长江口外6.1级地震震中位于北纬31°43’,东经123°04’震级(Ms)6.1级,震源深度7km,陆上最大地震烈度为4度。上海虽普遍有感,但无明显损失。在解译长江口外地球物理场异常的基础上,发现这次地震发生在东西向崇明—启东断裂与北东向镇海断裂的交汇部位,是北东向断裂右旋滑移的结果。     

Sea lice treatments on salmon farms have no adverse effects on zooplankton communities: a case study

The long-term effects of the sea lice treatment products Excis and Slice on zooplankton communities in a Scottish sea loch were investigated at a commercially operating salmon farm over 31 months. Cypermethrin and emamectin benzoate are the active ingredients in Excis and Slice respectively, which are widely used to control ectoparasitic sea lice on farmed salmon. Excis and Slice treatments did not cause basin-wide effects on the zooplankton community. For both formulations, no adverse affects on zooplankton were detected, instead observed changes in zooplankton abundance and community composition displayed natural seasonal cycles of abundance. Water column concentrations of cypermethrin and emamectin benzoate following sea lice treatments at the fish farm were predicted using models. Cypermethrin concentrations of 3000 ng/l were predicted for short periods immediately after each cage treatment assuming no particle adhesion. The 3-h and 24-h Environmental Quality Standards (EQS) were exceeded for 10 h and 32 h respectively on the second day when five cages were treated. However, cypermethrin concentrations higher than 0.5 ng/l (24-h EQS) were predicted to occur over <2% of the total basin area on each treatment day. The 3-h EQS (16 ng/l) was exceeded in <0.3% of the basin on each treatment day. The concentration of soluble emamectin benzoate present in the water column was predicted from modelled deposition footprints and sediment concentrations to be of order 10(-3) ng/l. Predicted concentrations of both chemicals were generally lower than those causing toxicity to copepods in previous laboratory studies and further support the results of this field study that environmental concentrations of Excis and Slice do not adversely impact zooplankton communities.