Carbonate weathering rates in the Jura Mountains, France-The influence of vegetation

In order to better understand what controls carbonate weathering rates, we report results from the Jura Mountains （East France）, an area exclusively composed of carbonate rocks. This region presents an altitude gradient increasing from 250 m to 1300 m. Over the basin, this gradient generates climatic contrasts of 5℃ and a runoff three times higher in altitude. This place offers a good opportunity for understanding the controlling factors of carbonate weathering. Contrary to thermodynamic calculations that predict the highest concentrations at low temperature, we observe that carbonate dissolution is two times higher at low elevation than in the mountains. This observation can only be explained by a variation in soil pCO2. In order to better constrain the observed variation in cation contents （principally Ca and Mg） of rivers, we used the ASPECTS ecological model （Rasse et al., 2001）. Based on both hourly climatic data, vegetation type and soil type, ASPECTS may reconstruct pCO2 in soil.     

Heavy metal and arsenic distributions in soils surrounding Palapye, Botswana： An evaluation of environmental impact of coal mining and combustion in a sub-arid region

Coal is an important natural resource in Botswana. The best coals so far found occur in the Morupule coalfield, west of Palapye, where nearly 8000 million tons have been identified （Carney et al., 1994）. In this study we investigate the environmental impact of the mining and consumption of the high-ash, medium-calorific value bituminous coal in the eastern part of Botswana, which may serve as a reference for other coal mines and coal-based power stations around the globe. More than two hundred surface soil samples and three profile soil samples were collected around Morupule Colliery, Morupule Power Station and Palapye.     

Origin of high fluoride contents in groundwater of the Santa Maria Formation, Guarany Aquifer System, southern Brazil

Fluoride anomalies （up to 11 mg/L） have been detected in the porous confined Santa Maria Aquifer （Guarany Aquifer System） in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul State, southern Brazil, leading to endemic fluorosis. Two hypotheses are investigated concerning the fluoride origin： contamination by long-term phosphate-fertilizer application due to extensive tobacco plantation or lithogeochemical affiliation from regional rocks. The results are discussed based on statistical and geochemical modeling and stable isotope data of water, nitrate and sulfate. Field monitoring of phreatic and confined aquifer during two years and laboratory leaching and retention experiments were performed. Regional statistical analysis （factorial and cluster analysis） on the basis of 350 wells discriminates four different hydrochemical groups in the confined aquifer, considering magnesium, calcium bicarbonate, sodium chlorinate and sodium bicarbonate as specific parameters. The last two groups reach higher fluoride contents and represent deeper aquifer levels where geochemical modeling shows carbonates （calcite and dolomite） are of super-saturation. The laboratory experiments confirmed that local soils with high CTC and aluminum contents （Udults） represent an efficient geochemical barrier, preserving the aquifer from fluoride contamination and supporting remediation strategies for fluoride removal. δ^18O and δD groundwater data and the local meteoric water line （LMWL） indicate that local precipitation is the main groundwater recharge source in the area.     

深大活动断裂地球化学特征:以1783年2月5日意大利南部卡拉布里亚地震为例

1783年2~3月期间卡拉布里亚南部发生了5次大地震。大部分学者认为该次地震发震断层西倾、断层倾角较陡,断层在位于平原ESE部地区的结晶基岩上发生错动(Aspromonte断层)。而另外一些学者则认为发震断层为东倾且倾角较缓的隐伏断层(G ioia Tauro断层),和与其相邻的墨西拿海峡断裂相似。为了寻找发震断层方面的证据,1999—2000年期间,我们在G ioia Tauro平原共开展了4次地球化学调查。调查的目的是通过识别断层作用(或破裂),加强和深部水文循环有关的地球化学异常,得到关于地震成因方面的新的认识。深部流体特征用温度、盐度、碳总量与氡异常表征。共划分出三个主要的深部流体释放带:N icotera-Galatro地区(沿着NW向N icotera-G ioiosa-Jonica区域断裂线的N icotera-Galatro段);G ioia-Tauro与Sem inara之间的NW-SE向小区域及Rosarno与Palm i之间的海岸线。其中Rosarno与Palm i之间的海岸线正好位于推测的G ioia Tauro断层上界。绝大部分地球化学异常发生在Rosarno周围,该地区位于G ioiaTauro断层与N icotera-G ioiosa-Jonica区域断裂线的交汇部位。而在Aspromonte断层带没有发生明显的地下水侵蚀和压裂。基于以上发现我们提出了地球化学活动断裂带和地球化学交互作用断裂带的概念,从而进一步认识断层带的水力学特征及地壳中促使裂隙渗透性增强的断层作用机制。     

2006年DEMETER研讨会概况

2006年6月14—16日,DEMETER国际研讨会在法国图卢兹举行。此次会议由法国空间研究中心(CNES)主办,本次会议主要就DEMETER项目的成果和地震的电磁效应及电离层物理的最新进展进行了讨论。DEMETER卫星于2004年6月29日发射,是与太阳同步的圆形轨道,倾角为98.23°,高度为710km(从20     

2000年姚安MS65地震震源及近邻区的低QS

利用震源距23 km范围内观测的2000年姚安MS65地震余震记录，计算了震源及近邻区域的尾波规一直达S波在频率15～20 Hz之间的傅里叶谱振幅.结果显示谱振幅随震源距增大而增大， 在对谱振幅进行了震源辐射方向性校正之后, 才出现谱振幅随震源距衰减的现象.由此获得了震源及近邻区域S波的Q(f)值,可表示为QS(f)=89f098其值比由尾波得出的姚安地区的平均QC(f)值低得多，表明了震源破裂带的强烈非均匀性对QS(f)的重大影响.     

构造地球化学方法找矿的基本问题

构造地球化学是构造地质研究与地球化学研究有机结合的一门边缘学科，主要研究各种地质建造和构造的物质组成特征、地质构造作用与元素活化迁移、分散富集的关系、规律及其动力学机制。构造地化找矿（构造化探）是运用构造地球化学的思路和方法进行找矿研究的一种新方法。     

晋中地区遥感图像地理信息判读系统

引言众所周知,现代遥感技术具有宏观、快速、准确、直观、动态性和适应性等许多其它技术不能取代的优势,该项技术作为现代地理学的重要技术手段之一,已经广泛应用于地球资源、环境及自然灾害调查、监测和评价中,其图像处理方法是以遥感数据的光谱特征为基础,除了能直...