DNA adducts in mussels and fish exposed to bulky genotoxic compounds

Biological and procedural factors can influence DNA adduct detection in aquatic organisms. Among them, functional structure and metabolic traits represent major biological determinants for adducts formed by lipophilic pro-mutagenic contaminants. In detecting DNA adducts through the 32P-postlabelling assay, efficiency in DNA purification, digestion, labelling, as well as adduct enrichment and quantification may explain differences between independent studies. Reference DNA adducts have been used to verify some 32P-postlabelling aspects. Data obtained for mussels and fish treated with benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and environmentally exposed to genotoxins confirm the above assertions. Although the 32P-postlabelling assay cannot be proposed for routine biomonitoring it appears a reliable and very sensitive index of exposure to genotoxic pollutants in both fish and mollusks.     

Identification of SNARE proteins in fish-Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus

1 IntroductionSecretion is a basic function of all living organ-isms. In fish, like in mammals, neurotransmitters,hormones, enzymes and other macromolecules aresecreted in several neuronal, neuroendocrine and ex-ocrine organs and tissues located in brain,…     

末次间冰期之后劳伦和科迪勒拉冰盖的形成与发展

末次冰期年代确定中的一个基本问题是能被应用于确定事件年代而又大于放射性碳的测定限度的可靠的测年方法太少，最近10-20a来新测试技术的发展和应用已加深了我们对晚第四纪事件的了解，然而，对于确定事件的年代和分析这些事件依然受到限制．     

我国海洋环境保护的战略走势

80年代初期,中国沿海年接纳66亿吨工业废水和生活污水;80年代中期,增加到80亿吨,如今已达到90亿吨左右,估计2000年将会超过百亿吨大关。这些污水中含有大量的污染物质,其中主要是有机质污染物,它们无节制地被注入近岸、河口、城市毗邻区,造成赤     

两种不同凝胶柱测定壳聚糖分子量结果的比较

凝胶渗透色谱法测定壳聚糖分子量 ,以葡聚糖为标准品 ,用 2种不同的凝胶柱 (PLaquagel- OH柱和 TSK G4 0 0 0 PWXL柱 )测定 4种样品的分子量及其分布 ,并经过普适标定。比较结果发现 :PL aquagel- OH柱效果稍好于 TSK G4 0 0 0 PWXL柱。两柱所得重均分子量平均偏差为 0 .17%～ 3.38% ,数均分子量的平均偏差为 0 .90 %～ 3.5 7% ,分子量分布宽度指数 1.34～ 1.5 4。     

统一均衡基准下中国沿岸的海面变化

在对我国12个验潮站近几十年海平面观测资料的显著周期分析的基础上,采用海平面线性变化叠加若干固定周期变化的模型来拟合月均值观测值,并按最小二乘准则估计了这些验潮站近几十年来趋势性相对变化及误差,并将这些相对变化归算到文献[4]所建立的统一均衡基准下,研究了中国沿岸未来数十年的海面变化趋势.指出中国沿岸海面总趋势是上升的,各岸段速率有所不同,少数岸段海面下降.文中给出的数值对未来海面变化及影响的预测提供了依据.     

Evidence for enhanced bioavailability of trace elements in the marine ecosystem of Deception Island, a volcano in Antarctica

This study assessed whether trace elements present at Deception Island, an active submarine volcano in the Antarctic Peninsula, show enhanced biological availability to the local marine community. Using a weak acid extraction method to dissolve organic material and leach associated but not constitutive trace elements of sediments, fifteen elements were measured from seafloor sediment, seawater particulates, and tissues of benthic (bivalves, brittlestars, sea urchins) and pelagic (demersal and pelagic fishes, krill) organisms collected in the flooded caldera. The highest element concentrations were associated with seafloor sediment, the lowest with seawater particulates and organism tissues. In the case of Ag and Se, concentrations were highest in organism tissue, indicating contamination through the food chain and biomagnification of those elements. The elements Al, Fe, Mn, Sr, Ti, and to a lesser extent Zn, were the most concentrated of the trace elements for all sample types. This indicates that the whole ecosystem of Deception Island is contaminated with trace elements from local geothermal activity, which is also reflected in the pattern of element contamination in organisms. Accordingly, element concentrations were higher in organisms collected at Deception Island compared to those from the neighboring non-active volcanic King George Island, suggesting that volcanic activity enhances bioavailability of trace elements to marine organisms. Trace element concentrations were highest in digestive tissue of organisms, suggesting that elements at Deception Island are incorporated into the marine food web mainly through a dietary route.     

南海红树林内生真菌1356＃代谢产物的研究

从南海红树林内生真菌1356＃分离出两种鞘胺醇（A，B）和三种环二肽（C，D，E）。它们的结构通过IR，MS，1D NMR和2D NMR谱推导出来，（3'E,4E)-1-(-D-吡喃葡萄糖基－3－羟基－2－（2'-羟基十八碳酰基）氨基－10－甲－3',4,9-十八碳三烯（A）是一种新的鞘胺醇甙。     

小丁港海岸演变及整治工程试验研究

一、前言本文所研究的海岸位于云台山以南、埒子口以北约22公里长的一段粉沙淤泥质的侵蚀海岸。这段海岸自1855年黄河北归山东入海以来,岸滩一直处于侵蚀的过程。由于岸线的不断后退,现今的海堤基本上已成为岸线(见图1)。     

Induction of phenol-type sulfotransferase and glucuronosyltransferase in channel catfish and mummichog

Conjugation of phenolic xenobiotics and metabolites through sulfation and glucuronidation is an important biotransformation pathway. Sulfotransferases (SULT) are generally considered non-inducible, while some UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) isoenzymes are co-induced with cytochrome P450-1A by Ah-receptor ligands. To test these assumptions for two fish species, we measured sulfation and glucuronidation of 9-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene in 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC) treated channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) and in mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus) from the creosote contaminated Atlantic Wood site in the Elizabeth River, VA. The results show a significant induction of both UGT and SULT activity in 3-MC treated catfish, linked to the expected induction of EROD activity. In mummichog, significant induction of UGT was measured at the contaminated site over the reference site (King's Creek, VA), as well as extremely low SULT activities at both sites. Western blots, using a polyclonal antibody for catfish phenol-type SULT, confirmed the absence of phenol-type SULT in mummichog. Residual, though slightly inducible, SULT activity may be attributed to other SULT isoforms.