FOOD CONSUMPTION AND NUTRITION IN RURAL AREAS OF MADHYA PRADESH, INDIA (WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO SAGAR DIVISION)

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西澳大利亚纳里耶片麻岩杂岩的高敏度质谱分辨离子探针U-Pb锆石地质年代学

澳大利亚伊尔岗克拉通的纳里耶片麻岩杂岩的高敏度质谱分辨离子探针(SHRIMP)U-Pb锆石地质年代学已经进一步证明。该区的东半部含有丰富的早太古代片麻岩(3300-3730Ma),而且在其西半部发现了只有3000Ma或小3000Ma的片麻岩。在研究程度较高的纳里耶片麻岩杂岩的南部地区,早太古代片麻岩被划分为埃乌拉达(Eurada)片麻岩组合(最老的岩石为3490Ma)和努卡瓦拉片麻岩组合(最老的岩石为3730Ma)。在这两个组合中,只有最老的岩石是英闪质的,而所有较年轻的岩石是花岗闪长质或花岗质的。这两个组合,虽然构造上可能并列在一起,但直到发生3280-3300Ma的花岗岩和伟晶岩侵位为止,却表现为不同的演化历史。人们发现这两个片麻岩组合与纳里耶上壳岩组合呈互层,上壳岩组合含有丰富的富含石英的碎屑沉积岩。该岩石组合的最大露头形成了纳里耶山和杰克山(Jack HilIs),该区沉积物内少部分碎屑锆石年龄>4000Ma。碎屑锆石年龄数目(Populations)在纳里耶上壳岩组合中因样品而异。这些年龄数目的分析表明,除去3800—4280Ma的锆石因物源尚不知道外,其它碎屑锆石均以不同比例来源于努卡瓦拉和埃乌拉达片麻岩组合岩石。早太古代片麻岩组合之间的原始关系,由于几期花岗岩岩席的侵入作用,其与纳里耶上壳岩呈夹层以及2750Ma和2620Ma之间的褶皱,之后又伴随有太古宙末期或元古宙的近垂直剪切带运动,而面目全非。晚太古代事件与整个伊尔岗克拉通的事件完全相似,并且认为可能在几个不同的幕中通过地体组合伴随着克拉通的增长。     

Construction of vertical wind profile from satellite-derived winds for objective analysis of wind field

During summer Monex-79, a variety of observing systems viz. research ships, research aircrafts, constant pres-sure balloons and geostationary satellite etc. were deployed, besides the regular conventional observations The pur-pose of these additional systems was to make the best possible data for the studies on various aspects of monsoon cir-culation. The present study is aimed at the construction of vertical wind profile using cloud motion vectors obtained from GOES (I-O) satellite and to examine whether the constructed wind profiles improves the representation of the monsoon system, flow pattern etc. in the objective analysis. For this purpose, climatological normals of the wind field are considered as the initial guess and the objective analyses of the wind field are made with, first using only data from conventional observations over land areas, subsequently including the constructed winds from cloud motion vectors. These analyses are then compared with the standard analyses of wind field obtained from Quick Look Atlas by T. N. Krishnamurti et al. (1979).It is inferred that satellite estimated mean wind profiles show good agreement with the mean wind profiles of the research ships with RMS errors less than 5 mps below 500 hPa and less than 8 mps above 500 hPa. It is further infer-red that the inclusion of constructed winds shows a positive impact on the objective analysis and improvement is seen to be more marked in the data-sparse region of the Arabian sea. Analyses which include the constructed winds show better agreement with the standard analysis, than the analyses obtained using only conventional winds. Thus, results of our study suggest that the wind profiles constructed using cloud motion vectors are of potential use in objective analysis to depict the major circulation features over the Indian region.     

云南地磁短周期变化异常及地下导电率结构

横跨云南省红河断裂布设两条测线,每条测线由8个测点组成.在两条测线上进行了三分量地磁短周期变化的同步连续观测,计算了8——60min 周期成份的感应矢量.其实感应矢量在洱源、下关、巍山、墨江和永平、云县、临沧、思茅之间存在一反向轴线,轴线两侧实感应矢量反向,并随离该轴线距离的增加而衰减.东北侧实感应矢量随距离的衰减小于西南侧的衰减.在大部份测点上短周期成份的实感应矢量小于长周期成份的实感应矢量.根据这些特点,利用导电结构模型的数值计算探讨了该区导电率结构的某些特征.这一探讨指出,在该区地下红河断裂西和西南侧存在一高导带,这一高导带向东北倾斜,大部份测点地下在此高导带上有高导覆盖层.      

ON ICE FORMING NUCLEI

Cloud condensation nuclei(CCN)constitute a reservoir of latent ice-forming nuclei(IFN)active by condensation-followed-by-freezing and by sorption.Two classes of aerosol particles active as IFN by sorption werefound.The first produces IFN concentrations which are dependent on temperature only.The IFN concen-tration consecutively increases with lowering of temperature and does not respond to the increasing partialwater vapor pressure.The second produces IFN concentrations which are dependent on partial water vaporpressure only,The IFN concentration consecutively decreases with decreasing of the partial water vapor pres-sure that takes place with the lowering temperature.Sulfates(mostly ammonium sulfate)constitute an integral part of IFN active by condensation-followed-by-freezing and by sorption.Backward isentropic air parcel trajectories linked polluted air rich in sulfates andclean air with high and low concentrations of IFN active by condensation-followed-by-freezing at-19.7℃ andS_w=0.1%.The experiments were performed in a dynamic filter processing chamber with aerosol particles collectedon membrane filters.     

通过940nm附近的微分吸收从空间确定大气总水汽量:理论与机载检验

文中提出了一种从空间估算大气总水汽含量的新方法。该方法是从一窄一宽两个光谱通道来观测地球表面,两光谱通道的中心都在水汽吸收最大处940nm附近的波长上。由于这些特征,两个通道测得的太阳辐射率之比不依赖于地面反射率,能得到一个沿光学路径的总水汽含量直接估计值。以这种概念为基础,我们设计并制作丁一台两通道辐射仪以检验该方法。采用新设备进行的机载试验证明,在海洋和陆地上晴空条件下该方法是可行的,然而在海洋上并且有深厚气溶胶层存在时用该方法所得的总水汽量可能估计偏低20％。尽管卫星微波方法可以在各种天气条件下使用,与之相比,我们的方法具有简便的优点,而且在陆地上微波辐射测量技术不适用。我们提出的方法可能是一种很有希望的、可用于陆地的备选方法。     

导体边缘附近虚感应矢量性质的数值模型研究

本文用E极化的二维有限元法和有限差分法研究导体层边缘附近的虚感应矢量.首先,研究有一定埋深的导体--围岩界面处的情况,其中包括虚感应矢量的频率响应.其次,研究了海岸效应的虚感应矢量的频率响应.在海岸效应中不仅考虑了不同海水层厚度的影响,还考虑了海水与陆地的电导率比值大小对虚感应矢量的影响.最后,研究了被动陆缘（passive continental margin）处的海岸效应,检查磁感应矢量的测量是否能揭示海岸下面深部电导率的横向变化（即与岩石层厚度变化有关联的电导率变化）.