Effects of salinity and clay type on oil-mineral aggregation

Effects of salinity and clay type on the aggregation process of crude oil and clay particles (oil-mineral aggregates--OMA) were studied in the laboratory. OMA were generated by shaking various oil/clay mixtures in water at 20 degrees C and at a pre-determined energy level. Shape, median and maximum sizes, size distribution and concentration of oil droplets forming OMA were measured using epi-fluorescence microscopy. Results showed that the median and maximum sizes and the concentration of mineral-stabilized droplets increase rapidly when salinity increases from zero to a critical aggregation salinity in the range of 1.2-3.5 ppt. The magnitude of the increase of droplet size is controlled by clay type, while the increase of droplet concentration is influenced by oil type. Size distributions of oil droplets are self-similar, but their magnitudes depend on salinity and oil type. The effect of salinity on droplet size distribution is strongly influenced by clay type. Empirical relationships are derived to calculate concentration and size distribution of mineral-stabilized droplets.     

Array technology as a tool to monitor exposure of fish to xenoestrogens

A variety of anthropogenic chemicals are capable of binding to the estrogen receptor of vertebrate species. Binding of these compounds can interfere with homeostasis by disrupting normal gene expression patterns. The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of applying array technology as a monitoring tool for detecting the presence and distribution of estrogenic compounds in coastal habitats using sheepshead minnows as our model. cDNA clones that were isolated from differential display, including vitellogenin alpha and beta, vitelline envelope protein (ZP2), and transferrin, among others, were spotted on the macroarray. The results of these experiments demonstrate a characteristic expression pattern of estrogen responsive genes in sheepshead minnows exposed to 17 beta-estradiol (E2).     

用感耦等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）测定海水中的稀土元素

从分离测定海水样品中稀土元素的经典工作开始，确定海水中稀土元素分布图便成为一个实际难题．由于稀土元素的浓度在pmolkg^-1范围，需要预富集或采用先进的分析仪器．作为预富集技术曾成功地运用过Fe(OH)3共沉淀法，离子交换色谱和溶剂萃取等方法．对稀土元素的测定，     

Benthic biotope index for classifying habitats in the Sado Estuary: Portugal

An integration of sediment physical, chemical, biological, and toxicity data is necessary for a meaningful interpretation of the complex sediment conditions in the marine environment. Assessment of benthic community is a vital component for that interpretation, yet their evaluation is complex and requires a large expenditure of time and funds. Thus, there is a need for new tools that are less expensive and more understandable for managers. This paper presents a benthic biotope index to predict from physical and chemical variables the occurrence of macrobenthic habitats. Parameters such as sediment type, organic matter, depth, and hydrodynamic parameters were selected, through a discriminant analysis, to compute the index. Other authors have used multivariate methods to determine the benthic biotopes for Sado Estuary. The index proved to be a valid tool to classify and assess the spatial patterns of benthic habitat and to synthesize stress biotope gradients.     

西北太平洋第四纪沉积物中碎屑成分及其古海洋学意义

西北太平洋第四纪沉积物中碎屑成分及其古海洋学意义Ｖ．Ｐ．Ｎｅｃｈａｅｖ等北太平洋，特别是它的西北部地区，是根据第四纪沉积研究气候和大洋环流全球变化的最好的地区之一。在某种程度上是因为：（１）沉积物常含有大量的适合古生物研究和进行氧、碳同位素分析的微体...     

南海红树林内生真菌1356~#代谢产物的研究

从南海红树林内生真菌1356#分离出两种鞘胺醇(A,B)和三种环二肽(C,D,E)?它们的结构通过IR,MS,1D NMR和2D NMR谱推导出来?(3＇E,4E)-1-(-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-3-羟基-2-(2＇-羟基十八碳酰基)氨基-10-甲基-3＇,4,9-十八碳三烯(A)是一种新的鞘胺醇甙?     

冲绳海槽晚更新世以来古海洋学的研究

冲绳海槽Z_(14-6)孔柱状样于1981年取得,该孔浮游有孔虫系统鉴定、统计及转换函数分析表明,该区12万年来曾存在三个温暖时期,末次间冰期存在两次寒冷波动。氧同位素5e亚期为最温暖时期,海水冬季表层水温高出现代1.9℃;氧同位素第2期为本区晚更新世以来最寒冷时期,冬季海水表层水温降至12.4℃,比现今低6.8℃。海水冬、夏表层水温差异与气候的寒冷程度有关,气候越寒冷,温差越大。此外,本文还就黑潮的某些古海洋学特性进行了初步探讨。     

Expression and activity of a multixenobiotic resistance system in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas

The multidrug resistance (MDR) mechanism corresponds to a defence system relying on the expression of high molecular membrane proteins that can actively lower the intracellular concentration of a wide variety of toxins, thus maintaining them below their toxic level. Using RT-PCR, expression levels of a gene belonging to the class I of mammalian mdr genes, has been assessed in different developmental stages of the oyster Crassostrea gigas. While no expression was found in the oocyte or the trocophore stage, a rise of mRNA content was observed from the veliger stage to the juvenile stage, thus indicating the induction of the system as the animal is developing in the environment. The incubation of gill fragments in the dye rhodamine B and subsequent measurements of intracellular fluorescence using a microplate reader indicates that the system can effectively decrease the accumulation of the test compound in a competitive manner with known inhibitors or environmental contaminants as observed in vertebrate cells. The oyster MXR system is thus becoming active in adult oyster and could be of importance in environmentally contaminated areas.