澳大利亚海洋生物研究概况

澳大利亚从事海洋生物研究的单位很多。下面我们仅扼要介绍一下其主要研究机构、经费来源及研究概况。 一、海洋生物的主要研究机构、 澳大利亚共有19所大学,主要分布在州政府所在地。除一所大学之外,这些大学都设有生物系。这些系都从事一定的海洋研究,只不过其中有些系更偏重海洋生物学研究而已。北昆士兰詹姆斯·科克大学海洋生物学在生物系享有一定地位,而其它大学在生物     

墨西哥南下加利福尼亚上新世洛雷托盆地构造与加利福尼亚湾的演化

墨西哥南下加利福尼亚上新世洛雷托盆地构造与加利福尼亚湾的演化Ｐ．Ｊ．Ｕｍｈｏｅｆｅｒ等洛雷托盆地滨岸部分位于南下加利福尼亚州洛雷托正北的加利福尼亚湾沿岸，面积１５×５０ｋｍ。在盆地南部，上上新统沉积岩覆于中新统火山岩之上。这些沉积物沿着盆地西南边缘洛...     

黄、东海及其邻海的气旋与埃尔尼诺现象

一、序言ENSO现象对全球大气环流及其伴随天气的影响,一直是近年来海气相互作用研究的焦点之一,一些有趣的研究表明,ENSO现象对中纬度气候有显著的影响.本文统计了1899-1962年每年发生在20°-40°N,120°-150°E区域(图1)以及主要气旋活动中心(图1阴影     

Effects of salinity and clay type on oil-mineral aggregation

Effects of salinity and clay type on the aggregation process of crude oil and clay particles (oil-mineral aggregates--OMA) were studied in the laboratory. OMA were generated by shaking various oil/clay mixtures in water at 20 degrees C and at a pre-determined energy level. Shape, median and maximum sizes, size distribution and concentration of oil droplets forming OMA were measured using epi-fluorescence microscopy. Results showed that the median and maximum sizes and the concentration of mineral-stabilized droplets increase rapidly when salinity increases from zero to a critical aggregation salinity in the range of 1.2-3.5 ppt. The magnitude of the increase of droplet size is controlled by clay type, while the increase of droplet concentration is influenced by oil type. Size distributions of oil droplets are self-similar, but their magnitudes depend on salinity and oil type. The effect of salinity on droplet size distribution is strongly influenced by clay type. Empirical relationships are derived to calculate concentration and size distribution of mineral-stabilized droplets.     

Array technology as a tool to monitor exposure of fish to xenoestrogens

A variety of anthropogenic chemicals are capable of binding to the estrogen receptor of vertebrate species. Binding of these compounds can interfere with homeostasis by disrupting normal gene expression patterns. The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of applying array technology as a monitoring tool for detecting the presence and distribution of estrogenic compounds in coastal habitats using sheepshead minnows as our model. cDNA clones that were isolated from differential display, including vitellogenin alpha and beta, vitelline envelope protein (ZP2), and transferrin, among others, were spotted on the macroarray. The results of these experiments demonstrate a characteristic expression pattern of estrogen responsive genes in sheepshead minnows exposed to 17 beta-estradiol (E2).     

用感耦等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）测定海水中的稀土元素

从分离测定海水样品中稀土元素的经典工作开始，确定海水中稀土元素分布图便成为一个实际难题．由于稀土元素的浓度在pmolkg^-1范围，需要预富集或采用先进的分析仪器．作为预富集技术曾成功地运用过Fe(OH)3共沉淀法，离子交换色谱和溶剂萃取等方法．对稀土元素的测定，     

Benthic biotope index for classifying habitats in the Sado Estuary: Portugal

An integration of sediment physical, chemical, biological, and toxicity data is necessary for a meaningful interpretation of the complex sediment conditions in the marine environment. Assessment of benthic community is a vital component for that interpretation, yet their evaluation is complex and requires a large expenditure of time and funds. Thus, there is a need for new tools that are less expensive and more understandable for managers. This paper presents a benthic biotope index to predict from physical and chemical variables the occurrence of macrobenthic habitats. Parameters such as sediment type, organic matter, depth, and hydrodynamic parameters were selected, through a discriminant analysis, to compute the index. Other authors have used multivariate methods to determine the benthic biotopes for Sado Estuary. The index proved to be a valid tool to classify and assess the spatial patterns of benthic habitat and to synthesize stress biotope gradients.     

西北太平洋第四纪沉积物中碎屑成分及其古海洋学意义

西北太平洋第四纪沉积物中碎屑成分及其古海洋学意义Ｖ．Ｐ．Ｎｅｃｈａｅｖ等北太平洋，特别是它的西北部地区，是根据第四纪沉积研究气候和大洋环流全球变化的最好的地区之一。在某种程度上是因为：（１）沉积物常含有大量的适合古生物研究和进行氧、碳同位素分析的微体...