全文获取类型
收费全文 | 41788篇 |
免费 | 586篇 |
国内免费 | 354篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 1287篇 |
大气科学 | 3053篇 |
地球物理 | 8494篇 |
地质学 | 13781篇 |
海洋学 | 3607篇 |
天文学 | 10230篇 |
综合类 | 114篇 |
自然地理 | 2162篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 328篇 |
2020年 | 362篇 |
2019年 | 448篇 |
2018年 | 972篇 |
2017年 | 898篇 |
2016年 | 1172篇 |
2015年 | 662篇 |
2014年 | 1112篇 |
2013年 | 2010篇 |
2012年 | 1218篇 |
2011年 | 1610篇 |
2010年 | 1468篇 |
2009年 | 2024篇 |
2008年 | 1780篇 |
2007年 | 1802篇 |
2006年 | 1690篇 |
2005年 | 1271篇 |
2004年 | 1297篇 |
2003年 | 1184篇 |
2002年 | 1225篇 |
2001年 | 1086篇 |
2000年 | 1016篇 |
1999年 | 893篇 |
1998年 | 884篇 |
1997年 | 888篇 |
1996年 | 711篇 |
1995年 | 666篇 |
1994年 | 625篇 |
1993年 | 543篇 |
1992年 | 475篇 |
1991年 | 486篇 |
1990年 | 466篇 |
1989年 | 485篇 |
1988年 | 434篇 |
1987年 | 503篇 |
1986年 | 456篇 |
1985年 | 535篇 |
1984年 | 658篇 |
1983年 | 568篇 |
1982年 | 557篇 |
1981年 | 505篇 |
1980年 | 440篇 |
1979年 | 432篇 |
1978年 | 445篇 |
1977年 | 381篇 |
1976年 | 341篇 |
1975年 | 349篇 |
1974年 | 324篇 |
1973年 | 362篇 |
1972年 | 260篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
991.
Several methods have been developed for vulnerability mapping in karstic areas. These methods need additional validation by field experiments. Several tests have been carried out in the Swiss Jura with natural and artificial tracers. The protective role of some intrinsic properties of the system, such as glacial deposits covering karst, epikarst storage and system dilution effect, have been clearly demonstrated. Use of three tracers in parallel showed the reactivity of the epikarst: all tracers arrived at the same time, but their relative concentration stayed clearly different. A classification of contamination scenarios into four classes is proposed. It is shown that the relevance of some intrinsic properties depends on the considered scenario class. The hydrodynamic state of the aquifer influences greatly flow velocities and can strongly modify contaminant concentrations at the output of the system. The spatial repartition (point vs diffuse) and the quantity of contaminant entering the system will also influence the output response. Hence, results from tracing experiments cannot be used straightforward for obtaining a representative value of flow velocity, dispersion or recovery rate. 相似文献
992.
L. Melluso P. Censi G. Perini L. Vasconcelos V. Morra F. Guerreiro L. Bennio 《Mineralogy and Petrology》2004,80(3-4):201-213
Summary The Xiluvo complex of central Mozambique is made up of coarse- to fine-grained calciocarbonatites (sövites and alvikites), heavily altered lamprophyres and syenitic rocks that intruded the Precambrian basement ca. 120Ma ago. The carbonatites have fractionated rare earth element patterns (chondrite-normalized La/Yb=30–80) and markedly negative Rb, K, P, Zr and Ti anomalies in mantle-normalized incompatible element diagrams. The 18O (+7 to +8), 13C (–5), and the age-corrected 87Sr/86Sr (0.7032–0.7033) and 143Nd/144Nd (0.51263–0.51262) indicate an origin in the mantle. A few carbonatitic samples have higher 18O (+13), indicating interaction with high-18O crust or late-stage fluids. The chemical and isotopic compositions of the Xiluvo carbonatites and nearby carbonatites of similar age in Malawi indicate very similar sources, characterized by time-integrated depletion of Rb with respect to Sr and of Sm with respect to Nd. These characteristics point to a source similar in many respects to those of other East African carbonatites and to those of some ocean island basalts, with the additional influx of components possibly located in the African lithospheric mantle. 相似文献
993.
Alessandro Beghini Zdeněk P. Bažant R. Chambon D. Kolymbas I. Herle 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2004,28(4):365-372
994.
While laboratory and analytical studies can provide valuable information about earthquake hazard mitigation, the most effective educator is the impact of a full-scale earthquake on a full-scale city. The recent earthquakes in Turkey showed that the governmental as well as individual attitudes towards earthquakes did not represent proportionate responses to the risk levels concerned. Turkey had weaknesses in preparing, planning, mitigating and responding to disasters in spite of the known seismic vulnerability of the country. Many steps have been taken after 1999 earthquakes in Turkey, however, the preparations largely concentrate on the response and recovery phases and a fundamental step to reform the current disaster management system and steps to rehabilitate the vulnerable building stock has not been undertaken until today. This would involve changing the present laws and regulations and de-centralising the disaster management system. The aim of this paper is to propose a national mitigation strategy for Turkey for a time-frame of 10 years. The model proposed is a very comprehensive model for earthquake risk reduction in Turkey and within this context, the legislative and technical aspects of mitigation will be discussed in detail. Strategies for mitigating and retrofitting the existing building stock will also be proposed. 相似文献
995.
Permian deep‐water mudstones in the Tanqua Basin, South Africa, have been studied using geochemical and spectral gamma ray techniques. The mudstones occur as thick sequences between sand‐rich submarine fans, but also occur as thinner mud‐rich units within each fan. The interfan mudstones are interpreted to have accumulated during transgression and the consequent period of relatively high sea‐level, while the submarine fans and their intrafan mudstones were deposited during regression and relatively low sea‐level. Geochemical analyses revealed systematic differences between interfan and intrafan mudstones because the two types of mudstones have slightly different source lithologies. Differences between the two types of mudstone suggest that changes in relative sea‐level played a role in controlling exposure of sediment source areas. There are geochemical signals that display systematic stratigraphic trends within both interfan and intrafan mudstones. These are best explained by gradual denudation, exposure and weathering of different lithologies within a single sediment source area. Both interfan and intrafan mudstones have uniform geochemical signals along the flow direction except for the relative amount of uranium. It is most likely that the basinward increase in uranium in the mudstones is the result of reduced clastic dilution of uranium‐bearing pelagic fallout. 相似文献
996.
Stability of fluorite and titanite in a calc-silicate rock from the Vizianagaram area, Eastern Ghats Belt, India 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In the Vizianagaram area (E 83°29.442′; N 18°5.418′) of the Eastern Ghats Belt, India, a suite of graphite‐bearing calc‐silicate granulites, veined by syenitic rocks, developed wollastonite‐rich veins at 6–7 kbar and > 850 °C. During subsequent near‐isobaric cooling wollastonite was replaced by calcite + quartz and a graphic intergrowth of fluorite + quartz ± clinopyroxene. Titanite with variable Al and F contents is present throughout the rock. Combining the compositional variation of titanite and recent experimental data, it is demonstrated that the mineral assemblage, the composition of coexisting fluids and the mobility of Al exert a far greater control on the composition of titanite than pressure, temperature or the whole rock composition. Thermodynamically computed isothermal–isobaric logfO2– logfCO2 and logfF2– logfO2 grids in the systems Ca–Fe–Si–O–F (CISOF; calcite‐free) and Ca–Fe–Si–O–F–C–H (CISOFV; calcite‐present) demonstrate the influence of bulk rock and fluid compositions on the stability of the fluorite‐bearing assemblages in diverse geological environments and resolve the problem of the stability of titanite in fayalite + fluorite‐bearing rocks in the Adirondacks. The mineralogy of the studied rocks and the topological constraints tightly fix the logfO2, logfF2 and logfCO2 at ?15.8, ?30.6 and 4.1, respectively, at 6.5 kbar and c. 730 °C. Because of the similarity in the P–T conditions, the compositions of pore fluids in the fluorite‐bearing assemblages of the Adirondacks and the Eastern Ghats Belt have been compared. 相似文献
997.
998.
B.R. Goleby R.S. Blewett R.J. Korsch D.C. Champion K.F. Cassidy L.E.A. Jones P.B. Groenewald P. Henson 《Tectonophysics》2004,388(1-4):119
Deep seismic reflection data across the Archaean Eastern Goldfields Province, northeastern Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia, have provided information on its crustal architecture and on several of its highly mineralised belts. The seismic reflection data allow interpretation of several prominent crustal scale features, including an eastward thickening of the crust, subdivision of the crust into three broad layers, the presence of a prominent east dip to the majority of the reflections and the interpretation of three east-dipping crustal-penetrating shear zones. These east-dipping shear zones are major structures that subdivide the region into four terranes. Major orogenic gold deposits in the Eastern Goldfields Province are spatially associated with these major structures. The Laverton Tectonic Zone, for example, is a highly mineralised corridor that contains several world-class gold deposits plus many smaller deposits. Other non crustal-penetrating structures within the area do not appear to be as well endowed metallogenically as the Laverton structure. The seismic reflection data have also imaged a series of low-angle shear zones within and beneath the granite–greenstone terranes. Where the low-angle shear zones intersect the major crustal-penetrating structures, a wedge shaped geometry is formed. This geometry forms a suitable fluid focusing wedge in which upward to subhorizontal moving fluids are focused and then distributed into the nearby complexly deformed greenstones. 相似文献
999.
Christopher R. C. Paul Stephen K. Donovan Lucy A. Muir Joseph P. Botting Jih‐Pai Lin Yuandong Zhang 《Geological Journal》2016,51(1):143-156
Pelmatozoans diversified primarily during the Middle and Late Ordovician Period, with Early Ordovician records being much more limited, resulting in many gaps in our knowledge of the early stages of their diversification. Dissociated pelmatozoan ossicles have been found abundantly in one section in the Tonggao Formation (Tetragraptus approximatus Biozone, Floian, Early Ordovician). Most of the ossicles are thecal plates and stem ossicles from hemicosmitoid and glyptocystitoid cystoids. Thecal plates of ‘Cheirocrinus’ sp., Polycosmites sp., and other plates of uncertain affinity are described. A different ossicle type, Pentagonopentagonalis (col.), may represent crinoid remains; this would be one of the earliest occurrences of the class. The thecal ossicles and columnals are all considered, as both sets of data are desirable to determine the most complete estimate of generic diversity. The echinoderm ossicles may have been transported in from shallower water palaeoenvironments and clusters of ossicles may represent coprolites or regurgitates. Estimates of Early Ordovician palaeogeography that place this site at 30°S or near the palaeoequator are supported by the physiological requirements of the primitive echinoderms described herein. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
1000.
The Golden Pride gold deposit (∼3 Moz) is located in the central part of the Nzega Greenstone Belt at the southern margin
of the Lake Victoria Goldfields in Tanzania. It represents an inferred Late Archaean, orogenic gold deposit and is hosted
in intensely deformed meta-sedimentary rocks in the hanging wall of the approximately E–W striking Golden Pride Shear Zone.
The hanging-wall sequence also includes felsic (quartz porphyritic) to mafic (lamprophyric) intrusions, as well as banded
iron formations. Hydrothermal alteration phases associated with mineralisation are dominated by sericite and chlorite. Two
main ore types can be distinguished, chlorite and silica ore, both occupying dilational sites and structural intersections
in the hanging wall of the main shear zone. Sulphide minerals in both ore types include pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite, pyrite and
accessory sphalerite, galena, sulphosalts and Ni–Co–Bi sulphides. Gold and tellurides are late in the paragenetic sequence
and associated with a secondary phase of pyrrhotite deposition. Sulphur isotope compositions range from −6 to 7 per mil and
are interpreted to reflect contributions from two distinct sources to the mineralising fluids in the Golden Pride gold deposit.
A redox change, potentially induced by the intrusion of mafic melts, together with structural elements in the hanging wall
of the Golden Pride Shear Zone, are interpreted to be the main controls on gold mineralisation in this deposit. 相似文献