全文获取类型
收费全文 | 306篇 |
免费 | 3篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 1篇 |
大气科学 | 26篇 |
地球物理 | 94篇 |
地质学 | 144篇 |
海洋学 | 5篇 |
天文学 | 35篇 |
自然地理 | 4篇 |
出版年
2016年 | 4篇 |
2015年 | 7篇 |
2013年 | 6篇 |
2009年 | 6篇 |
2007年 | 7篇 |
2006年 | 6篇 |
2005年 | 5篇 |
2004年 | 4篇 |
2003年 | 4篇 |
2002年 | 9篇 |
2000年 | 4篇 |
1999年 | 5篇 |
1998年 | 5篇 |
1994年 | 5篇 |
1985年 | 4篇 |
1980年 | 5篇 |
1979年 | 5篇 |
1978年 | 5篇 |
1976年 | 7篇 |
1975年 | 6篇 |
1974年 | 4篇 |
1973年 | 4篇 |
1972年 | 3篇 |
1967年 | 3篇 |
1964年 | 3篇 |
1963年 | 3篇 |
1961年 | 3篇 |
1959年 | 3篇 |
1958年 | 4篇 |
1956年 | 4篇 |
1955年 | 3篇 |
1954年 | 8篇 |
1952年 | 5篇 |
1951年 | 7篇 |
1950年 | 6篇 |
1949年 | 10篇 |
1948年 | 8篇 |
1938年 | 3篇 |
1931年 | 3篇 |
1930年 | 4篇 |
1927年 | 3篇 |
1926年 | 4篇 |
1925年 | 3篇 |
1924年 | 3篇 |
1922年 | 3篇 |
1920年 | 4篇 |
1918年 | 3篇 |
1913年 | 3篇 |
1912年 | 4篇 |
1911年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有309条查询结果,搜索用时 250 毫秒
191.
Edgar L Andreas Reginald J. Hill James R. Gosz Douglas I. Moore William D. Otto Achanta D. Sarma 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1998,86(3):379-408
Refuge has patchy vegetation in sandy soil. During midday and at night, the surface sources and sinks for heat and moisture may thus be different. Although the Sevilleta is broad and level, its metre-scale heterogeneity could therefore violate an assumption on which Monin-Obukhov similarity theory (MOST) relies. To test the applicability of MOST in such a setting, we measured the standard deviations of vertical (w) and longitudinal velocity (u), temperature (t), and humidity (q), the temperature-humidity covariance (¯tq), and the temperature skewness (St). Dividing the former five quantities by the appropriate flux scales (u*, *, and q*) yielded the nondimensional statistics w/u*, u/u*, t/|t*|, q/|q*|, and ¯tq/t*q*. w/u*, t/|t*|, and St have magnitudes and variations with stability similar to those reported in the literature and, thus, seem to obey MOST. Though u/u* is often presumed not to obey MOST, our u/u* data also agree with MOST scaling arguments. While q/|q*| has the same dependence on stability as t/|t*|, its magnitude is 28% larger. When we ignore ¯tq/t*q* values measured during sunrise and sunset transitions – when MOST is not expected to apply – this statistic has essentially the same magnitude and stability dependence as (t/t*)2. In a flow that truly obeys MOST, (t/t*)2, (q/q*)2, and ¯tq/t*q* should all have the same functional form. That (q/q*)2 differs from the other two suggests that the Sevilleta has an interesting surface not compatible with MOST. The sources of humidity reflect the patchiness while, despite the patchiness, the sources of heat seem uniformly distributed. 相似文献
192.
Summer evapotranspiration in western Siberia: a comparison between eddy covariance and Penman method formulations
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《水文研究》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Evapotranspiration is difficult to quantify because of the many factors and complex processes that influence it. Several empirical methods have been developed over the years to estimate potential evapotranspiration based on easily available parameters. Directly measured data of actual evapotranspiration have been rather sparse in the past and still need to be improved in particular regions like western Siberia. The transition zone between the warm temperate and cold temperate continental climates is very sensitive to climate change, and water stress is an increasingly important issue in these regions with a highly dynamic agricultural activity. So there is a growing need to estimate actual evapotranspiration. Widely usable approximations are needed. In this study, the values of potential evapotranspiration computed with the original version, and eight modifications of the Penman formulation were compared and related to the actual evapotranspiration measured by eddy covariance over a grassland area in western Siberia. The original 1948 and 1963 Penman formulations are best for estimating potential evapotranspiration in the transition zone between the forest steppes and the pre‐taiga. A nearly linear relationship between the potential and actual evapotranspiration was found. A simple modification of the Penman equation (i.e. the multiplication of the result by a factor of 0.47) is suggested for approximating the actual evapotranspiration based on standard meteorological data for the region. The original Penman formulation is most robust and will provide the widest applicability in the future under changing climate and environmental conditions. In this context, it is further recommended not to neglect the ventilation term of the Penman equation, which is often assumed to be negligibly small. A detailed correlation analysis showed that under dry soil conditions, the vegetation largely contributed to the actual evapotranspiration and, in contrast to widely held expectations, that the Penman equation is best adapted to vegetated surfaces. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
193.
194.
195.
Jon Y. Landvik Edward J. Brook Lyn Gualtieri Henriette Linge Grant Raisbeck Otto Salvigsen Françoise Yiou 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2013,42(1):43-56
The Late Weichselian ice sheet of western Svalbard was characterized by ice streams and inter‐ice‐stream areas. To reconstruct its geometry and dynamics we investigated the glacial geology of two areas on the island of Prins Karls Forland and the Mitrahalvøya peninsula. Cosmogenic 10Be surface exposure dating of glacial erratics and bedrock was used to constrain past ice thickness, providing minimum estimates in both areas. Contrary to previous studies, we found that Prins Karls Forland experienced a westward ice flux from Spitsbergen. Ice thickness reached >470 m a.s.l., and warm‐based conditions occurred periodically. Local deglaciation took place between 16 and 13 ka. At Mitrahalvøya, glacier ice draining the Krossfjorden basin reached >300 m a.s.l., and local deglaciation occurred at c. 13 ka. We propose the following succession of events for the last deglaciation. After the maximum glacier extent, ice streams in the cross‐shelf troughs and fjords retreated, tributary ice streams formed in Forlandsundet and Krossfjorden, and, finally, local ice caps were isolated over both Prins Karls Forland and Mitrahalvøya and their adjacent shelves. 相似文献
196.
Otto Wilckens 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1918,9(3-6):159-160
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
197.
198.
Otto Wilckens 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1920,10(4-8):156-157
199.
Otto Eugster Silvio Lorenzetti Urs Krhenbühl Kurt Marti 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2007,42(7-8):1351-1371
Abstract— We performed a comprehensive study of the He, Ne, and Ar isotopic abundances and of the chemical composition of bulk material and components of the H chondrites Dhajala, Bath, Cullison, Grove Mountains 98004, Nadiabondi, Ogi, and Zag, of the L chondrites Grassland, Northwest Africa 055, Pavlograd, and Ladder Creek, of the E chondrite Indarch, and of the C chondrites Hammadah al Hamra 288, Acfer 059, and Allende. We discuss a procedure and necessary assumptions for the partitioning of measured data into cosmogenic, radiogenic, implanted, and indigenous noble gas components. For stone meteorites, we derive a cosmogenic ratio 20Ne/22Ne of 0.80 ± 0.03 and a trapped solar 4He/3He ratio of 3310 ± 130 using our own and literature data. Chondrules and matrix from nine meteorites were analyzed. Data from Dhajala chondrules suggest that some of these may have experienced precompaction irradiation by cosmic rays. The other chondrules and matrix samples yield consistent cosmic‐ray exposure (CRE) ages within experimental errors. Some CRE ages of some of the investigated meteorites fall into clusters typically observed for the respective meteorite groups. Only Bath's CRE age falls on the 7 Ma double‐peak of H chondrites, while Ogi's fits the 22 Ma peak. The studied chondrules contain trapped 20Ne and 36Ar concentrations in the range of 10?6–10?9 cm3 STP/g. In most chondrules, trapped Ar is of type Q (ordinary chondritic Ar), which suggests that this component is indigenous to the chondrule precursor material. The history of the Cullison chondrite is special in several respects: large fractions of both CR‐produced 3He and of radiogenic 4He were lost during or after parent body breakup, in the latter case possibly by solar heating at small perihelion distances. Furthermore, one of the matrix samples contains constituents with a regolith history on the parent body before compaction. It also contains trapped Ne with a 20Ne/22Ne ratio of 15.5 ± 0.5, apparently fractionated solar Ne. 相似文献
200.