An analytical migration method for crustal wide angle reflections

Summary An analytical migration method is developed for inverting wide angle seismic reflection travel time data with proper migration. In this method the concept of effective velocity (V _eff ) in the vertically inhomogeneous earth has been used, which takes into account the refraction effect. It is shown that the migration process in this case becomes extremely rapid as curved ray paths are replaced by equivalent straight paths. A post migration sliding correction is found to be necessary, which arises due to the non-collinearity of the recording point, reflection point and the image point in the equivalent straight path geometry for dipping reflectors. Calculations for some representative dips show that, for the depths and recording ranges of interest in DSS, the vertical component of the sliding correction is negligible compared to the horizontal component. However, even the horizontal component is not significant for reflectors with gentle dips. The effect of certain simplifying assumptions in the estimation of V _eff is shown to be within the error limits of velocity determination. A computer programme package has been written for carrying out the migration. The method yields more accurate results in various theoretical and field cases than the conventional graphical wave front methods which are at present widely used for crustal reflection work.     

Computation of rays in an inhomogeneous transverselly isotropic medium with a non-vertical axis of symmetry

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Laboratory investigations on fault plane induced tensile cracks

Summary Tensile cracks induced by stress concentration around a fault plane in physical models under uniaxial load were analyzed. The results characterizing the decisive role of the fault plane inclination to the the stress direction are presented. Two stages of tensile crack life were determined, i.e. the first, seismoactive stage, accompanied by seismic energy release and the second aseismic one characterized by low velocity of crack propagation. Results obtained seem to be relevant to a better understanding of the character and regime of actual seismoactive faults.     

Anomalous behaviour of seismic waves at an interface between anisotropic media

Summary An account of possible anomalous effects in reflection and refraction of elastic waves at an interface between anisotropic media is presented. These effects are due to anisotropy and they cannot occur at an interface between isotropic media. The shape of the slowness surface (its local deviations from spherical symmetry) is the decisive factor for appearance of these effects. A numerical example of such anomalous behaviour of elastic waves at a free boundary of the crystal of spinel is presented.     

On the disappearance of the imf sector structure effect in the lower atmosphere in 1974–1977

1974–1977. aum n mun ma nu mau nam aum n, a¶rt;a anu aum amumu, m, m a¶rt;am u u am, nmu uam. ¶rt;am uuu nuu m uu.     

Periodicity in time series of wind direction data

Summary The existence of periods of 24 and 92 hours has been proved on the basis of the analysis of time series of hourly mean wind direction data measured at the meteorological station in Praha-Ruzyn in the period from January to June, 1978. Besides, the closest mutual interdiurnal dependence of wind direction data observed at the climatological observation hour, at 7 a.m., has been proved. A method applicable to analysing time series of wind direction data by means of a computer is described.     

Numerical solution of the two-dimensional inverse geomagnetic induction problem

Summary An effective numerical approach to the solution of the two-dimensional inverse geomagnetic induction problem using the linearization method is presented. The numerical realization of the inversion is based on Marquardt's algorithm, for which the solution of the direct problem and the partial derivatives of this solution with respect to the electrical parameters of the medium are computed by the finite difference method. Theoretical models are studied and numerical results are presented.     

Reliability of focal mechanism determination

Summary The fault plane solution determined by means of a computer algorithm, correlating the radiation pattern with the distribution of observations, was investigated from the point of view of its reliability. The maximum of the correlation function R corresponds to the optimum solution found by the computer. If the families of nodal lines fitting the decreased correlation function R —dR retain the character of the optimum solution even whendR increases, we assume that the solution has been determined with a sufficient accuracy.     

The second most disastrous windstorm of the nineteenth century in the Czech Lands, 26-27 October 1870

Theoretical and Applied Climatology - One of the most disastrous windstorms to take place over the Czech Lands occurred on the night of 26/27 October 1870. It is here analysed through the use of...     

Upper Famennian and Lower Tournaisian sections of the Moravian Karst (Moravo‐Silesian Zone,Czech Republic): a proposed key area for correlation of the conodont and foraminiferal zonations

Foraminiferal and conodont faunas at the Devonian–Carboniferous (D–C) boundary in the southern part of the Moravian Karst (Czech Republic) were studied in different facies of the basin slope. The joint presence of foraminifers and conodonts in calciturbidites along with a positive δ¹³C excursion of the Hangenberg anoxic event enabled the high‐resolution calibration of the late Famennian–early Tournaisian interval (Upper expansa–crenulata conodont zones). The conodont stratigraphic and biofacies succession reveals a strong correlation with other European areas. The Siphonodella sulcata morphotype (close to Group 1 sensu Kaiser and Corradini and “nov. gen. nov. sp. 1” sensu Tragelehn) enters prior to the Hangenberg Event, which resembles Upper and Uppermost Famennian conodont successions from Franconia, Bavaria and Morocco. The diversification of the early siphonodellids takes place after the Hangenberg Event and after the protognathodid radiation. In terms of foraminiferal biostratigraphy, the D–C boundary interval is characterized by the first appearance datum (FAD) of Tournayellina pseudobeata close below the D–C boundary followed by a sequence of Tournaisian bioevents, where apart from the last appearance datums (LADs) of quasiendothyrs, the FADs of the Neoseptaglomospiranella species and chernyshinellids play an important role in a similar manner as in Eastern Europe. The correlation of these bioevents elsewhere is often hindered by glacioeustatically‐driven unconformities and widespread occurrences of unfavourable facies for plurilocular foraminifers (Malevka beds and Bisphaera beds). Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.