用于县级规划管理的微机系统设计

论述了研制适于县级规划管理的微机系统的必要性，主要设计思想和关键技术，介绍了目前研制的成果。     

Wet tropospheric effects on precise relative GPS height determination

Summary Considerable interest has been generated recently in the use of the Global Positioning System (GPS) for precise height determination. A major error source in these measurements is the propagation delay due to atmospheric water vapour. In order to achieve the high precisions required for such applications as absolute sea-level monitoring improvement of wet delay modelling is necessary. Results from a GPS campaign show a significant correlation (0.91) between the variability of the wet delay measured using a water vapour radiometer (WVR) at the Onsala site and the absolute value of the residual error in the height determination of a 134 km baseline from Onsala to Jönköping. This correlation indicates that the atmosphericvariability as inferred from the WVR data includes information on the quality of the GPS height estimate. During periods of high atmospheric activity, e.g., during the passage of a weather front, the use of a six-parameter gradient model reduces the spread for the vertical coordinate from 40 mm to 20 mm (with standard deviations of 17 mm and 9 mm respectively) over the 134 km baseline (less than 1 × 10^–7) using 8 hour data spans on 11 different days over a six month period.     

Laser-based validation of GLONASS orbits by short-arc technique

 The International GLONASS Experiment (IGEX-98) was carried out between 19 October 1998 and 19 April 1999. Among several objectives was the precise orbit determination of GPS and GLONASS satellites and its validation by laser ranging observations. Local laser-based orbit corrections (radial, tangential and normal components in a rotating orbital local reference frame) are computed using a geometrical short-arc technique. The order of magnitude of these corrections is at the level of few decimeters, depending on the considered components. The orbit corrections are analyzed as a function of several parameters (date, orbital plane, geographical area). The mean corrections are at the level of several centimeters. However, when averaging over the entire campaign and for all the satellites, no mean radial, tangential and normal orbit corrections are found. The origin of the observed corrections is considered (errors due to the geocentric gravitational constant, the non-gravitational forces, the thermal equilibrium of on-board equipment, the reference systems, the location and the signature of the retroreflector array, and the precision of the satellite laser ranges). Some features are also due to errors in the radio-tracking GLONASS orbits. Further investigations will be needed to better understand the origin of various biases. Received: 17 February 2000 / Accepted: 31 January 2001     

Methodology of Environmental Standardization for Natural Waters

Doklady Earth Sciences - This paper discusses sources of significant errors that occur in the course of determination of the primary environmental standard for natural waters: the maximum...     

TERMO-LR Experiment on the Luna-27 Lander: Study of Thermophysical,Physicomechanical, and Electromagnetic Properties of the Lunar Soil

Solar System Research - The device is being developed for the TERMO-LR experiment on the Luna-27 lunar lander; it is intended for contact geophysical measurements of various properties of the lunar...     

Constructing a Stäckel Model of the Galaxy: Solving the Problem of Whether the Vertical Density Distribution Is Realistic

Astronomy Letters - Techniques for solving the problem of constructing a Stäckel model by generalizing the potential from the equatorial plane to the entire space are considered. The initial...     

Determination of H II Region Metallicity in the Context of Estimating the Primordial Helium Abundance

Astronomy Letters - The primordial $${}^{4}$$ He abundance (Y $${}_{p}$$ ) is one of the key characteristics of Primordial Nucleosynthesis processes that occurred in the first minutes after the Big...     

Determination of the Thermophysical Characteristics of the Lunar Soil Using Solar Heat

Solar System Research - The possibility of determining the thermophysical characteristics of the lunar soil by a penetrating probe when using solar heat as a heater is considered. The effectiveness...     

On the Question of Calculating the Parameters of Vortices in the Near-Surface Atmosphere of Mars

Solar System Research - The paper is dedicated to the study of dust vortices on the Earth and Mars. The hydrodynamic similarity of convective vortices is considered, and the similarity criteria are...     

Subpollen Particles as Atmospheric Cloud Condensation Nuclei

Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - Bioparticles constitute a significant fraction of atmospheric aerosol. Their size range varies from nanometers (macromolecules) to hundreds of...