日本南海海槽俯冲增生楔前缘的构造变形特征

对增生楔不同压力—温度条件下的构造变形、流体活动、沉积特征、岩石物性和化学组成等多方面的直接观测,可以帮助分析俯冲带地震的蕴育和发生的环境与机理。通过参加IODP的日本南海海槽发震带研究项目(NanTroSEIZE)第一阶段316航次所收集到的大量第一手数据和资料,分别在4个站位上(C0004,C0006,C0007,C0008)对日本南海海槽增生楔前缘岩芯尺度上的构造变形进行了详细分析,并且讨论了岩芯尺度上的构造变形与增生楔中大尺度的非序列分支逆冲断层和前缘逆冲断层的构造变形之间的关系。发现逆冲变形不是只在大尺度的逆冲断层面上进行,而是弥散分布在主逆冲断层面、次级逆冲断层面以及断层面之间的更小的尺度上。小尺度构造的倾向与大尺度断层的倾向有较好的一致性,表明它们是在相同的应力场下所形成的。在增生楔浅部高角度的正断层比较发育,显示张性应力场特征,同时所获得的岩芯尺度上的地层倾角较大并倾向与反射地震以及区域地质分析结果非常吻合,而在深部,特别是在大尺度逆冲断层发育带附近,各种类型的断层、滑移变形带、节理等非常普遍,同时层理与劈理的产状的复杂变化更多地受控于复杂的逆冲断层带的作用。     

Implementation of the European water framework directive from the Basque country (northern Spain): a methodological approach

The European Water Framework Directive provides a challenge in the development of new and accurate methodologies. It addresses assessment of Ecological Quality Status within European rivers, lakes, groundwaters, estuaries and coasts. Although this directive is simple and flexible in its concept, it is necessary to develop an approach based upon scientific knowledge; however, at the same time it should be as simple as possible, in order to achieve both requirements and comparability of results throughout European waters. This contribution presents the first methodological approach to the problem, as used for estuaries and coasts of the Basque Country (northern Spain), in: selecting typologies and reference conditions; determining biological quality and ecological status; and identifying some problems in implementing the WFD. As such, the present paper could serve as the basis for a discussion document for other regions and countries, throughout Europe.     

火山通道岩浆流动动力学模型在天池火山喷发过程中的应用

在圆柱形火山通道的下部,岩浆上升速度与岩浆粘度、密度及压力有关。这时的流体动力学过程可以应用一般的牛顿流体模型。火山通道中部气泡化岩浆上升时,液相和气相的转化符合质量守恒方程,混合相总体符合动量守恒方程。其中气泡形成与生长过程符合达西定律与数密度方程。在火山通道靠上部的碎屑化带里,不同组分符合质量守恒方程,混合相总体符合动量守恒方程。天池火山千年大喷发时,通道直径是62m。岩浆房内的岩浆含有约3%体积百分数的气泡,气泡体积在65%时岩浆破碎,颗粒离开通道时的速度是145ms~(-1),而气体离开通道时的速度是170ms~(-1)。气体颗粒分散相出口压力是12.2MPa。在破火山口塌陷之前,岩浆房内气泡体积可高达30%～40%。与此同时,碎屑化发生时岩浆的孔隙度也增加到70%～75%左右。这时的出口压力降低至7～8MPa,出口气体速度增加到180ms~(-1)。气象站碱流质寄生火山喷发对应的喷发通道直径是40m,喷发以气体出口速度15～25ms~(-1)的弱爆破性喷发和侵出式喷发为特征。这时浮岩的孔隙度比千年大喷发的孔隙度低,为48%～61%,而浮岩密度高,为1.01～1.35gcm~(-3)。在侵出相喷发时最高释放率可以达到42m~3s~(-1)(致密岩石当量 DRE),孔隙度变化范围是70%～80%。     

加州帕克菲尔德附近微震序列的破裂方向性

破裂扩展方向是影响地震引发地震动方式的重要因素。因此,表征促进潜在破裂扩展方向的因素是极其重要的。本文分析了加州帕克菲尔德附近圣安德烈斯断层上反复发生的地震序列的地震方向性。同一序列中的所有地震都有非常相似的波形并有重叠的地表破裂。我们说明,普通序列地震之间传递函数的微妙变化可以被认为是视破裂持续时间的改变。计算了所有可用台站的成对地震事件以及每个序列的相对视破裂持续时间。我们反演这些测量结果,得到了序列中各单一事件相对于参考事件的视破裂持续时间的估计值。视破裂持续时间随方位的变化证实了破裂方向性。我们说明,大多数所分析的微震显示为东南向破裂。我们还说明,在给定的重复序列中,大多数地震往往显示出相同的破裂方向。     

Triassic Epithermal Au and Porphyry Related Cu-Mo Mineralization of the Chatree Deposit, Central Thailand

Please refer to the attachment(s) for more details     

Tributyltin in blood of marine fish collected from a coastal area of northern Kyushu, Japan

We investigated levels of the pollutant tributyltin (TBT) in blood of pufferfishes (six species), Japanese sea perch, red sea bream, Japanese common goby, Japanese flounder, rockfish, conger eel, and sea mullet collected off the coast of northern Kyushu, Japan. We found considerable levels of TBT (1.4-190 ng/mL) accumulated in the blood of these fish. Blood TBT concentrations were 1.3-22.5 times liver concentrations and 4.9-78 times muscle concentrations, except in conger eel and mullet. We detected TBT (16-111 ng/mL-blood) in the plasma of the fine-patterned puffer (Takifugupoecilonotus) year-round, without any apparent seasonal trend. These results suggest that fish inhabiting coastal areas of Kyushu, Japan, continue to be contaminated with TBT.     

Occurrence of the toxic dinoflagellate Ostreopsis cf. ovata in relation with environmental factors in Monaco (NW Mediterranean)

To study environment characteristics favoring the toxic benthic dinoflagellate Ostreopsis cf. ovata, a survey was conducted in Monaco (NW Mediterranean Sea), in summers 2007 and 2008. Epiphytic and planktonic blooms occurred almost simultaneously and a high variation of abundances at low spatial scales was observed. An early and very marked bloom occurred in 2007, compared to a later and less abundant development in 2008. These distinct patterns in bloom timing corresponded with very different hydroclimatic scenarios in 2007 (hot spring and relatively cold summer) and 2008 (standard year compared to the median year profile estimated with data from 1995 to 2008). No clear impacts of summer seawater temperature, rainfall or nutrient concentrations were evident. Strong wind may favor the dispersal of benthic and planktonic cells. Our study suggests that further investigations are needed to examine the potential role of Ostreopsis nutritional mode (i.e. autotrophy vs. mixotrophy).     

Anthropogenic metal contamination and sapropel imprints in deep Mediterranean sediments

Sediment cores from the deep Balearic basin and the Cretan Sea provide evidence for the accumulation of Cd, Pd and Zn in the top few centimeters of the abyssal Mediterranean sea-bottom. In both cores, 206Pb/207Pb profiles confirm this anthropogenic impact with less radiogenic imprints toward surface sediments. The similarity between excess 210Pb accumulated in the top core and the 210Pb flux suggests that top core metal inventories reasonably reflect long-term atmospheric deposition to the open Mediterranean. Pb inventory in the western core for the past 100 years represents 20-30% of sediment coastal inventories, suggesting that long-term atmospheric deposition determined from coastal areas has to be used cautiously for mass balance calculations in the open Mediterranean. In the deeper section of both cores, Al normalized trace metal profiles suggest diagenetic remobilization of Fe, Mn, Cu and, to a lesser extent, Pb that likely corresponds to sapropel event S1.     

Levels and spatial distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments from Lenga Estuary, central Chile

The Lenga Estuary is a small brackish wetland located southwest of San Vicente Bay, Region VIII, Chile. Surface sediment from nine sites in the estuary were analysed for PAHs and compared to Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQG). Sediment samples were freeze dried and soxhlet extracted for 16 h using DCM. Identification and quantification was carried out by HPLC. Organic carbon was also determined. Results showed total PAH concentrations ranged from 290 to 6118 (2025 ± 1975) ng g⁻¹ d.w. (2025 ± 1975). Results for organic carbon percentages ranged from 1% to 7%. Statistical analysis showed a significant positive correlation (Pearson test) between organic carbon percentage PAHs. Comparison of contaminant levels and international Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQG) (ERL and ER) suggested that sediment of the Lenga estuary did not show any ecotoxicologial risk for benthic organisms where high levels of PAHs were detected. Monitoring of this and other contaminants is recommended in Chile.     

板块构造与地幔流的动力学：从局部尺度到全球尺度

板块构造受控于集中在板块边界的推动力和阻力,然而由观测资料所约束的高精度全球地幔流模型仍面临着计算上的挑战。我们利用最新的自适应网格细化算法,将板块边界的分辨尺度下降到1km,通过分析相接板块的运动,在并行计算机上模拟全球地幔流。在上地幔中,当消减板块向下俯冲时,往往会产生弧后扩张和板片回退现象。下地幔中冷的热异常通过狭窄的高粘性的板块与洋壳相耦合,导致洋壳运动速度的下降。在海沟区域,弯曲岩石层内的粘性耗散占整个岩石层和地幔总耗散的5％至20％。