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Mauro Lo Cascio Yan Liang Nobumichi Shimizu Paul C. Hess 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2008,156(1):87-102
The grain-scale processes of peridotite melting were examined at 1,340°C and 1.5 GPa using reaction couples formed by juxtaposing
pre-synthesized clinopyroxenite against pre-synthesized orthopyroxenite or harzburgite in graphite and platinum-lined molybdenum
capsules. Reaction between the clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene-rich aggregates produces a melt-enriched, orthopyroxene-free,
olivine + clinopyroxene reactive boundary layer. Major and trace element abundance in clinopyroxene vary systematically across
the reactive boundary layer with compositional trends similar to the published clinopyroxene core-to-rim compositional variations
in the bulk lherzolite partial melting studies conducted at similar P–T conditions. The growth of the reactive boundary layer takes place at the expense of the orthopyroxenite or harzburgite and
is consistent with grain-scale processes that involve dissolution, precipitation, reprecipitation, and diffusive exchange
between the interstitial melt and surrounding crystals. An important consequence of dissolution–reprecipitation during crystal-melt
interaction is the dramatic decrease in diffusive reequilibration time between coexisting minerals and melt. This effect is
especially important for high charged, slow diffusing cations during peridotite melting and melt-rock reaction. Apparent clinopyroxene-melt
partition coefficients for REE, Sr, Y, Ti, and Zr, measured from reprecipitated clinopyroxene and coexisting melt in the reactive
boundary layer, approach their equilibrium values reported in the literature. Disequilibrium melting models based on volume
diffusion in solid limited mechanism are likely to significantly underestimate the rates at which major and trace elements
in residual minerals reequilibrate with their surrounding melt.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
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The passivation of calcite by acid mine water. Column experiments with ferric sulfate and ferric chloride solutions at pH 2 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
Josep M. Soler Marco Boi Jos Luis Mogolln Jordi Cama Carlos Ayora Peter S. Nico Nobumichi Tamura Martin Kunz 《Applied Geochemistry》2008,23(12):3579-3588
Column experiments, simulating the behavior of passive treatment systems for acid mine drainage, have been performed. Acid solutions (HCl or H2SO4, pH 2), with initial concentrations of Fe(III) ranging from 250 to 1500 mg L−1, were injected into column reactors packed with calcite grains at a constant flow rate. The composition of the solutions was monitored during the experiments. At the end of the experiments (passivation of the columns), the composition and structure of the solids were measured. The dissolution of calcite in the columns caused an increase in pH and the release of Ca into the solution, leading to the precipitation of gypsum and Fe–oxyhydroxysulfates (Fe(III)–SO4–H+ solutions) or Fe–oxyhydroxychlorides (Fe(III)–Cl–H+ solutions). The columns worked as an efficient barrier for some time, increasing the pH of the circulating solutions from 2 to 6–7 and removing its metal content. However, after some time (several weeks, depending on the conditions), the columns became chemically inert. The results showed that passivation time increased with decreasing anion and metal content of the solutions. Gypsum was the phase responsible for the passivation of calcite in the experiments with Fe(III)–SO4–H+ solutions. Schwertmannite and goethite appeared as the Fe(III) secondary phases in those experiments. Akaganeite was the phase responsible for the passivation of the system in the experiments with Fe(III)–Cl–H+ solutions. 相似文献
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Etsuo Yamamura 《GeoJournal》1996,38(3):345-348
At 8:06, Friday, 15 January 1993, when most residents in Kushiro Bay Area were at home having just finished dinner on the Coming of Age Holiday. An earthquake of 7.8 magnitude reached its maximum intensity. This earthquake was centered about 20 km South of Kushiro at a depth of 103 km. It had disastrous effects on the highly developed modern urban district in the Kushiro Bay Area. This earthquake is of special interest seismologically because it was triggered by the activity of a segment of the main. The study of this earthquake is of crucial importance for researchers who work on urban seismic risk evaluation, lifeline earthquake engineering and countermeasure against soil liquefaction. Accordingly, this report focuses on the damage of land hazards to civil engineering structures including lifeline facilities. Regarding the lifeline system, not only structural damage of the components but also functional damage of the entire systems are of importance. 相似文献
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The common problems on tourism of developing countries have often been researched by west researchers until now, which can
be concluded into special words: “two sectors”, “enclave construction”, “government’s interference”, “developing scale”, and
“the industrial role of tourism” etc. In fact all the researches were done from the areas with the patronage of foreign visitors,
how is the situation of domestic tourism was ignored in some points. In this paper, another developing model compared with
the one with foreign visitors was presented to the readers on the case studies of countryside spas in China. Through this
research, one aspect of Chinese real leisure life can be understood to some extent, and the implying that for bigger developing
countries the domestic tourism can match the effect of international tourism should not be ignored at least to China. As the
developing of economy, domestic tourism will finally unite with international one together, and the common problems will disappear
step by step, therefore domestic tourism and international tourism of developing countries should be researched equally since
now.
Biography: WANG Yan-ping (1962–), male, a native of Heilongjiang Province, is a doctorate student of Chiba University of Japan.
His research insterest is environmental impact assessment. 相似文献
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Nobumichi Shimizu 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1974,38(12):1789-1798
The partition coefficients of K, Rb, Cs, Sr and Ba between clinopyroxene and liquid were experimentally determined in the system diopside-albite-anorthite-water at 15–30 kb and 1100–1200°C. Clinopyroxene and liquid (glass) were separated by a new technique (differential dissolution technique—DDT) and analyzed by isotope dilution. The partition coefficients lie in the range 0.054–0.081 for Sr, 0.0014–0.0026 for K, 0.00078–0.0023 for Ba, 0.0010–0.0041 for Rb, 0.00035–0.0036 for Cs. Variations of the partition coefficients with pressure, temperature and composition of the phases are relatively small, though no systematic study of these parameters was attempted. 相似文献
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Diets of Steller sea lions off the coast of Hokkaido,Japan: An inter‐decadal and geographic comparison 下载免费PDF全文
Yoko Goto Akihiko Wada Noboru Hoshino Takahiro Takashima Masaki Mitsuhashi Kaoru Hattori Orio Yamamura 《Marine Ecology》2017,38(6)
Inter‐decadal and geographic variations in the diets of Steller sea lion, Eumetopias jubatus, were examined based on the contents of 408 stomachs collected from coastal areas around Hokkaido Island during the periods 1994–1998 and 2005–2012. The most important prey species in the 1990s were gadid fishes (walleye pollock [Gadus chalcogrammus], Pacific cod [Gadus microcephalus] and saffron cod [Eleginus gracilis]). The frequency of occurrence and gravimetric contribution of gadids decreased in the 2000s latter period at three study sites (Rausu, Shakotan and Rebun) and were replaced by Okhotsk Atka mackerel (Pleurogrammus azonus) and smooth lumpsucker (Aptocyclus ventricosus). However, analysis based on gravimetric composition indicated that the dietary diversity of prey showed only a slight inter‐decadal difference, reflecting the wide diversity of prey ingested during both study periods. These results indicate that Steller sea lions along the Hokkaido coast are opportunistic feeders that utilize a wide variety of prey, and appear to feed mainly upon prey that is easily obtained. 相似文献
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J. Cami T. De Jong K. Justtannont I. Yamamura L.B.F.M. Waters 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1997,255(1-2):339-340
We present the spectra of 5 OH/IR stars observed with the Short Wavelength Spectrometer (SWS) on board the Infrared Space
Observatory (ISO). The spectra are dominated by dust features, both in the amorphous and crystalline state and illustrate
the influence of the mass loss rate on the observed spectral features.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献