A MATLAB-based Kriged Kalman Filter software for interpolating missing data in GNSS coordinate time series

GNSS coordinate time series data for permanent reference stations often suffer from random, or even continuous, missing data. Missing data interpolation is necessary due to the fact that some data processing methods require evenly spaced data. Traditional missing data interpolation methods usually use single point time series, without considering spatial correlations between points. We present a MATLAB software for dynamic spatiotemporal interpolation of GNSS missing data based on the Kriged Kalman Filter model. With the graphical user interface, users can load source GNSS data, set parameters, view the interpolated series and save the final results. The SCIGN GPS data indicate that the software is an effective tool for GNSS coordinate time series missing data interpolation.     

基于Sentinel-1和DEM数据的南岭高植被覆盖区地形线性特征提取方法

在南岭高海拔山脉、植被茂密等地区开展地质调查难度大,人员和物资难以进入,因此需提前根据该区域的地形线性特征合理设计野外调查路线;此外地形线性特征可为区域构造运动信息的认知提供辅助知识.遥感技术以其宏观性、多尺度、多层次的特点成为地质研究和地质勘查的重要手段,然而在高植被覆盖区,常见的光学影像难以穿透植被,而微波雷达遥感则因为较好的植被穿透性,使得其应用成为可能.因此,提出了一种基于雷达卫星Sentinel-1和数字高程模型（digital elevation model,DEM）数据的地形线性特征提取方法.该方法首先利用似然比边缘检测算法提取Sentinel-1影像中的边缘特征,然后对DEM进行线性特征增强以生成山体阴影影像,再利用Canny边缘检测算子提取DEM数据中的山脊线与山谷线等主要线性特征,以DEM提取出的特征线为中心建立缓冲区并与雷达影像的提取结果做相交处理,将得到的线性特征利用道格拉斯-普克算法进行局部直线拟合,最后得到研究区的地形线性特征.结果表明,该方法综合考虑了雷达影像的微观细节信息和DEM数据的宏观趋势信息,在保留主要线性地形特征的同时剔除了伪边缘和噪声点,提取效果较好.      

Variations of methane stable isotopic values from an Alpine peatland on the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Acta Geochimica - Isotopic signature is a powerful tool to discriminate methane (CH4) source types and constrain regional and global scale CH4 budgets. Peatlands on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau are...     

Correction: Hydraulic tomography analysis of municipal-well operation data with geology-based groundwater models

Hydrogeology Journal - A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-021-02351-x     

近40年来青藏高原典型高寒草原和湿地蒸散发变化的对比分析

青藏高原地表蒸散发是决定亚洲水塔水储量变化的关键要素.在快速升温背景下,长时间尺度的青藏高原地表蒸散发如何响应气候变化亟需深入探讨.以青藏高原两种典型高寒生态系统(草原和湿地)为研究对象,以野外观测和互补蒸散发模型为研究手段,利用常规气象资料驱动互补蒸散发模型,应用于青藏高原的典型资料稀缺地区,并就模拟结果进行验证评估,揭示了两种典型高寒生态系统近40年的蒸散发变化特征.结果 表明,校正参数后的非线性互补蒸散发模型可较为准确地模拟两种下垫面的蒸散发,亦即该模型在青藏高原资料稀缺区具有较好的应用潜力.1973-2013年,青藏高原典型高寒草原蒸散发呈不显著的增大趋势,而高寒湿地则以2.0 mm/a的速率显著增大.相关分析表明,高寒草原和湿地蒸散发的年际变化主要与水汽压(即空气湿度)有关.阶段性分析发现,1970s至1990s末期,两种生态系统蒸散发皆在波动中逐渐增大;而1997年以后,高寒草原和高寒湿地蒸散发的变化模式表现出明显差异:前者在波动中逐渐减小,后者则持续增大至2000s中期.造成这种差异的原因可归结为高寒湿地受冰川融水的影响,土壤含水量可维持在较高的水平,加之2000s高寒湿地的水汽压和日照时数增大,使得该时段内地表蒸散发仍呈增大之势,亦即上游的冰川融水对下游的湿地蒸散发有重要影响.结果 表明,空间距离较近的两种典型高寒生态系统,由于所受水源补给不同,局地蒸散发对气候变化的响应模式可能有较大差异.     

Integration of zircon and apatite U–Pb geochronology and geochemical mapping of the Wude basalts(Emeishan large igneous province):A tool for a better understanding of the tectonothermal and geodynamic evolution of the Emeishan LIP

Radiogenic isotopic dating and Lu–Hf isotopic composition using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry(LA-ICP-MS)of the Wude basalt in Yunnan province from the Emeishan large igneous province(ELIP)yielded timing of formation and post-eruption tectonothermal event.Holistic lithogeochemistry and elements mapping of basaltic rocks were further reevaluated to provide insights into crustal contamination and formation of the ELIP.A zircon U–Pb age of 251.3±2.0 Ma of the Wude basalt recorded the youngest volcanic eruption event and was consistent with the age span of 251-263 Ma for the emplacement of the ELIP.Such zircons hadε_Hf(t)values ranging from7.3 to+2.2,identical to those of magmatic zircons from the intrusive rocks of the ELIP,suggesting that crust-mantle interaction occurred during magmatic emplacement,or crust-mantle mixing existed in the deep source region prior to deep melting.The apatite U–Pb age at 53.6±3.4 Ma recorded an early Eocene magmatic superimposition of a regional tectonothermal event,corresponding to the Indian–Eurasian plate collision.Negative Nb,Ta,Ti and P anomalies of the Emeishan basalt may reflect crustal contamination.The uneven Nb/La and Th/Ta values distribution throughout the ELIP supported a mantle plume model origin.Therefore,the ELIP was formed as a result of a mantle plume which was later superimposed by a regional tectonothermal event attributed to the Indian–Eurasian plate collision during early Eocene.     

Accelerating consolidation of soft ground by aerosol injection technique: a field study

We present an aerosol injection technique (AIT) to accelerate the consolidation of soft soils for ground improvement. We employ high-pressure aerosol injections at different depths to enhance the drainage in soft soils for faster consolidation. The technique is briefly described. A well-instrumented field test is carried out to demonstrate its performance. Compared to the traditional methods, our approach gives rise to faster dissipation of excess pore pressure and larger ground settlement. This method is particularly attractive for the improvement in soft ground in medium depths.

     

生态地质研究进展与展望

生态地质学是研究生态系统与地质环境之间关系的一门交叉学科,对国土空间生态保护修复工作有重要理论支撑作用。我国生态地质研究工作虽然经过了多年的发展与积淀,但时至今日生态地质学仍然处于研究和探索阶段。鉴于此,基于前人的大量研究,总结了国内外生态地质研究进展: 国际上,俄罗斯建立了生态地质学研究体系,美国发起的地球关键带研究是与生态地质研究十分契合的主题; 在国内,生态地质研究主要着眼于”生态-地质”相互作用过程与机理以及地质环境影响下的系统性生态修复研究。在此基础上,提出了生态地质学涵义及其研究内容、方法技术创新及学科体系构建思路,以期为服务山水林田湖草沙整体保护、系统修复、综合治理和生态地质系统深化研究提供借鉴。     

基于循环神经网络的单站能见度短临预报试验

由于能见度具有局地性和复杂的非线性变化特征,一直是精细化预报的难点。人工神经网络对复杂变化过程的模拟能力较高,为解决这一难题提供了可能性。本文采用循环神经网络,利用福州气象观测站地面观测数据,建立了福州单站能见度短临预报模型,并就预报能力进行了评估。随机检验结果表明,在1 h、3 h、6 h时效上,循环神经网络的预报与观测的变化趋势一致性较好;均方根误差比基于实况的预报分别减小15.75%、31.66%、41.26%,说明具备较好的预报能力;平均绝对值误差比传统BP神经网络分别减小12.90%、24.45%、 38.99%,表明循环神经网络对能见度预报具有优势,为能见度的精细化短临预报提供了新途径。     

隔板贯通式梁柱节点抗震性能试验研究

设计了低周反复荷载作用下3个十字形足尺隔板贯通式梁柱节点试件(其中2个节点的柱子浇筑了混凝土,1个为空钢管)的拟静力试验。通过研究拟静力试验所得的滞回曲线求得该节点的等效阻尼比,衡量它的耗能能力。从恢复力特性曲线得到了和一次加载相接近的骨架曲线,节点的初始刚度和刚度退化等参数。通过这些从强度、变形和能量等三方面判别和鉴定隔板贯通式梁柱节点的抗震性能,并得出了一些具有参考价值的结论。