多沙河流河口泥沙淤积自生性过程试验研究

多沙河流河口输沙不平衡带来的淤积演变过程,动态调整着上游河道控制基面,影响通航和防洪安全等。开展水槽试验,控制上游水沙条件和下游水位不变,研究河口三角洲自生性过程的形成机理、波动性和趋势性演变特征。试验中观测到淤积朵体迁移、溯源冲淤和河道摆动等自生性调整现象,其中朵体发育和迁移起控制作用。研究结果表明:自生性过程具有内在临界性,不同水沙条件下淤积朵体临界尺度不同,相应的水位波动周期、溯源波能量、水位涨落规律和三角洲形态亦有所差异。结合试验成果探讨了自生性过程形成的内在动力、临界性及其与三角洲形态的内在联系。     

Geological and geochemical characteristics of the Baimazhai Ni-Cu-（PGE） sulphide deposit in Yunnan, China

The sulphide ores of the Baimazhai deposit, although typically orthomagmatic, locally exhibit peculiar textural features and are intimately associated with hydrothermal minerals, such as biotite, amphibole and chlorite. This association suggests that the magmatic sulphide ores were subjected to hydrothermal alteration and subsequent redistribution, resulting in the observed textural features. Geochemically, the Baimazhai sulphide ores are enriched in Cu, Pd and Au, which,according to previous studies, reflects the action of hydrothermal fluids. Interestingly, Ar-Ar dating yielded the plateau ages of about 160–170 Ma, which are at odds with the established Permian age of the Emeishan large igneous province. We interpreted these younger ages as due to thermal resetting during post-Permian tectonothermal events. We have proposed a model in which tectonic movements and hydrothermal fluids related to these events modified the pre-existing magmatic sulphides. Given the degree of overprint, we suggested two possible scenarios: 1) the sulphide disseminations that surround the massive magmatic ores are the result of deformation and hydrothermal alteration; and 2) there were both magmatic massive and disseminated sulphides, in which case the scale and relocation of remobilization would have been smaller, but still detectable.     

我国勘查地球物理的若干进展──1993年

1993年,我国金属矿地球物理工作继续缩减。航空物探工作量仅及1988年的1/3.油气地球物理工作持续增长,其中陆上三维地震年工作量已超过9000km².水文、工程、环境地球物理市场保持兴旺,推动了有关技术的发展,众多单位不断推出新型号的多功能浅层地震仪式工程检测仪。较少受经费制约的室内计算机处理、解释、模拟、显示方法及软件研究,以及某些理论研究保持前进势头,又有一些引人注意的成果。承担国际市场项目有所增多,但总规模仍然很小。     

用36Cl研究灰岩侵蚀速率的理论与方法

从理论上研究了方解石中^36Cl 的5种起源：（1）近地表Ca散裂和散裂成因的中子捕获；（2）由Ca产生的负μ介子捕获；（3）负μ介子捕获以后的中子发射；（4）由快μ介子引起的光致蜕变反应产生的中子；（5）由U裂变和（α，n）反应产生的中子。论述^36Cl在灰岩深度剖面上的4个分布特征；（1）^36Cl浓度随深度增加而减少；（2）深度能够自然地区分由不同生成反应形成的^36lμl贡献；（3）为了把测量的N(Ca)/N(Cl)比值的范围；（4）甚至在最干旱条件下，灰岩的浸蚀也是不可避免的，并且在稳定状态下起重要 作用。详细概述了^36Cl的采样方法和AMS分析技术，研究了测定灰岩侵蚀速率的数学模型，并且对一些灰岩表面侵蚀速率作了评价。     

湖北清江榨洞石笋中可溶硅的测定及其古气候意义研究

洞穴石笋蕴含着丰富的古气候信息，其正确解译有赖于各类古气候替代指标的开发，应用改进的硅钼兰分光光度法测定湖北清江榨洞石笋中痕量可溶硅，探讨其古气候指示意义。结果表明，石笋中可溶硅含量记录了岩溶地下水的硅酸组成，后进反映了气候控制下土壤的化学风化作用。因而，石笋可溶硅是一个潜在的古气候（特别是古湿度）替代指标。     

层状土中群桩非线性沉降的摄动分析

采用包含一个内变量的连续化St Venant模型,即连续的Masing-Iwan模型,模拟桩-土界面扰动区土体的非线性行为。基于两种分析单桩的荷载传递模型,假设桩-土-桩相互作用为弹性且服从叠加原理,推导出了适用于群桩中基桩的两种荷载传递新模型。采用荷载传递法建立了单桩和群桩的非线性控制方程,提出了近似求解该控制方程的摄动分析法,得出了单桩和群桩的荷载沉降和轴力分布方程。所得结果表明,在低荷载水平下严格趋近于弹性解;而在高荷载水平下,能够反映直到破坏阶段的桩的荷载-沉降特性。通过一个现场试验的理论预测结果与实测数据的对比分析,验证了方法的有效性和适用性。     

Research Progress of Relative Humidity and Its Changing Annual Cycle

Studies on the characteristics of relative humidity annual cycle change include the frequency, phase, and amplitude of the time series and their changes. The effective diagnosis of the relative humidity annual cycle can provide important help in the monitoring and regulation of seasonal haze, the spatial distribution of epidemic outbreaks and their prevention and control, and the real-time forecasting and decision-making of monsoon precipitation. Different from studies on the trend of the relative humidity, the diagnosis in the annual cycle is scarce. This paper summarized the research status of relative humidity and its annual cycle, introduced several current methods for extracting common signals, and evaluated the feasibility of these methods for extracting annual cycle signals. Due to the time-varying characteristics of the annual cycle of relative humidity and complex structures such as asymmetric triangular waves, square-like waves, and state transients, harmonic-based extraction methods are difficult to succeed. The nonlinear signal extraction method with high noise immunity will solve this problem. At present, the relative humidity annual cycle studies urgently need to be improved and improve the quality of relative humidity observation data, accurately extract and quantify the time-varying characteristics and complex structure of the annual cycle. Moreover, combining the dynamic process and statistical analysis, we also need to study the physical mechanism of the change of relative humidity annual cycle (frequency, phase, amplitude, etc.) in China.     

南海珠江口盆地流花地区珠江组碳酸盐岩埋藏酸性流体溶蚀机理初探

以流花地区珠江组碳酸盐岩储集层抽提物GC、GC/MS分析为基础,结合区域构造运动史、地层水动力特征等,分析了该区埋藏酸性流体的成因与来源,探讨了"白垩状"灰岩的形成以及该区的埋藏酸性流体溶蚀模式。研究认为,埋藏酸性流体主要来自惠州凹陷文昌组烃源岩热演化成因有机酸,原油生物降解成因有机酸,岩浆活动生成的CO2等酸性流体。"白垩状"灰岩是在活跃油田底水环境下,主要由有机酸性流体长期溶蚀、浸泡和淘洗作用的结果。埋藏酸性流体以东沙构造运动形成的深大断裂及伴生的复杂裂缝网络为运移通道和物质交换空间,在流花低势汇流的强水动力条件下,与碳酸盐岩发生强烈的酸—岩反应,造成地层溶蚀垮塌,形成了现今流花地区灰岩坑的分布面貌。研究还排除了该区灰岩坑大气淡水溶蚀作用和白云岩化溶蚀作用成因的可能性。     

江河堤坝垂直防渗高压喷射灌浆技术

１９９８年洪水过后,堤坝防渗工程量急剧增加,与此有关的各种技术方法大量应用。高压旋喷注浆是其中的技术方法之一。简述了目前国内用于堤坝防渗处理的各种技术方法的应用效果和不足,重点阐述了高压旋喷注浆技术在堤坝的渗加固中的应用情况、适用范围、防渗机理,技术参数、施工技术及质量检查方法等问题。