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91.
A geochemical survey of trace elements in agricultural and non-agricultural topsoil in Dexing area,China 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
In China, soil pollution is very serious, which has jeopardized the ecology, food safety, the people's health, and even the sustainable development of agriculture. In order to investigate the soil pollution situation, a total of 874 agricultural and non-agricultural topsoil samples were collected from Dexing area, northeast of Jiangxi Province, China. The total elemental concentrations of 17 elements (As, Hg, Mo, Cd, Cr, Zn, Cu, Mn, Ti, Pb, Fe, Ca, K, Si, Al, Mg, and Na) were determined. The geochemical background and threshold was predicted with the method of the median ± median absolute deviation (MAD). The agricultural soil median concentration of trace elements was similar to that of the non-agricultural soil. In contrast to Jiangxi soil background of trace elements, the geochemical background of the study area was obviously higher. The maps of the pollution indices for As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Mo, Pb, Ti and Zn of non-agricultural soil and agricultural soils in the study area, showed that the highest level of pollution is distributed near and along the Lean River, especially in the neighboring and surrounding Dexing and Leping mining area. 相似文献
92.
Recent catastrophic debris flows in Luding county, SW China: geological hazards, rainfall analysis and dynamic characteristics 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
About 127 debris flow gullies have been identified, and debris flows have been an important type of geological hazards in
Luding County, affecting cities, towns, rural areas, scenic spots and human’s engineering projects, such as mining and waterpower
utilizing equipments. In this summary paper, recent two catastrophic debris flow events occurred on June 30, 2005, in Chuni
town, in the central of the county, and on August 11, 2005, in Hailuogou scenic spot, in the southwest of the county, respectively,
are reviewed. The debris flow events are introduced on the basis of field investigation and RS interpretation and the triggering
factors for flow occurrence are identified. Furthermore, the rainfall related to flow occurrence including antecedent rainfall
and intraday rainfall is analyzed, and a power-law function which can be used as a basic warning line is established based
on both antecedent effective rainfall and intraday rainfall. Then dynamic parameters such as flow velocity and flow discharge
are calculated, respectively. Through comparison and discussion, some conclusions are made including (1) The antecedent rainfall
played an important role for debris flows which generated predominately based on the slope-instability due to the saturated
loose sediments; (2) Despite slower flow velocity and smaller magnitude, the slope-type debris flows just like 2005-6-30 debris
flows usually lead to serious damages for the difficulty to forecast and to prevent; (3) The mistaken recognition on debris
flow hazards and lack of prevention consciousness strengthen the hazard and damage degree. This research is of certain significance
for the prevention and mitigation of debris flow hazards and for the planning of the town building and tourism development
in the future. 相似文献
93.
Petrogenesis and tectonic implications of Late Jurassic shoshonitic lamprophyre dikes from the Liaodong Peninsula, NE China 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
This paper presents detailed mineral chemical, element geochemical and Sr–Nd–Hf isotopic data for the Late Jurassic (155?±?4 Ma) lamprophyre dikes in the Liaodong Peninsula, NE China. The lamprophyres are shoshonitic and geochemically fall into three groups: Group I has relatively high SiO2 (52.5–57.0 wt.%), low MgO (5.5–8.3 wt.%) and compatible trace element (e.g. Cr?=?128–470 ppm) contents, high initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7093–0.7117), and low εNd (T) values (?9.6 to ?12.1); Group II has relatively low SiO2 (44.8–50.0 wt.%), high MgO (10.8–14.2 wt.%) and compatible trace element (e.g. Cr?=?456–1,041 ppm) contents, low initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7073–0.7087), and high εNd (T) values (?1.4 to ?2.9); Group III is transitional between the two in all elemental and isotopic compositions. Interpretation of the elemental and isotopic data suggests that the lamprophyric melts were derived by partial melting of subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) at a depth of 60–80 km (group I), decompression melting of upwelling asthenosphere at 60–100 km (group II), and mixing between the SCLM-derived and asthenosphere-derived melts (group III). It is assumed that the local SCLM was detached at a depth of 60–80 km by the 155 Ma ago. A continental arc-rifting related to the Palaeo-Pacific plate subduction is favored as a geodynamic force for such a cratonic lithosphere detachment. 相似文献
94.
以能源产区陕西省榆林市的12个区县为研究单元,在Geo Da和Arc GIS等软件的支持下,结合趋势分析和空间统计方法,分析2005—2010年榆林县域尺度下的能源消费碳排放强度的空间格局特征与空间分异机制。榆林各区县能源消费碳排放强度水平差异明显,总体差异呈扩大趋势,两极分化加剧。县域碳排放强度南北走向上表现出逐渐减小趋势,东西走向上具有微弱的"U"型变化态势。总体上,东北部区县碳排放强度高于西南部。各区县碳排放强度具有正的空间关联分布特征,且处于低水平非均衡空间分布状态,空间依赖性明显。结合相关性分析,榆林区县碳排放强度具有极化区、扩散区、塌陷区和传染区4个特征。"热点"主要分布在东北部三县,"冷点"主要分布于南部六县。能源资源分布不均、经济总量以及产业结构差异是造成榆林碳排放强度空间分布不均的主要原因。 相似文献
95.
????GRACE??????????????????????????????????????仯??????????????о??伾????????仯??????????????????仯?????????ж??????????????????????????????仯???????????????δ?????????仯???????о???????????GRACE????????????????????????????仯??????????????cm????Ч???仯?? 相似文献
96.
通过微量元素和稀土元素地球化学分析,对长江三峡地区陡山沱组层型剖面--田家园子剖面成冰系南沱组顶部和埃迪卡拉系陡山沱组下部102个岩石样品进行了地球化学研究。重点分析了氧化还原敏感元素(Zn,Co,U,Mo,Ni,V)的富集特征,并探讨其可能成因机制以及三峡地区成冰纪-埃迪卡拉纪转换时期的水体特征。结果表明:在南沱组顶部仅Zn和Co富集;在盖帽白云岩下部,氧化还原敏感元素均富集,而在盖帽白云岩上部,除Zn和V外,其他氧化还原敏感元素均亏损;在陡山沱组Ⅱ段下部,氧化还原敏感元素由最初的亏损,逐渐变为较稳定的富集。在陡山沱组下部,出现2次明显的富集峰值,分别出现在剖面的0.4m处(盖帽白云岩中间)和6.5m处(陡山沱组Ⅱ段下部)。整个剖面大部分样品具有Eu的轻微正异常(Eu/Eu*<1.6), 而在剖面0.4m和6.5m处,Eu具有明显的正异常,结合稀土配分类型、Y/Ho值、La异常、Ce异常等指标,推测这2次异常均可能受到深海热液流的影响,而缺氧海水的上涌造成水体缺氧,导致这些元素出现富集峰值。U/Th、V/(V+Ni)以及稀土元素指标综合指示,三峡地区南沱组顶部冰碛岩应为氧化环境下的沉积物;随着冰川消融,冰融淡水注入古海洋,陡山沱组盖帽碳酸盐的沉积受冰融淡水的影响,深部缺氧海水的上涌使沉积水体经历氧化-缺氧-氧化的转变,海水的分层性较强;而陡山沱组Ⅱ段下部沉积环境以分层性较弱的弱氧化环境为主。 相似文献
97.
红层“哑地层”划分对比方法——以东营凹陷南坡始新统为例 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
针对红层划分对比所面临的难题,在充分吸收前人研究成果的基础上,将现有的多种分层方法相互整合,彼此约束和印证,形成了一套科学、便捷的技术方法,即"接触关系明顶底、岩电特征找界面、多元融合定方案、地震约束建格架"的综合地层划分对比技术。该方法针对红层的特殊性,根据岩电特征对干旱气候的响应变化,充分利用了测、录井资料纵向上的连续性优势(避免了取样分析的局限),以及地震资料横向上的优势,有效地解决了红层纵向划分、横向对比的难题,在济阳坳陷东营凹陷南坡始新统沙河街组、孔店组的应用取得了良好效果。该方法可为其它地区同类复杂地层划分对比提供技术支持。 相似文献
98.
叠覆式三角洲——一种特殊的浅水三角洲 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
不同于常规三角洲以分流河道体系所形成的分流河道、河口坝、席状砂等微相为三角洲朵体的基本单元,叠覆式三角洲以内部结构简单的朵体为基本构成单元,朵体相互叠置,形成复合叠合体,进而构成三角洲骨架。单个朵体由河道扫描或扩展而成,复合朵体则是由单朵体侧向迁移或前(退)积而成。三角洲因大量朵体叠置而形成厚层状、内部结构复杂的复合砂体。不同朵体形成于不同时期,因而不存在统一的分流体系,单一沉积体具有层状特征,但不同期朵体受可容空间和地貌控制,呈三维叠置,而非简单的层状叠加,从而使得三角洲内部呈现出拼合式、立体式特点。单朵体是结构的基本单元,发育范围有限,与相邻朵体发育于不同时间单元,因而只能在复合体约束下小范围追踪。单一朵体接触关系及接触界面的渗流能力决定了油气富集和注水开发响应特征。朵体迁移、叠置造成大面积、巨厚的砂层可形成大型油气藏,而同时朵体间泥岩的不均匀分布也造就了砂体局部不连通或朵体间连通性变化,为岩性油气藏形成创造了条件,并且影响了注水开发中的注采对应性,进而影响水驱采油效果。 相似文献
99.
Low-velocity structure beneath Africa from forward modeling 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sidao Ni Xiaoming Ding Donald V Helmberger Michael Gurnis 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》1999,170(4):21-507
Seismic waveforms observed in South Africa containing the first arrival crossover of S to SKS (70° to 110°) are analyzed. The data consist of analog records from the World Wide Seismographic Station Network (WWSSN) of deep events beneath South America. The S-waves arrive 2 to 3 s early relative to PREM at ranges from 70° to 95° and then become increasingly delayed, becoming 5 to 6 s late at 110°. The SKS phase is late by 3 to 5 s over the entire range. This pushes crossover between S and SKS, normally observed at about 81°, out about 2° to 3°, which is the most anomalous shift ever reported. To model such features, we modified Grand's tomography model [Grand et al., GSA Today 7 (1997) 1–7], and generated 2D synthetics to match the data. The overall shape and position of the lower mantle low-velocity anomaly proposed by Grand predicts good results if lower mantle anomalies are enhanced to a level of about 4%. This results in a complex tabular structure extending upward from the core–mantle boundary about 1500 km into the mantle. These features appear to be consistent with a large young plume which is erupting off the CMB. 相似文献
100.
贵州涟江惠水段级次清晰的四级阶地是流域地貌阶段性演化的直观记录。笔者等利用差分GPS测量法精确厘定了涟江阶地的级序和高程,结合剖面观测发现从上游到下游,涟江惠水段阶地标高和级差逐渐降低,地貌面整体呈“收拢”趋势;阶地沉积物呈现砾石层厚度变小,砾石含量降低、砾径减小,砂质沉积占比增大趋势;阶地类型从基座阶地为主向堆积阶地为主演变。光释光(OSL)测年显示,T1阶地埋藏年龄31.2±2.0 ka BP到14.7±1.3 ka BP,T2阶地122.4±8.5 ka BP到66.9±3.8 ka BP,阶地年龄与贵州高原其他流域十分相近,具有同步演化特征。结合阶地时代和发育特征,认为贵州高原河流阶地是构造运动的产物。涟江四级阶地记录了在更新世以来四次构造抬升背景下,流域经过多期自北向南“削高补低”的地貌改造,逐步由构造洼地演变为山间盆地的地貌过程。 相似文献