视觉比例尺对建立心像地图的影响

地图并不是地面实际情况的简单缩小的拷贝,它是人类依据不同需要对地面事物认识后进行抽象和概括的地面模型。比例尺不仅确立了图面与实地之间的几何比例关系,而且反映了人类对空间认知抽象的程度。地图作为人类进行空间认知的有力工具,其地位从来就没有被其它的事物所动摇过,究其原因是地图的空间表达方式比其它表达方式更适合人类的思维。心像地图是人脑在综合了或智能处理了各种感觉所获得的诸多信息后产生的内部表征。而地图又是诸多信息源中最为重要的一种形式。本文通过视觉感受到心像的形成过程、分析心像地图的特性,提出了适应视觉感受因素的视觉比例尺的概念,并分析了视觉比例尺对建立心像地图的影响。     

Subsurface target recognition in Utopia Planitia of Mars by Tianwen-1 FP-SPR simulation

As a cold and dry planet, Mars contains water resources in the form of water ice, so that the electromagnetic waves can be transmitted to the deep underground to get the information of the topography and subsurface geological structure. Subsurface penetrating radar(SPR) can be widely used in deep space exploration for a long time because of its non-destructive detection mode and its working characteristics not limited by visible light. It is an important type of equipment for detecting the subsurface structure of planets. Orbiter radar is mainly used in Mars exploration. However, because of its low resolution, it is difficult to describe the near surface structure, so there is a lack of radar data which can reflect the shallow information. In this paper, a three-dimensional near surface model of Utopia Planitia on Mars is established. In order to make the simulation results more reasonable, the key factors such as topographic relief, subsurface rocks and water ice, and the variation of dielectric constant in different layers are taken into account. Then the full polarization forward modeling is carried out by using the three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain method. The acquired full polarimetric subsurface penetrating radar(FP-SPR) data with noise is preprocessed and further processed by Pauli decomposition. The underground reflection can be picked up more clearly from the Pauli decomposition results. This work is helpful to identify more details of subsurface structures and provides a reference for the measured data in the future.     

QOCA和GLOBK软件处理高精度GNSS网结果对比分析

分别利用GLOBK和QOCA软件对陆态网络260个基准站的GNSS观测数据进行处理,获得站点在ITRF2008框架下的坐标和速度。通过比较分析两个软件的解算结果,证明了QOCA 软件能更好地处理测站位移的非线性变化,并通过拟合周年、半年项、剔除共模误差等手段提高解算精度。结果表明,相比于GLOBK软件,QOCA软件得到的拟合残差序列的RMS在E、N、U 3个方向上分别减小70%、80%和70%。     

基于CMONOC建立和评估中国大陆地壳运动速度场模型

针对现有速度场模型采用数据少、现势性不强的问题,详细论述了速度场模型建立的数据获取与处理方法,利用中国大陆地壳运动监测网络中260个连续运行基准站2011~2015年的连续观测数据,采用GAMIT/GLOBK与GMT软件,获得高精度的定位及速度成果,并基于上述速度成果采用克里金插值法构建了中国大陆地壳运动速度场1°×1°格网模型。最后利用IERS公布的中国区域7个IGS站实测速度以及全国范围内均匀分布的陆态网络区域站实测速度,对模型内插结果进行检核,验证了模型的现势性、精确性和可靠性。     

新区地籍数据库建设的探索与创新

地籍数据库建设工作是现代地籍管理工作的基础,在实际工作中已形成一套成熟的技术路线和数据标准.近年城市建设范围的迅速扩展对土地管理工作提出高要求,而地籍管理工作是土地管理的基础,所以地籍数据库的建设必须紧跟新区建设的步伐.在实际工作中老城区地籍数据库的建设方法并不适合在新区使用,为了提高新区地籍数据库建设工作的效率,本文对该工作进行了探索与创新.     

基于多目标进化算法的地图注记自动配置技术的研究

在计算机数字制图过程中,地图注记的配置直接影响数字地图的效果.针对地图注记配置过程中两个或多个注记之间冲突处理的问题,本文参照格式塔原则,从地图注记的易读性、位置优先性、形状相似性、地物关联性四个格式塔因子出发对地图注记的候选位置进行评价;同时根据多目标决策理论,用进化算法模拟地图注记的自动配置过程,实现了地图注记自动配置的全局优化.     

区划方法在无资料地区水文预报中的应用研究

区划方法是目前国际上解决无资料地区水文预报问题的常用方法,是近20年水文学界热点问题之一。本文通过介绍当前国际应用区划方法解决无资料地区水文预报问题的研究进展、存在问题和应用前景,为国内无资料地区水文模拟研究提供借鉴和参考。文章将区划方法分为3类:临近流域替代法、水文相似流域替代法和回归法。通过文献梳理及案例分析,本文指出各类方法的问题、适用范围及不同资料条件下方法选择。最后,通过对国际上无资料地区水文预报的总结分析,提出我国无资料地区研究亟待解决的5个问题。     

Synchronous Transformations of Mineral and Organic Constituents of Sedimentary Rocks in Geological Structure with an Initial Extension and Subsequent Compression Tectonic Regime

Sedimentary rocks of the section in the Red River fold zone of northern Viet Nam are considered. It is shown that secondary mineral parageneses formed in two stages. The first stage (35–17 Ma ago) corresponded to the period of structure extension and sediment subsidence to a depth of about 6 km. This period and subsequent 10 Ma were marked by the formation of a usual dia- and catagenetic zoning of metasedimentary rocks. The second stage (5–7 Ma ago) corresponded to processes of compression that were responsible for the deformation of rocks into gentle folds and 1.5 to 2.2 times contraction of the section thickness in different places. The sequential–mineralogical zoning was disturbed at this stage. Smectites and mixed-layer minerals were replaced by chlorites and hydromicas. Organic material also responded to compression simultaneously with inorganic components. The bituminous component was released from humic matter and rocks became enriched in hydrocarbons.     

SHRIMP Zircon U-Pb Ages of the Wajilitag Igneous Complex: Constraints on the Origin of A-type Granitoids in the Tarim Large Igneous Province, NW China

<正>Objective Large igneous provinces(LIPs)are sites of spatially contiguous,rapidly emplaced magmatic rocks,which represent the physical and chemical transfer of material from the mantle to the crust.Exposed within some continental LIPs are felsic and mafic plutonic and volcanic rocks.Although their volumes are minor compared to the flood basalts,the plutonic rocks of continental LIPs are     

On the Morphological Complexity of the Graptolite Tubaria in the Darriwilian(Middle Ordovician)

正1 Introduction As one of the major zooplanktonic organisms in the Ordovician and Silurian marine ecosystems,graptolites played a unique role in the GOBE (Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event) and underwent a considerable variation of diversities both in lifestyle and in speciation through the Ordovician (Sadler et al.,2011;Cooper et al.,2014).Graptolites are among the early