西藏林周地区始新世托龙I型花岗岩对印度-欧亚板块碰撞时限的制约

目前已有研究对印度-欧亚板块碰撞时限的认识存在诸多分歧。本文对西藏林周县中部出露的托龙岩体开展了锆石U-Pb年代学、全岩地球化学和锆石Hf同位素分析,以期进一步约束印度-欧亚板块的碰撞时间。托龙岩体内出露的石英二长斑岩呈岩株状侵入到帕那组中,锆石U-Pb定年结果显示该石英二长斑岩形成于始新世(50.5±0.6 Ma),锆石εHf (t)值为-0.6~-0.5。石英二长斑岩具有较低的A/CNK值、较高的K₂O含量和K₂O/Na₂O值,属于准铝质和钾玄岩系列。岩石普遍亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti和P,富集大离子亲石元素Th、U和Pb,轻、重稀土元素分异明显,(La /Yb)_N =15.3~16.3,Eu负异常较弱,δEu=0.56~0.69。托龙岩体较低的A/CNK值、P₂O₅与SiO₂的负相关性以及Y含量与Rb含量之间的正相关性,表明托龙石英二长斑岩为I型花岗岩。综合岩体的地球化学特征、同位素特征和前人研究成果,认为托龙石英二长斑岩可能是相对古老的变质中基性岩部分熔融的产物,形成于印度-欧亚板块碰撞引起的俯冲板片断离环境,指示了印度-亚洲大陆的碰撞应发生于50 Ma之前。     

桂东北黄关萤石矿床稀土元素和氢氧同位素特征

桂东北地区热液脉状萤石矿床数量众多,但萤石矿床的成矿流体性质和矿质来源不甚清楚。本文以黄关萤石矿床作为研究对象,在详细野外地质调查的基础上开展了萤石稀土元素测试及氢氧同位素研究,并与都庞岭花岗岩的全岩稀土元素特征进行对比。结果显示：萤石ΣREE = 38.08×10^-6~83.23×10^-6,花岗岩围岩ΣREE = 122.02×10^-6~199.56×10^-6,围岩花岗岩与萤石的稀土元素配分曲线均呈右倾型,具有同步性,表明矿物形成与围岩花岗岩关系密切;Eu无明显异常,Ce弱负异常或异常不明显,指示萤石在相对氧化的环境下形成;氢氧同位素测试结果显示,δD_V-SMOW介于-50.4‰~-34.7‰,δ¹⁸O_V-SMOW介于-9.8‰~-5.5‰,认为成矿流体以大气降水为主。矿床成矿物质F来自于都庞岭花岗岩体,Ca主要来自地层,部分来自岩体。

     

赤潮藻类非线性动力学模型的随机分岔

选取典型赤潮藻类的硅藻和甲藻,建立了一个随机非线性动力学模型,运用随机平均法结合现代非线性动力学理论对模型进行了化简,运用拟不可积 Hamilton 系统的相关理论和 Oseledec 乘性遍历定理求解了模型的最大 Lyapunov 指数,得到了模型随机稳定性的条件;利用动态系统不变测度的 Lyapunov 指数分析了模型的随机分岔,得到了系统发生随机D-分岔时参数的取值条件,结果表明,系统在随机因素作用下变得更敏感、更不稳定.     

Research Progress of Quality Control for AIRS Data

Satellite data assimilation can provide accurate initial field for Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models. So far, data variational assimilation is based on the theory where error obeys Gaussian distribution, so as to apply the least square method. During classical variational assimilation, if the data contain outliers, the results of optimal parameter estimation is meaningless. Therefore, quality control is quite necessary for Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) data before data assimilation. This paper made a comment of the advances in the quality control using AIRS data, which analyzed and discussed the research status from five aspects: channel selection, outliers elimination, bias correction, cloud detection and data sparseness. Three methods for channel selection were summarized, which are stepwise iterative method based on information entropy, the cumulative effect coefficient of principal component and principal components—Stepwise regression, respectively. Comparatively, stepwise iterative method based on information entropy is more widely used, but the selected channels are weak related; Channel combination with large amount of information can be obtained through the method of principal components—stepwise regression, but the implementation process is time-consuming due to the algorithm. Both the lane of law and the double weight method were used in outliers elimination, and the result shows that the latter one is better. Two kinds of bias correction method including off-line and on-line, were introduced, which contain static, adaptive, regression method, variational, method based on the radiative transfer model, bias correction with Kalman filter and dynamic update of bias correction technique. It is found that the timeliness of static method is better; while variational method could solve the problems of data drift and so on. The result is better when using bias correction based on the model and Kalman methods, but it is more time-consuming and not suitable for business application. Generally, the effect and timeliness of dynamic update one is the best among them. In this paper four kinds of cloud detection method are discussed here, including the sky field-of-view, sky channel, cloud radiation correction and different instrument cloud products matching. The first two methods are more feasible from the perspective of timeliness for numerical prediction, but the data quantity using could detection method of sky field-of-view is less than sky channel, leading to discarding of lots of channel data in climate sensitive area such as upper channel, and thus affecting the quality of analysis field. Further on, the methods of hops jumper, box and principal component applied to AIRS data sparseness were analyzed. From assimilation timeliness and operability, box method is feasible; although there is high complexity with algorithm of principal component analysis, which has a certain application prospect. After reviewing the quality control section, some further research directions in these fields were given respectively.     

重庆市公共租赁住房申请审核管理信息平台设计与实现

为解决中低收入和新就业人员的住房问题,从2010年开始,重庆市在全国率先大规模进行了公共租赁住房的建设。本文从如何通过公共租赁住房申请审核管理信息系统的建设,支撑公共租赁住房的申请审核、摇号配租工作,并重点就如何利用整合的市级部门信息资源,审核申请人的申请资格,从而确保公共租赁住房能得到公平、公开、公正的分配进行了介绍。     

基于高光谱大气红外探测器模拟亮温的稳健变分反演研究

经典变分反演法是基于观测误差服从高斯分布的假定,对偏离均值较大的离群值较敏感。当实际观测数据包含离群值观测误差呈现非高斯分布时,如果采用经典反演法进行变分反演就会产生大的偏差,甚至导致变分反演的失败。使用经典变分反演法首先需要进行质量控制,剔除所谓的离群值,但有相当部分的离群值包含了一些亮点,如天气现象。如果对其“视而不见”,则对很多重要的信息就无法把握。基于此,研究采用稳健变分反演的思想同化这些离群值,主要思想是把M-估计法（L2、Huber、Fair和Cauchy一估计）的权重函数耦合到经典变分反演中,在每次变分反演极小化迭代过程中重新估计观测项对经典变分反演目标泛函的贡献率。采用高光谱大气红外探测器（AtmosphericInfraRedSounder,AIRS）的通道模拟亮温进行理想试验,结果表明：采用Huber一估计进行稳健变分反演对温度和湿度反演具有较好的效果;采用Cauchy-估计得到的效果反而更差,这是由Cauchy等分布函数固有的缺陷所决定的。因此,稳健变分反演观测误差非高斯分布是可行的,但依赖M-估计法权重函数的选取。     

A fluidized landslide on a natural slope by artificial rainfall

An experiment to induce a fluidized landslide by artificial rainfall was conducted on a natural slope at Mt. Kaba-san in the village of Yamato, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. The experimental slope was 30 m long, 5 m wide, and the average slope gradient was 33°. A landslide initiated 24,627.5 s (410 m/27.5 s) after the start of sprinkling at a rainfall intensity of 78 mm/h. The landslide mass was 14 m long and 1.2 m deep (at maximum). It first slid, then fluidized, and changed into a debris flow. The travel distance was up to 50 m in 17s. The apparent friction angle of the fluidized landslide was 16.7°. Formation of the sliding surface was detected by soil-strain probes. Motion of the surface of the failed landslide mass was determined by stereo photogrammetry.     

长江-黄河源区未来气候情景下的生态环境变化

在IPCC的情景下,青藏高原到2100年气温将上升2～3.6℃,最大的升温将出现在冬季,降水模式将会逐渐发生改变,从北部的增加到西南的减少.对于江河源区的范围,到2100年增温在2.4～3.2℃,降水量增加约-50～200mm.植被群落在气候变化条件将发生明显变化,温带草原到寒温带针叶林群落的面积增加,而温带荒漠到冰缘荒漠的面积都缩小,分布界线向更高的海拔高度迁移.到2100年气温上升3℃,降水不变则冰川长度小于4km以下的冰川大都消失,整个长江源区的冰川面积将减少约60%以上.如果考虑降水增加,冰川面积在2100年气候条件下减少约40%,将从现在的1168.18km²减少到00km²左右,冰川融水的比重也将会由现在的占河流总径流的25%下降到18%.另外,由于冰川大量退缩,草地和湿地蒸发量加大,许多湖泊将会退缩和干涸,沼泽地退化、沙化扩展,草地退化等一系列严重的生态问题将更加突出.     

Research on the Seismic Wave Characteristics of Low Frequency Signals before the Alxa Left Banner MS5.8 Earthquake in Inner Mongolia, China

In order to search for the seismic wave characteristics of low frequency signals in the Alxa Left Banner region,Inner Mongolia,the low frequency signals of seismic wave data are extracted from the earthquakes of MS5. 8 in 2015 and MS5. 0 in 2016 in this area. The results show that:① Before the MS5. 8 earthquake,the seismic stations located near the epicenter in Wuhai,Dongshengmiao,and Shizuishan recorded seismic waves that showed the phenomenon of spectrum shift from high to low frequency.② The low frequency signals recorded by different stations have obvious difference.③ According to the data recorded by the station closest to the epicenter,low-frequency signals were recorded about120 hours before the earthquake and had obvious anomalies. This may reflect slow slip before the earthquake.     

水处理中SMP和EPS生成机理的数学模型建立及仿真

根据质量守恒原理提出了一个新的解释膜生物反应器中的可溶性微生物(SMP)和胞外聚合物(EPS)生成机理的数学模型。该模型结构简单,仅有底物、活性污泥、SMP和EPS四个组分,且参数确定的工作量较小。通过实验验证可知该模型能正确地模拟出膜生物反应器中的污泥生长和SMP形成的生物反应过程。