吐哈盆地西部地区高蜡凝析油和轻质油的地球化学特征及成因分析

吐哈盆地西部地区中、新生界储层中广泛分布着轻质油和凝析油。这些原油具有低密度、低粘度、中等—高含蜡量的特点 ,含蜡量为 5 .5 %～ 2 2 .1% ,高分子量正构烷烃 (n C35～ n C87)含量较高 ,属中—高蜡轻质油或凝析油 ,其地球化学特征及成因机理既不同于常规的高蜡原油 ,又不同于一般意义上的凝析油。吐哈盆地中、新生界高蜡凝析油或轻质油主要来源于侏罗系湖相泥岩和煤系地层中泥岩或煤 ,其形成主要取决于烃源岩的有机显微组分和有机质演化程度。研究区侏罗系湖相泥岩和煤系地层泥岩或煤岩中有机显微组分均以镜质组和壳质组为主 ,壳质组中角质体和木栓质体含量较高 ,具备了既可形成凝析油 ,又可形成高蜡油的条件。由于镜质组与部分壳质组演化形成烃类化合物的活化能相当 ,因此又具备高蜡油与凝析油共生的地球化学条件     

Dynamic Features of Angular Unconformity Formation——Extensional and Compressional Angular Unconformities

Angular unconformity is one of the most direct and strongest evidences for approving the tectonic movements of the earth's crust. Its dynamic genesis process has been understood to be mainly related to the compressional setting for a long time. Especially, in a detailed structural analysis for a specific region, when an angular unconformity is discovered people would regard it as the result of orogenic movements of a certain period or a certain episode and neglect the extensional facts. Based on a dialectical point of view of extension-compression, this paper has proved that angular unconformities can be formed not only in compressional settings, but also in extensional ones. Further more, their geological features are compared and he possible genetic mechanisms for angular unconformity under different dynamic settings are studied.     

LAND DEGRADATION AND ITS CONTROL STRATEGIES IN CHINA

Ｈｕｍａｎ-ｉｎｄｕｃｅｄｌａｎｄｄｅｇｒａｄａｔｉｏｎａｓａｃｅｎｔｒａｌｔｈｅｍｅｏｆｄｅｓｅｒｔｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎｉｎｔｈｅｗｏｒｌｄｒｅｆｅｒｓｔｏｄｅｃｌｉｎｅｏｒｌｏｓｓｏｆｂｉｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｏｒｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｖｉｔｙｃａｕｓｅｄｂｙｉｒｒａｔｉｏｎａｌｈｕｍａｎａｃｔｉｖｉｔｉｅｓ.ＡｃｃｏｒｄｉｎｇｔｏａｓｓｅｓｓｍｅｎｔｏｆＵＮＥＰａｂｏｕｔ3.6ｂｉｌｌｉｏｎｈａｏｆｌａｎｄｉｎｏｖｅｒｏｎｅｈｕｎｄｒｅｄｃｏｕｎｔｒｉｅｓｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎａｆｆｅｃｔｅｄｂｙ…     

THE IMPACTS OF GLOBAL CHANGE ON DESERTIFICATION IN CHINA

ＩｎＣｈｉｎａ,ｄｅｓｅｒｔｓｍｏｖｉｎｇｎｏｒｔｈｗａｒｄｄｕｅｔｏｔｈｅｕｐｌｉｆｔｉｎｇｏｆｔｈｅＱｉｎｇｈａｉ-ＴｉｂｅｔＰｌａｔｅａｕａｒｅｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｅｄｉｎａｒｉｄ,ｓｅｍｉ-ａｒｉｄａｎｄｄｒｙｓｕｂ-ｈｕｍｉｄａｒｅａｓｏｆ35°-50°Ｎａｎｄ75°-125°Ｅ.Ｄｅｓｅｒｔｓ,ＧｏｂｉａｎｄｄｅｓｅｒｔｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎａｆｆｅｃｔｅｄａｒｅａｓｈｏｒｉｚｏｎｔａｌｌｙｃｒｏｓｓｅｄＮｏｒｔｈｗｅｓｔ,ＮｏｒｔｈａｎｄＮｏｒｔｈｅａｓｔＣｈｉｎａｉｎａｌｅｎｇｔｈｏｆ4,500ｋｍ.Ｔｈｅｖ…     

MODELING SEDIMENT PROCESSES ON SMALL WATERSHEDS: A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK Ⅱ. CONCENTRATED FLOW PROCESSES

L INTRODUCTIONThe purpose of this paper is to present a general modeling framework that can serveas a conceptual basis for developing sediment process models by concentrated flow systems on small watersheds. A survey of fundamental principles for developing sedimentprocess models is made with particular emphasis on the effects of space and time averaging on the governing equations. Starting from the most general one--dimensional,unsteady model of sediment processes, simpler model structur…     

Thermodynamic model of formation of carbonates and uranium mineral phases in lakes Namshi-Nur and Tsagan-Tyrm (Cisbaikalia)

The Tazheran lakes are located compactly in the small Tazheran steppe area. Their bottom sediments are predominantly various calcite-dolomite carbonates, and their waters are rich in uranium. The studies have shown that the main process in these lakes is chemogenic carbonate precipitation with the participation of carbon dioxide formed through the bacterial destruction of organic matter. For thermodynamic modeling of the composition of bottom sediments, we chose two lakes with different basic parameters. Calculations were made for the 15-component heterogeneous system H₂O-Na-Ca-Mg-K-Sr-Ba-Si-Al-Cl-C-S-Fe-U-Mn including particles in the solution, minerals, and gases at 25 °C and 1 bar. As starting information, we used the obtained analytical data on the natural composition of waters and bottom sediments. The results show that calcite-dolomite carbonates are predominant in the bottom sediments and the destruction of organic matter results in reducing conditions. This confirms the hypothesis of the formation of mineral phases of U(IV) during diagenetic processes in the bottom sediments of the studied lakes.     

用格子玻尔兹曼方法模拟非均匀介质中的电场响应

介绍了用格子玻尔兹曼方法模拟非均匀介质中的电场响应的数值模拟方法. 格子玻尔兹曼方法是从微观领域出发进行数值计算的一种全新的正演模拟方法;从玻尔兹曼碰撞模型出发,利用泰勒展开和Chapman Enskog展开,在基本力学守恒条件和约束条件的限制下,导出了电场响应的扩散方程,得到了局部平衡分布函数的表达式,给出了若干正演模拟的结果;其结果表明,利用这种方法进行非均匀介质中的电场响应正演模拟具有灵活、方便和简单等优点.     

被动陆缘裂陷盆地的层序充填动力学模型--以早泥盆世-中泥盆世早期右江盆地为例

早泥盆世-中泥盆世早期的右江盆地处于被动陆缘裂陷盆地阶段.本文通过对这一时期右江盆地的沉积层序、构造演化、古气候以及全球海平面等因素的综合分析,建立了右江被动陆缘裂陷盆地的层序充填动力学模型.该模型充分体现了构造控盆、盆控相,不同相带的时空配置形成层序的不同样式的基本思想,强调了构造沉降和全球海平面升降共同作用下的相对海平面变化所引起的可容纳空间的变化与沉积物供应比值的关系对层序样式的决定作用.通过代表台缘相的横县六景剖面的验证,该模型清楚地反映了全球海平面变化对超层序的主要控制作用,区域构造沉降的叠加效应使相对海平面曲线的R拐点要早于全球海平面曲线的R拐点,而F拐点要晚于全球海平面曲线的F拐点.古气候因素体现在层序充填物(气候敏感沉积物的种类、生物种属的差别)的差异性上.本文所建立层序充填动力学模型的思路和方法对于其他地区、其他类型盆地类似的研究具有借鉴意义,由此建立的被动陆缘裂陷盆地的层序充填动力学模型对于了解右江盆地的构造动力学与特提斯构造域的关系、促进盆地动力学理论的发展和该区的资源勘探具有重要的理论意义.     

苏丹迈努特盆地油气成藏机理和成藏模式

苏丹迈努特盆地是中国石油天然气集团公司在海外最大的勘探项目．快速高效发现大油田是跨国勘探的主要目的。本文在过去三年的石油地质综合研究和勘探的基础上,系统总结盆地的独特石油地质特征和油气聚集规律。迈努特盆地三期裂谷的叠置．早白垩世是最主要的一期,形成了主力烃源岩;晚白垩世弱裂谷期,沉积了一套以砂岩为主的地层;古近纪又发育一期裂谷．是主力成藏组合发育时期。特定的构造—地层特征和演化史,决定了盆地独特的油气成藏机理和成藏模式——跨时代油气聚集模式。这一模式的建立为最终发明储量达5亿吨的大油田提供了理论基础。     

High Temperature as a Mechanism for Plant Cytoplasm Preservation in Fossils

Because the cytoplasm of a plant normally degrades after the death of the plant, finding cytoplasm in a plant body after a prolonged period of time, especially in fossil plants, is unexpected. Recent work on several 100-Myr-old plant fossils from Kansas, USA indicates, however, that cells and their contents can be preserved. Most of the cells in these fossil plants appear to be in a state of plasmolysis, and these fossil cells bear a strong resemblance to laboratory-baked cells of extant plant tissues. Based on a comparison with extant material plus biophysical and biochemical analyses of the cytoplasm degrading process, a new hypothesis for cytoplasm preservation in nature is proposed： high temperature, a concomitant of commonly seen wildfires, may preserve cytoplasm in fossil plants. This hypothesis implies that fossilized cytoplasm should be rather common and an appropriate substance for research, unlike previously thought. Research on fossil cytoplasm closely integrates paleobotany with biochemistry, biophysics, as well as fire ecology, and invites inputs from these fields to paleobotany to interpret these provocative findings.