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51.
塔里木盆地是我国最大的含油气盆地,拥有巨大的油气资源潜力。但塔中地区奥陶系岩溶缝洞型储层埋藏深、类型复杂、储层非均质性强,所表现出的岩石地球物理特性不清楚。为了分析典型缝洞型储层模型含不同流体情形下的AVO特征,建立了过玉北1井的缝洞型储层地震地质模型,模型的3个储层段对应的孔隙度分别为10%,6%和8%,分别对应Ⅰ类储层、Ⅲ类储层和Ⅱ类储层,设计了3个储层段都充填气和3个储层段分别充填气、油、水3种不同流体时的2个模型,基于正演模拟共成像点道集记录(CMP),提取截距、梯度、纵横波反射系数及流体因子,采用AVO属性交汇分析方法,寻找油气识别的最佳属性组合,为叠前反演解释提供理论基础。 相似文献
52.
53.
Nenad Tomašić Štefica Kampić Iva Juranović Cindrić Kristina Pikelj Mavro Lučić Danijela Mavrić Tajana Vučetić 《Central European Journal of Geosciences》2013,5(4):457-464
The adsorption properties in terms of cation exchange capacity and their relation to the soil and sediment constituents (clay minerals, Fe-, Mn-, and Al-oxyhydroxides, organic matter) were investigated in loess, soil-loess transition zone, and soil at four loess-soil sections in North-Western Croatia. Cation exchange capacity of the bulk samples, the samples after oxalate extraction of Fe, Mn and Al, and after removal of organic matter, as well as of the separated clay fraction, was determined using copper ethylenediamine. Cation exchange capacity (pH~7) of the bulk samples ranges from 5 to 12 cmol c /kg in soil, from 7 to 15 cmol c /kg in the soil-loess transition zone, and from 12 to 20 cmol c /kg in loess. Generally, CEC values increase with depth. Oxalate extraction of Fe, Mn, and Al, and removal of organic matter cause a CEC decrease of 3–38% and 8–55%, respectively, proving a considerable influence of these constituents to the bulk CEC values. In the separated clay fraction (<2 μm) CEC values are up to several times higher relative to those in the bulk samples. The measured CEC values of the bulk samples generally correspond to the clay mineral content identified. Also, a slight increase in muscovite/illite content with depth and the vermiculite occurrence in the loess horizon are concomitant with the CEC increase in deeper horizons, irrespective of the sample pretreatment. 相似文献
54.
P. M. Nikolić S. Ðurić D. M. Todorović D. Vasiljević-Radović V. Blagojević P. Mihajlović J. Elazar K. T. Radulović A. I. Bojičić D. Urošević 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2001,28(1):44-51
Electron transport properties of single crystal and polycrystalline natural mineral galena (PbS) samples from the Trep?a mine, Yugoslavia, were determined using the photoacoustic frequency transmission technique. Their thermal diffusivity (D T≈0.16 × 10?5 m2 s?1), the coefficient of diffusion (D between 0.15×10?2 0.16×10?2 m2 s?1) and lifetime of the excess carrier (τ≈35 μs and the front and rear recombination velocity (s g≈65.5 m s?1 and s b≈66.4 m s?1, respectively), were calculated by comparing the experimental results and the theoretical photoacoustic amplitude and phase signals. The lattice parameter obtained by X-ray work was a?=5.936?Å. The free carrier concentration of these single-crystal samples was measured using the Hall method (N?=?3×1018 cm?3). Measurements of the optical reflectivity of the same samples, as a function of wavelength, in the infrared and far infrared ranges, were performed. In the far infrared range a free electron plasma frequency was observed and numerically analyzed, using the least-squares fitting procedure. The values of optical parameters were calculated and the value of the free carrier concentration obtained by the Hall method was confirmed. 相似文献
55.
M. G. García K. L. Lecomte Y. Stupar S. M. Formica M. Barrionuevo M. Vesco R. Gallará R. Ponce 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,65(2):535-545
Symptoms of dental fluorosis have been observed in rural communities located in the Sierras Pampeanas de Córdoba, a mountainous
area in Central Argentina. The clinical assessment was performed in the Charbonier Department, where the fluoride (F−) intake was determined to be 3.90 ± 0.20 mg day−1 (n = 16). In this community, mild and severe fluorosis reach an incidence of 86.7% (total teeth surface = 636 teeth) among the
children population. To determine the origin and distribution of fluorine in natural waters from the Charbonier Department
and nearby regions, sampling was performed in the area covering the San Marcos River basin. The obtained results show that
F− concentrations vary between ~1 to ~2.5 mg l−1, with an outlier value of 8 mg l−1. The spatial distribution of F− shows that the lowest concentrations are found at the basin’s catchments. Maximum values are located in two sectors of the
basin: the Charbonier depression in the eastern part and at the San Marcos village, downstream the main collector, in the
western part of the basin. In these two regions, the F− contents in ground- and surface waters are >2.0 mg l−1 and nearly constant. Dissolved F− in natural waters from the study area has its origin in the weathering of F-bearing minerals present in the region’s dominant
lithology. The extent of mineral weathering is mostly determined by the residence time of water within the aquatic reservoir.
Longer residence times and a major solid–water interaction lead to enhanced release of F−. This explains the higher F− concentrations found in basin areas with lower run off. The removal of F− from water appears to occur by neither fluorite precipitation, nor by adsorption. Hence, variations in F− concentrations seem to be more related to regional hydrological conditions. 相似文献
56.
Francisco González-Sánchez Antoni Camprubí Eduardo González-Partida Rafael Puente-Solís Carles Canet Elena Centeno-García Viorel Atudorei 《Mineralium Deposita》2009,44(3):343-361
Northeastern Mexico hosts numerous epigenetic stratabound carbonate-hosted low-temperature hydrothermal deposits of celestine,
fluorite, barite and zinc-lead, which formed by replacement of Mesozoic evaporites or carbonate rocks. Such deposits can be
permissively catalogued as Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) deposits. The deposits studied in the state of Coahuila are associated
with granitic and metasedimentary basement highs (horsts) marginal or central to the Mesozoic Sabinas Basin. These horsts
controlled the stratigraphy of the Mesozoic basins and subsequently influenced the Laramide structural pattern. The Sabinas
Basin consists of ~6,000-m-thick Jurassic to Cretaceous siliciclastic, carbonate and evaporitic series. The MVT deposits are
mostly in Barremian and in Aptian-Albian to Cenomanian formations and likely formed from basinal brines that were mobilized
during the Laramide orogeny, although earlier diagenetic replacement of evaporite layers (barite and celestine deposits) and
lining of paleokarstic cavities in reef carbonates (Zn–Pb deposits) is observed. Fluid inclusion microthermometry and isotopic
studies suggest ore formation due to mixing of basinal brines and meteoric water. Homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions
range from 45°C to 210°C; salinities range from 0 to 26 wt.% NaCl equiv., and some inclusions contain hydrocarbons or bitumen.
Sulfur isotope data suggest that most of the sulfur in barite and celestine is derived from Barremian to Cenomanian evaporites.
Regional geology and a compilation of metallogenic features define the new MVT province of northeastern Mexico, which comprises
most of the state of Coahuila and portions of the neighboring states of Nuevo León, Durango and, perhaps extends into Zacatecas
and southern Texas. This province exhibits a regional metal zonation, with celestine deposits to the south, fluorite deposits
to the north and barite and Zn–Pb deposits mostly in the central part. 相似文献
57.
S. Miko G. Koch S. Mesić M. Šparica-Miko M. Šparica R. Čepelak A. Bačani P. Vreča T. Dolenec S. Bergant 《Environmental Geology》2008,55(3):517-537
Due to their balneotherapeutic features, the organic-rich sediments in Makirina Cove are an important source of healing mud.
An environmental geochemistry approach using normalization techniques was applied to evaluate the anthropogenic contribution
of trace metals to sediments used as healing mud. Sediment geochemistry was found to be associated with land-use change and
storm events, as well as with proximity of a road with heavy traffic in the summer months. Local valley topography preferentially
channels lithogenic and pollutant transport to the cove. Concentrations and distribution of trace metals indicate lithogenic
(Ni, Cr, Co) and anthropogenic (Pb, Cu, Zn and Se) contributions to the sediments. The calculation of enrichment factors indicates
a moderate (EFs between 2–3.5) input of anthropogenic Cu and Pb in surficial sediments to a depth of 10 cm. Patients using
the Makirina Cove sediments as healing mud could be to some extent exposed to enhanced uptake of metals from anthropogenic
sources via dermal contact. 相似文献
58.
Surfaces of phosphorite nodules and pebbles from the “Cambridge Green Sand” (Cenomanian, South England) yielded several discernible types of scratches. These originated before the burial of nodules/pebbles as evidenced by fossil epibiotic oysters cemented to cover the scratches. The individual forms of scratches differ in size and shape; therefore, the set of “scratching instruments” also had to be different. The scratches described differ from scratches generated by glacial processes, namely by the regularity of length and intervals, parallel orientation, existence of recurrent forms and placement along the nodule edges. We interpret the scratches as trace fossils of the ichnogenus Machichnus. Three new species, namely M. normani, M. harlandi and M. jeansi, are erected for them herein. The series of scratches originated probably by teeth on a couple of jaws; the makers possibly scraped bacterial or algal film off the surface of nodules that were covered with the phosphate gel. Both homodont and heterodont animals (probably fish) were involved. 相似文献
59.
Kirsten Linnow Michael Steiger Christine Lemster Hilde De Clercq Maja Jovanović 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,69(5):1609-1620
Several double salts have been detected in building materials and most of these salts are incongruently soluble compounds. In contrast to single salts, however, no systematic investigations of the crystallization behavior and deleterious effects of incongruently soluble double salts exist. To assess the damage potential of these salts, a systematic investigation of their highly complex behavior is desirable. This paper deals with the crystallization behavior of various solids in the ternary mixed NaNO3–Na2SO4 system including the formation of the double salt darapskite, Na3NO3SO4·H2O. The crystallization sequence during droplet evaporation experiments at room conditions was determined using Raman and polarization microscopy. The basic idea of this research is to use deviations of the crystallization sequence of a salt or a mixed salt solution from the equilibrium pathway as an indicator to detect the degree of supersaturation. The observed crystallization pathway includes the formation of the metastable phases Na2SO4(III), Na2SO4(V) and darapskite. The experimental observations are discussed on the basis of the NaNO3–Na2SO4–H2O phase diagram and the results provide evidence for crystal growth from highly supersaturated solutions in both systems. If the crystals growing under these conditions are confined, these supersaturations result in substantial crystallization pressures. 相似文献
60.
Estela Collini María Soledad Osores Arnau Folch José G. Viramonte Gustavo Villarosa Graciela Salmuni 《Natural Hazards》2013,66(2):389-412
We modelled the transport and deposition of ash from the June 2011 eruption from Cordón Caulle volcanic complex, Chile. The modelling strategy, currently under development at the Argentinean Naval Hydrographic Service and National Meteorological Service, couples the weather research and forecasting (WRF/ARW) meteorological model with the FALL3D ash dispersal model. The strategy uses volcanological inputs inferred from satellite imagery, eruption reports and preliminary grain-size data obtained during the first days of the eruption from an Argentinean ash sample collection network. In this sense, the results shown here can be regarded as a quasi-syn-eruptive forecast for the first 16 days of the eruption. Although this article describes the modelling process in the aftermath of the crisis, the strategy was implemented from the beginning of the eruption, and results were made available to the Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Centers and other end users. The model predicts ash cloud trajectories, concentration of ash at relevant flight levels, expected deposit thickness and ash accumulation rates at relevant localities. Here, we validate the modelling strategy by comparing results with satellite retrievals and syn-eruptive ground deposit measurements. Results highlight the goodness of the combined WRF/ARW-FALL3D forecasting system and point out the usefulness of coupling both models for short-term forecast of volcanic ash clouds. 相似文献